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Interstellarum 85 • Dezember/Januar 2013 1 Inhalt Editorial fokussiert Liebe Leserinnen und Leser, wissen Sie schon, was Sie am 21. Dezember tun werden? Wahrschein- lich werden Sie auf der Jagd nach letzten Geschenken durch die Geschäfte ziehen oder einen Glühwein auf dem Weihnachtsmarkt trinken. Geht es nach vielen Paranoikern im Internet, wird dieser Tag aber weniger beschau- lich enden – nichts weniger als der Weltuntergang ist angekündigt. Nun . t könnte uns diese unsinnige Prophezeiung so wenig interessieren wie viele g andere zuvor, doch diesmal wird die Astronomie als Schreckgespenst miss- braucht: Ein mythischer »Planet X« soll sich uns nähern, die anderen Pla- neten die Erde aus ihrer Bahn reißen, die Sonne sich mit dem Zentrum der Milchstraße »synchronisieren«, und zu allem Überfl uss »endet« auch noch ist untersa g der Kalender der Maya. Was sich hinter dieser wüsten Ankündigung ver- Ronald Stoyan, Chefredakteur birgt, haben Oliver Debus und Oliver Dreißigacker recherchiert (Seite 12). reitun Dass viele Menschen diese Ankündigungen tatsächlich glauben, berichtet b Florian Freistetter in einem Interview auf interstellarum.de. Jupiter steht nicht nur bestens platziert am Abendhimmel, sondern auch im Zentrum dieses Heftes. Neben Details zur aktuellen Oppositions- stellung (Seite 18) und Neuigkeiten von seiner veränderlichen Wolkenober- fl äche (Seite 23), bringt dieses Heft eine ausführliche Anleitung zur Beob- achtung des Riesenplaneten (Seite 34). Außerdem erklärt Peter M. Oden in seinem Beitrag, wie man aus Webcam-Aufnahmen Rotations-Animationen der Planeten erstellt (Seite 52). Nutzen Sie den idealen Stand von Jupiter für eigene Versuche! Sind Sie Astrofotograf – oder gerade dabei, einer zu werden? Dann sollten Sie unbedingt an unserem neuen Fotowettbewerb teilnehmen, zu dem wir mit der Firma Astrosysteme Austria (ASA) zusammen einladen: In den Kategorien Einsteiger und Experten sind Preise im Gesamtwert von über 15000 Euro ausgelobt – so viel gab es noch bei keinem astro- nur zu privaten Zwecken. Die Weiterver nomischen Fotowettbewerb in deutscher Sprache zu gewinnen (Seite g 62)! Wir freuen uns über Ihre Teilnahme – Fotos können ab sofort in un- seren speziellen Uploadbereich auf interstellarum.de hochgeladen und betrachtet werden! ützt. Nutzun Viel Erfolg bei der Teilnahme wünscht h Ihr esc g h tlic h errec b e h Titelbild: Der Tempel des Schlan- gengottes Kukulkan im Zentrum der Ruinenstadt Chichén Itzá ist eines der größten Heiligtümer der alten Maya-Kul- tur. Angeblich sagt deren Kalender den Weltuntergang für den 21. Dezember die- sen Jahres voraus – reine Paranoia. Tomasz ieses Dokument ist ur Wagner. D interstellarum 85 • Dezember/Januar 2013 1 Inhalt 34 Hintergrund Technik Hauptartikel Test 12 Paranoia 2012 46 Canons Astro-DSLR Die Maya und der Weltuntergang Die neue Astrokamera Canon 17 Astro-Wissen EOS 60Da im Vergleich mit dem Der Maya-Kalender Vorgänger 20Da Schlagzeilen Astrofotografi e 8 Curiosity beginnt seine Marstour 52 Welten in Bewegung 9 Sonne unerwartet rund Die Animation 9 O-Sterne bilden oft Paare von Planetenaufnahmen Der Riesen- 10 Raumfahrt aktuell Selbstbau Deutscher »Maulwurf« fl iegt zum Mars 56 Spiegelschleifen 2.0 . planet ruft t Der Selbstbau