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Road Map to A/UX: Release Road Map to A/UX Release 3.0 Apple Computer, Inc. This manual and the software described in it are copyrighted, with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual or the software may not be copied, in whole or part, without written consent of Apple, except in the normal use of the software or to make a backup copy of the software. The same proprietary and copyright notices must be affixed to any permitted copies as were affixed to the original. This exception does not allow copies to be made for others, whether or not sold, but all of the material purchased (with all backup copies) may be sold, given, or loaned to another person. Under the law, copying includes translating into another language or format. You may use the software on any computer owned by you, but extra copies cannot be made for this purpose. The Apple logo is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-k) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. © Apple Computer, Inc., 1992 20525 Mariani Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014-6299 (408) 996-1010 Apple, the Apple logo, APDA, AppleLink, AppleShare, AppleTalk, A/UX, EtherTalk, HyperCard, ImageWriter, LaserWriter, LocalTalk, Macintosh, and StyleWriter are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. Balloon Help, Finder, MacTCP, MacX, OneScanner, Quadra, QuickDraw, QuickTime, SuperDrive, System 7, and TrueType are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Classic is a registered trademark, licensed to Apple Computer, Inc. Adobe Illustrator, PostScript, and TranScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated, registered in the United States. IBM and OS/2 are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. ITC Garamond and ITC Zapf Dingbats are registered trademarks of International Typeface Corp. Linotronic is a registered trademark of Linotype Company. MacWrite is a registered trademark of Claris Corporation. Microsoft, MS-DOS, and XENIX are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corp. NFS and Sun are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. NuBus is a trademark of Texas Instruments. OSF/Motif and Motif are trademarks of the Open Software Foundation, Inc. QuarkXPress is a registered trademark of Quark, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark of UNIX System Laboratories. VAX is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation. X11 and X Window System are trademarks of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products. Apple guides for the The learning path through Macintosh computer A/UX documentation A/UX Getting Started Administration Manuals set Basics Macintosh Basics Getting StartedMacintosh with your Macintosh A/UX Local System Administration Macintosh User’s Guide Macintosh User’s Guide A/UX Essential Manuals set X11 User’s Guide X11 User’s Guide for A/UX for A/UX Road Map to A/UX A/UX Installation Guide A/UX Networking A/UX Essentials Essentials Read Me MacX User’s Guide MacX User’s Guide Road Map A/UX Read Me A/UX A/UX to A/UX Installation Essentials Networking Guide Essentials Setting Up Accounts and Peripherals for A/UX A/UX Programming Manuals set Setting Up Accounts and Peripherals for A/UX A/UX Toolbox: Macintosh ROM Interface Apple guides AppleCD 150 for various User’s Guide peripheral devices Contents Figures and tables / ix About This Guide / xi Who should read this guide / xi What’s in this guide / xii Licensing / xii 1 An Overview of A/UX / 1-1 What’s new in A/UX Release 3.0? / 1-2 Why UNIX? / 1-4 A/UX—more than just UNIX / 1-5 The Macintosh desktop / 1-6 Macintosh System 7 / 1-8 Macintosh applications / 1-9 Macintosh/UNIX integration / 1-10 Multiple terminal emulator windows / 1-10 Easier hard disk set up and installation / 1-11 Simplified system administration / 1-12 Extended networking capabilities / 1-12 Easier command generation / 1-14 Macintosh-style text editing / 1-15 A fully-compliant UNIX system / 1-16 Why Macintosh? / 1-16 The Finder / 1-17 Resources / 1-17 Document data types / 1-18 System Folder / 1-18 Extensions / 1-19 Control panels / 1-20 Apple menu items / 1-21 2 A Closer Look at A/UX / 2-1 The structure of A/UX / 2-2 The