First Shallow Record of Bathyphysa Conifera (Studer, 1878) (Siphonophora, Cystonectae), a Live Specimen in the Strait of Gibraltar
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Diversity and Community Structure of Pelagic Cnidarians in the Celebes and Sulu Seas, Southeast Asian Tropical Marginal Seas
Deep-Sea Research I 100 (2015) 54–63 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Deep-Sea Research I journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dsri Diversity and community structure of pelagic cnidarians in the Celebes and Sulu Seas, southeast Asian tropical marginal seas Mary M. Grossmann a,n, Jun Nishikawa b, Dhugal J. Lindsay c a Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Tancha 1919-1, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan b Tokai University, 3-20-1, Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-8610, Japan c Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan article info abstract Article history: The Sulu Sea is a semi-isolated, marginal basin surrounded by high sills that greatly reduce water inflow Received 13 September 2014 at mesopelagic depths. For this reason, the entire water column below 400 m is stable and homogeneous Received in revised form with respect to salinity (ca. 34.00) and temperature (ca. 10 1C). The neighbouring Celebes Sea is more 19 January 2015 open, and highly influenced by Pacific waters at comparable depths. The abundance, diversity, and Accepted 1 February 2015 community structure of pelagic cnidarians was investigated in both seas in February 2000. Cnidarian Available online 19 February 2015 abundance was similar in both sampling locations, but species diversity was lower in the Sulu Sea, Keywords: especially at mesopelagic depths. At the surface, the cnidarian community was similar in both Tropical marginal seas, but, at depth, community structure was dependent first on sampling location Marginal sea and then on depth within each Sea. Cnidarians showed different patterns of dominance at the two Sill sampling locations, with Sulu Sea communities often dominated by species that are rare elsewhere in Pelagic cnidarians fi Community structure the Indo-Paci c. -
Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service V.55
CHAPTER VIII SPONGES, COELENTERATES, AND CTENOPHORES Blank page retained for pagination THE PORIFERA OF THE GULF OF MEXICO 1 By J. Q. TIERNEY. Marine Laboratory, University of Miami Sponges are one of the dominant sessile inverte groups. The. floor of the Gulf between the bars brate groups in the Gulf of Mexico: they extend is sparsely populated. The majority of the ani from the intertidal zone down to the deepest mals and plants are concentrated on the rocky Parts of the basin, and almost all of the firm or ledges and outcroppings. rocky sections of the bottom provide attachment The most abundant sponges on these reefs are for them. of several genera representing most of the orders Members of the class Hyalospongea. (Hexacti of the class Demospongea. Several species of nellidea) are, almost without exception, limited to Ircinia are quite common as are Verongia, Sphecio the deeper waters of the Gulf beyond the 100 spongia, and several Axinellid and Ancorinid fathom curve. These sponges possess siliceous sponges; Cliona is very abundant, boring into spicules in which (typically) six rays radiate from molluscan shells, coral, and the rock itself. The II. central point; frequently, the spicules are fused sponge population is rich both in variety and in ~gether forming a basket-like skeleton. Spongin number of individuals; for this reason no attempt 18 never present in this group. is made to discuss it in taxonomic detail in this In contrast to the Hyalospongea, representa r~sum~. ti\Tes of the clasa Calcispongea are seldom, if Some of the sponges of the Gulf are of world ~\Ter, found in deep water. -
The Evolution of Siphonophore Tentilla for Specialized Prey Capture in the Open Ocean
The evolution of siphonophore tentilla for specialized prey capture in the open ocean Alejandro Damian-Serranoa,1, Steven H. D. Haddockb,c, and Casey W. Dunna aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; bResearch Division, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039; and cEcology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 Edited by Jeremy B. C. Jackson, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, and approved December 11, 2020 (received for review April 7, 2020) Predator specialization has often been considered an evolutionary makes them an ideal system to study the relationships between “dead end” due to the constraints associated with the evolution of functional traits and prey specialization. Like a head of coral, a si- morphological and functional optimizations throughout the organ- phonophore is a colony bearing many feeding polyps (Fig. 1). Each ism. However, in some predators, these changes are localized in sep- feeding polyp has a single