einer Maschine zum g Himmel Schleifen von Teleskopspiegeln 38 Ereignisse 60 Technik-Wissen Wann steht eine Reinigung des Riesenplanet am Abendhimmel Kamerainneren an? 18 Jupiter in Opposition ist untersa g am 3. Dezember Beobachtungen 18 Vesta und Ceres in Opposition am 9. reitun Rückblick und 18. Dezember b 19 Geminiden-Maximum am 62 Perseiden 14. Dezember Wettbewerb 19 Kleinplanet Lictoria bedeckt θ1 Tauri am 27. Dezember 63 Astrofotograf des Jahres 2013 Sonnensystem 22 Sonne aktuell First Light Analog vs. digital Das Maximum verschiebt sich 64 Die letzte Chance genutzt! 23 Planeten aktuell Objekte der Saison Jupiter auf den Kopf gestellt 52 24 Kometen aktuell 66 M 45 / NGC 1333 C/2012 K5 (LINEAR) in Erdnähe Galerie Sternhimmel 70 Astrofotos unserer Leser Zwischen Kapella und Sirius Service 27 Astronomie mit bloßem Auge Flying Minnow nur zu privaten Zwecken. Die Weiterver Rezensionen g 28 Astronomie mit dem Fernglas 72 Engineering, Design and 53/55 Cancri Construction of Portable 28 Objekt der Saison Newtonian Telescopes NGC 1981 73 Zwilling, Stier und Großer Bär 29 Objekt der Saison 73 iPad-App: Brian Cox's Wonders of ützt. Nutzun NGC 1535 h the Universe Welten in Bewegung 30 Deep-Sky-Herausforderung esc g Astro-Markt NGC 2444/2445 10 Kleinanzeigen h 56 Praxis 73 Gewerbliche Anzeigen tlic h Planeten 1 fokussiert errec 34 Der Riesenplanet ruft 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis b e Jupiter 2012 beobachten 80 Vorschau, Impressum, Leserhinweise h 38 Analog vs. digital Jupiterfotografi e einst und jetzt Deep-Sky 40 100 Quadratgrad Himmel Ein Streifzug durch den Südwesten der Giraff e 44 Praxis-Wissen Spiegelschleifen 2.0 Warum leuchtet der Vollmond ieses Dokument ist ur besonders hell? D 2 interstellarum 85 • Dezember/Januar 2013 ■ ■ ■ ■ Außerdem: Themen: (9.11.2012) 12 Nr. Ausgabe www.interstellarum.de Internet. Sie können sie kostenlos auf im Fernsehsendung astronomische »interstellarum Sternstunde« ist die STERN Ereignisse aufVorschau astronomische in Bildund Ton Neuigkeiten ausder Forschung montierung Vixen Polarie interstellarum packt Reise- aus: Infrarot-Kameras mit machen Seeing: Luftturbulenzen sichtbar STUNDE ansehen. DIE 2012 Die neue Astrokamera Canon EOS 60Da 60Da EOS Canon Astrokamera neue Die im Vergleich mit dem Vorgänger 20Da Vorgänger dem mit Vergleich im Canons Astro-DSLR Die Maya und der Weltuntergang -PARANOIA inter stellarum 85 stellarum •Dezember/Januar 2013 Inhalt 46 12 3 Diesess Dokokument isist ururheh beberrrrecechth lilich geseschütztzt. Nutzung nuur zuu privateten 6 Zweecckeen. Diei Weie tet rvrvere breitutung istst unttere sagtg . Dieses Dokument ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Nutzung nur zu privaten Zwecken. Die Weiterverbreitung ist untersagt. Dieses Dokument ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Nutzung nur zu privaten Zwecken. Die Weiterverbreitung ist untersagt. Dieses Dokument ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Nutzung nur zu privaten Zwecken. Die Weiterverbreitung ist untersagt. Dieses Dokument ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Nutzung nur zu privaten Zwecken. Die Weiterverbreitung ist untersagt. Schlagzeilen von Daniel Fischer Curiosity beginnt seine Marstour as Glück mit all ihren Marsfahrzeugen D hat die NASA