hardware / 2-2 The A/UX kernel / 2-5 The A/UX Toolbox / 2-6 The system-call interface / 2-7 The A/UX Finder / 2-8 CommandShell / 2-9 The A/UX file hierarchy / 2-10 Text editors and processors / 2-12 UNIX text editors / 2-12 UNIX text processors / 2-13 Other UNIX text-processing tools / 2-14 Software development environment / 2-14 UNIX programming languages / 2-15 UNIX programming tools / 2-16 Networking and communications / 2-18 AppleTalk / 2-18 TCP/IP / 2-18 Serial communications / 2-20 Network File System (NFS) / 2-21 Other UNIX utilities / 2-22 vi Contents 3 A/UX Documentation / 3-1 How to use the A/UX manuals / 3-3 Getting the latest information / 3-5 The Read Me file / 3-6 Where to find it / 3-6 Using your Macintosh for the first time / 3-7 Installing your A/UX system / 3-8 A/UX Installation Guide / 3-9 Where to find it / 3-9 Setting Up Accounts and Peripherals for A/UX / 3-9 Where to find it / 3-10 Learning the basics / 3-10 A/UX Essentials / 3-10 Where to find it / 3-12 A/UX Networking Essentials / 3-12 Where to find it / 3-13 Using Apple X Window System products / 3-13 X11 User’s Guide for A/UX / 3-14 Where to find it / 3-15 MacX User’s Guide / 3-15 Where to find it / 3-15 Administering an A/UX system / 3-16 A/UX Local System Administration / 3-16 Where to find it / 3-18 A/UX Network System Administration / 3-18 Where to find it / 3-19 A/UX System Administrator’s Reference / 3-19 Where to find it / 3-19 How to view it on line / 3-19 Learning about advanced user programs / 3-20 A/UX Text-Editing Tools / 3-20 Where to find it / 3-21 A/UX Text-Processing Tools / 3-22 Where to find it / 3-22 A/UX Command Reference / 3-22 Where to find it / 3-23 How to view it on line / 3-23 A/UX Reference Summary and Index / 3-23 Where to find it / 3-23 Contents vii Programming in A/UX / 3-24 A/UX Shells and Shell Programming / 3-25 Where to find it / 3-26 A/UX Programming Languages and Tools, Volume 1 / 3-26 Where to find it / 3-27 A/UX Programming Languages and Tools, Volume 2 / 3-28 Where to find it / 3-28 A/UX Toolbox: Macintosh ROM Interface / 3-29 Where to find it / 3-29 A/UX Programmer’s Reference / 3-30 Where to find it / 3-30 How to view it on line / 3-30 A/UX Network Applications Programming / 3-30 Where to find it / 3-31 A/UX Porting Guide / 3-31 Where to find it / 3-32 Building A/UX Device Drivers / 3-32 Where to find it / 3-32 Programming in X11 / 3-33 X11 Command Reference for A/UX / 3-33 X11 Programmer’s Reference for A/UX / 3-33 Where to find them / 3-34 How to view them on line / 3-34 Ordering documentation / 3-34 Authorized Apple dealers / 3-34 APDA / 3-34 Sources for non-A/UX documents / 3-35 Apple Developer Programs / 3-36 Glossary / Gl-1 Index / In-1 viii Contents Figures and Tables Chapter 1 An Overview of A/UX Figure 1-1 An A/UX desktop display / 1-7 Figure 1-2 Typical icons representing a document file and a folder / 1-7 Figure 1-3 The Commando dialog box for the newconfig command / 1-13 Figure 1-4 The Commando dialog box for the ls command / 1-14 Figure 1-5 A typical TextEditor display / 1-15 Figure 1-6 The Extensions window / 1-19 Figure 1-7 The Control Panels window / 1-20 Figure 1-8 The Apple Menu Items window / 1-21 Chapter 2 A Closer Look at A/UX Figure 2-1 The structure of A/UX / 2-3 Figure 2-2 A typical A/UX file structure / 2-11 Table 2-1 A/UX peripheral and accessory options / 2-4 Chapter 3 A/UX Documentation Figure 3-1 Getting the latest information / 3-5 Figure 3-2 Using your Macintosh for the first time / 3-7 Figure 3-3 Installing your A/UX system / 3-8 Figure 3-4 Learning the basics of A/UX / 3-11 Figure 3-5 Using Apple X Window System products / 3-14 Figure 3-6 Administering an A/UX system / 3-17 Figure 3-7 Using advanced user programs / 3-21 Figure 3-8 Programming in A/UX / 3-25 Table 3-1 A/UX 3.0 manual sets / 3-2 Table 3-2 Additional A/UX 3.0 manuals / 3-3 x Figures and Tables About This Guide The A/UX operating system for the Macintosh computer is Apple Computer’s version of the industry-standard UNIX® operating system. Like the original UNIX, A/UX is a complex structure of files, utilities, and applications. And like the Apple Macintosh Operating System, A/UX provides ease of use through an intuitive user environment.
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