tentacle, which branches into a series of arate structures dedicated to prey capture. One of the most extreme tentilla. Like other cnidarians, siphonophores capture prey with cases of this modularity can be observed in siphonophores, a clade of nematocysts, harpoon-like stinging capsules borne within special- pelagic colonial cnidarians that use tentilla (tentacle side branches ized cells known as cnidocytes. Unlike the prey-capture apparatus of armed with nematocysts) exclusively for prey capture. Here we study most other cnidarians, siphonophore tentacles carry their cnidocytes how siphonophore specialists and generalists evolve, and what mor- in extremely complex and organized batteries (3), which are located phological changes are associated with these transitions. -
A New Computing Environment for Modeling Species Distribution
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH RECOGNIZED WORLDWIDE Botany, ecology, zoology, plant and animal genetics. In these and other sub-areas of Biological Sciences, Brazilian scientists contributed with results recognized worldwide. FAPESP,São Paulo Research Foundation, is one of the main Brazilian agencies for the promotion of research.The foundation supports the training of human resources and the consolidation and expansion of research in the state of São Paulo. Thematic Projects are research projects that aim at world class results, usually gathering multidisciplinary teams around a major theme. Because of their exploratory nature, the projects can have a duration of up to five years. SCIENTIFIC OPPORTUNITIES IN SÃO PAULO,BRAZIL Brazil is one of the four main emerging nations. More than ten thousand doctorate level scientists are formed yearly and the country ranks 13th in the number of scientific papers published. The State of São Paulo, with 40 million people and 34% of Brazil’s GNP responds for 52% of the science created in Brazil.The state hosts important universities like the University of São Paulo (USP) and the State University of Campinas (Unicamp), the growing São Paulo State University (UNESP), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Federal University of ABC (ABC is a metropolitan region in São Paulo), Federal University of São Carlos, the Aeronautics Technology Institute (ITA) and the National Space Research Institute (INPE). Universities in the state of São Paulo have strong graduate programs: the University of São Paulo forms two thousand doctorates every year, the State University of Campinas forms eight hundred and the University of the State of São Paulo six hundred. -
BIO 221 Invertebrate Zoology I Spring 2010
BIO 221 Invertebrate Zoology I Spring 2010 Stephen M. Shuster Northern Arizona University http://www4.nau.edu/isopod Lecture 10 From Collins et al. 2006 From Collins et al. 2006 1 Cnidarian Classes Hydrozoa Scyphozoa Medusozoa Cubozoa Stauromedusae Anthozoa Class Hydrozoa 1.Includes over 2,700 species, many freshwater. 2. Generally thought to be most ancestral, but recent DNA evidence suggests this may not be so. Class Hydrozoa Trachyline Hydrozoa seem most ancestral – within the Hydrozoa. 1. seem to have mainly medusoid life stage 2. character (1): assumption of metagenesis 2 Class Hydrozoa Trachyline Hydrozoa seem most ancestral. 1. seem to have mainly medusoid life stage 2. character (1): assumption of metagenesis Class Hydrozoa Other autapomorphies (see lab manual): i. 4 rayed symmetry. ii. ectodermal gonads iii. medusae with velum. iv. no gastric septa v. external skeleton if present. vi. no stomadaeum vii. freshwater or marine habitats. Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 1. Order Trachylina - reduced polyps, probably polyphyletic . Voragonema pedunculata, collected by submersible at about 2700' deep in the Bahamas. 3 Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 2. Order Hydroida - the "seaweeds.“ a. Suborder Anthomedusae - also Athecata, Aplanulata, Capitata. b. Suborder Leptomedusae - also Thecata Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 3. Order Miliporina - fire corals. 4. Order Stylasterina - similar to fire corals; hold medusae. 4 Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 5. Order Siphonophora - floating colonies of polyps and medusae. Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 6. Order Chondrophora - floating colonies of polyps Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 7. Order Actinulida (Aplanulata)- solitary polyps, no medusae, no planulae 5 Order Trachylina Trachymedusae includes Lirope a. resemble the medusae of Gonionemus, 1. -