auch bei ihrem mit Ab- stand größtem nicht verlassen: Nachdem die Ankunft des Mars Science Laboratory alias Curiosity am 6. August in nahezu jedem Detail genau dem komplizierten Drehbuch Hintergrund (vgl. interstellarum 84) gefolgt war, setzte . t sich der Rover schon bald in Bewegung. Ab- g gesehen von einem Umweg über die geolo- gisch im Wortsinne aufschlussreiche Region »Glenelg« nur 400m von der Landestelle »Bradbury Landing« entfernt, ist das Ziel der ist untersa Aeolis Mons, genauer gesagt das »gelobte g Land« am Fuße dieses gewaltigen zentralen Berges des alten 150km-Kraters Gale. Er ist reitun nicht bei dem Einschlag entstanden, der ihn b formte, sondern der Überrest von Sedimen- ten, die ihn später bis zum Rand aufgefüllt hatten und hier Jahrmilliarden Erosion über- standen haben. Erst Anfang 2013 dürfte Cu- riosity seine ersten Ausläufer erreichen: Vor- her geht die Fahrt über den wie erhoff t leicht zu passierenden Kraterboden, der kürzlich den wissenschaftlichen Namen Aeolis Palus erhielt. So wie auch große Berge werden solche Tiefebenen auf dem Mars interna- tionalen Regeln gemäß nach historischen Albedostrukturen der Region benannt, was zugleich den Gale-Berg automatisch zum Aeolis Mons gemacht hat. Nach der perfekten Landung sorgten zu- nächst die vielen Kameras auf dem Rover für nur zu privaten Zwecken. Die Weiterver g die täglichen Neuigkeiten, die schrittweise Curiositys Umwelt enthüllten: Aeolis Palus wird fl ächendeckend von oft bizarr geform- NASA/JPL-CALTECH/MSSS ten Steinen dominiert, die vermutlich vor langer Zeit angeschwemmt wurden und an ützt. Nutzun Abb. 1: Der Blick Richtung »gelobtes Land« mit der Telekamera Curiositys, die 100mm Brenn- denen sich dann der Marswind zu schaff en h weite hat – der fernste Punkt, schon im Dunst, ist 16km entfernt. gemacht hat. Viele von ihnen hat bereits das esc g h Abb. 2: Vorher- und Nachher-Aufnahmen tlic des Bodenstücks »Beechey«, das am 25. Au- h gust 250-mal mit dem Laser der ChemCam ge- troff en wurde. Die fünf resultierenden Löcher errec b sind 2mm bis 4mm groß. e h Surftipps NASA/JPL-CALTECH/LANL/ CNES/IRAP/LPGN/CNRS NASA/JPL-CALTECH/LANL/ Curiosity Homepage: mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl Alle Rohbilder: curiositymsl.com/table/view Ausgewählte Bilder: galegazette.wordpress.com ieses Dokument ist ur D 8 interstellarum 85 • Dezember/Januar 2013 Visier genommen, die Laserkanone die »Chem- genommen, Visier fraglos populärste Instrument Curiositys ins Offenen Sternhaufen herausgestellt, dass matischen Durchmusterung von sechs nahen bedeutende Rolle. Nunhatsichbei der syste- klasse Ofür die Entwicklung von Galaxien eine kurzen Lebens spielen die Sterne der Spektral- ihres Supernova-Explosionenund Ende am extremem Sonne, der nenfachen Sternwind massen, Leuchtkräften vom 30000- bis millio- Sonnen- 20000 gehört über aber 15 mit dazu, von einer einmal gerade Sternen, allen unter bildenoftO-Sterne Paare auch erklären oder womöglich – wird sein knapp dersichtbaren zu Photosphäre unter Sonneninneren des Rotation langsamere ausgesagt bis –magdurcheine 10% um3% ger alsvon aktuellen Sonnenmodellen vor- von nurrund 25km –umein Viertel gerin- Abplattung geringe Die hatten. gedeutet frühere Messungen vomErdboden
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