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Contributions to Zoology, 70 (3) 175-179 (2001) SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague Short notes and reviews classification: of the Simplifying hydrozoan inappropriateness group Hydroidomedusae in a phylogenetic context Antonio+C. Marques Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, e-mail: [email protected] Keywords:: Hydrozoa, Hydroidomedusae, classification, nomenclature, taxonomy Abstract ated classifications and models of phylogeny si- multaneously. In phonetics, classifications reflect The systematics ofHydrozoa is consideredfrom the viewpoint overall similarity, not necessarily phylogeny (Hull, of logical consistency between phylogeny and classification. 1988: 122; Mayr and Ashlock, 1991: 128). With The validity of the nominal taxon Hydroidomedusae (includ- regard to the higher levels of hydrozoan classifi- all of the is dis- ing groups Hydrozoa except Siphonophorae) cation, no cladistic or phenetic classifications have cussed with regard to its distinctness and inclusive relationships. In been proposed. All classifications seem general, phylogenetic systematic evidence suggest that the hydrozoan use of the is term Hydroidomedusae inappropriate given our to be based on gradistic or essentialistic principles, current level of It is concluded that understanding. no new, or although the majority of their proponents would names until broader resurrected, are necessary before or a not characterize -
Pelagic Cnidarians in the Boka Kotorska Bay, Montenegro (South Adriatic)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE ISSN: 0001-5113 ACTA ADRIAT., UDC: 593.74: 574.583 (262.3.04) AADRAY 53(2): 291 - 302, 2012 (497.16 Boka Kotorska) “ 2009/2010” Pelagic cnidarians in the Boka Kotorska Bay, Montenegro (South Adriatic) Branka PESTORIĆ*, Jasmina kRPO-ĆETkOVIĆ2, Barbara GANGAI3 and Davor LUČIĆ3 1Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. Box 69, Dobrota bb, 85330 Kotor, Montenegro 2Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 3Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik, Kneza Damjana Jude 12, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Planktonic cnidarians were investigated at six stations in the Boka Kotorska Bay from March 2009 to June 2010 by vertical hauls of plankton net from bottom to surface. In total, 12 species of hydromedusae and six species of siphonophores were found. With the exception of the instant blooms of Obelia spp. (341 ind. m-3 in December), hydromedusae were generally less frequent and abundant: their average and median values rarely exceed 1 ind. m-3. On the contrary, siphonophores were both frequent and abundant. The most numerous were Muggiaea kochi, Muggiaea atlantica, and Sphaeronectes gracilis. Their total number was highest during the spring-summer period with a maximum of 38 ind. m-3 observed in May 2009 and April 2010. M. atlantica dominated in the more eutrophicated inner area, while M. kochi was more numerous in the outer area, highly influenced by open sea waters. This study confirms a shift of dominant species within the coastal calycophores in the Adriatic Sea observed from 1996: autochthonous M. -
CURRICULUM VITAE NAME: (Dr.) Dhugal John Lindsay BORN
CURRICULUM VITAE NAME: (Dr.) Dhugal John Lindsay BORN: 30 March 1971; Rockhampton, Australia CURRENT ADDRESS: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC) 2-15 Natsushima-Cho Yokosuka, 237 Japan telephone: (046) 867-9563 telefax: (046) 867-9525 E-mail: [email protected] EDUCATION: University of Tokyo, Tokyo (1993-1998) Ph.D. in Aquatic Biology conferred July, 1998. M. Sc. in Agriculture and Life Sciences conferred March, 1995. University of Queensland, Brisbane (1989-1992) B.Sc. in Molecular Biology conferred December, 1992. (gpa: 6.5 of 7.0) B.A. in Japanese Studies conferred December, 1992. (gpa: 6.5 of 7.0) North Rockhampton State High School, Rockhampton (1984-1988) School Dux, 1988. CURRENT POSITIONS: October 2001 - present, Research Scientist, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC) August 2003 – present, Senior Lecturer (adjunct), Centre for Marine Studies, University of Queensland June 2006 – present, Associate Professor (adjunct), Yokohama Municipal University April 2007- present, Lecturer (adjunct), Nagasaki University April 2009 – present, Associate Professor (adjunct), Kitasato University April 2009 – present, Science and Technology Advisor, Yokohama Science Frontier High School PREVIOUS POSITION: May 1997 - October 2001, Associate Researcher, Japan Marine Science & Technology Center OBJECTIVE: A position in an organization where my combination of scientific expertise and considerable Japanese language and public relations skills is invaluable. PUBLICATIONS: In English Lindsay, D.J., Yoshida, H., Uemura, K., Yamamoto, H., Ishibashi, S., Nishikawa, J., Reimer, J.D., Fitzpatrick, R., Fujikura, K. and T. Maruyama. The untethered remotely-operated vehicle PICASSO-1 and its deployment from chartered dive vessels for deep sea surveys off Okinawa, Japan, and Osprey Reef, Coral Sea, Australia. -
Benthic Data Sheet
DEMERSAL OTTER/BEAM TRAWL DATA SHEET RESEARCH VESSEL_____________________(1/20/13 Version*) CLASS__________________;DATE_____________;NAME:___________________________; DEVICE DETAILS_________ LOCATION (OVERBOARD): LAT_______________________; LONG______________________________ LOCATION (AT DEPTH): LAT_______________________; LONG_____________________________; DEPTH___________ LOCATION (START UP): LAT_______________________; LONG______________________________;.DEPTH__________ LOCATION (ONBOARD): LAT_______________________; LONG______________________________ TIME: IN______AT DEPTH_______START UP_______SURFACE_______.DURATION OF TRAWL________; SHIP SPEED__________; WEATHER__________________; SEA STATE__________________; AIR TEMP______________ SURFACE TEMP__________; PHYS. OCE. NOTES______________________; NOTES_______________________________ INVERTEBRATES Phylum Porifera Order Pennatulacea (sea pens) Class Calcarea __________________________________ Family Stachyptilidae Class Demospongiae (Vase sponge) _________________ Stachyptilum superbum_____________________ Class Hexactinellida (Hyalospongia- glass sponge) Suborder Subsessiliflorae Subclass Hexasterophora Family Pennatulidae Order Hexactinosida Ptilosarcus gurneyi________________________ Family Aphrocallistidae Family Virgulariidae Aphrocallistes vastus ______________________ Acanthoptilum sp. ________________________ Other__________________________________________ Stylatula elongata_________________________ Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata) Virgularia sp.____________________________ Other_______________________________________ -
Downloaded from Genbank (Table S1)
water Article Integrated Taxonomy for Halistemma Species from the Northwest Pacific Ocean Nayeon Park 1 , Andrey A. Prudkovsky 2,* and Wonchoel Lee 1,* 1 Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.A.P.); [email protected] (W.L.) Received: 16 October 2020; Accepted: 20 November 2020; Published: 22 November 2020 Abstract: During a survey of the siphonophore community in the Kuroshio Extension, Northwest Pacific Ocean, a new Halistemma Huxley, 1859 was described using integrated molecular and morphological approaches. The Halistemma isabu sp. nov. nectophore is most closely related morphologically to H. striata Totton, 1965 and H. maculatum Pugh and Baxter, 2014. These species can be differentiated by their nectosac shape, thrust block size, ectodermal cell patches and ridge patterns. The new species’ bracts are divided into two distinct types according to the number of teeth. Type A bracts are more closely related to ventral bracts in H. foliacea (Quoy and Gaimard, 1833) while Type B bracts are more similar to H. rubrum (Vogt, 1852). Each type differs, however, from the proximal end shape, distal process and bracteal canal. Both of the new species’ morphological type and phylogenetic position within the genus Halistemma are supported by phylogenetic analysis of concatenated DNA dataset (mtCOI, 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA). Integrated morphological and molecular approaches to the taxonomy of siphonophores showed a clear delimitation of the new species from the congeners. Halistemma isabu sp. nov. is distributed with the congeners H. -
Is the Structure of Benthic Megafaunal Communities in the Gulf of California Influenced by Oxygen Levels
Characterization of deep sea benthic megafaunal communities observed in the Gulf of California Beatriz E. Mejía-Mercado, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California - CICESE Mentors: Jim Barry and Linda Kuhnz Summer 2015 Keywords: Benthic organisms, Gulf of California, Megafauna, Oxygen Minimum Zones, Environmental variables ABSTRACT We characterized the deep sea benthic megafaunal communities observed in the Gulf of California (GOC) in order to understand their structure and determine any possible influence of environmental variables on density and diversity. For this purpose we analyzed benthic video transect of seven dives in the GOC conducted between 345–1,357 m depth. The organisms were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Their geographic location was recorded (longitude and latitude) as well as environmental data such as depth, temperature, salinity, and oxygen. Habitat was classified by substrate type, rugosity, and bioturbation. In addition, the abundance of individual organisms was quantified and the abundance of very dense organisms was estimated. Because the depth range of individual dives was highly variable, abundance and richness were estimated within seven oxygen ranges. Density was estimated based on the length of the dive and depth range. Oxygen profiles were constructed to visualize the OMZs at these sites in the Gulf of California. The oxygen plot showed the higher values for north and the shallower OMZ for south. We observed a total of 28,979 organisms belonging to 125 species and 8 phyla. Echinodermata 1 was the most abundant phyla represented by Ophiuroidea and observed in all locations over entire depth and oxygen range. -
CNIDARIA Corals, Medusae, Hydroids, Myxozoans
FOUR Phylum CNIDARIA corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans STEPHEN D. CAIRNS, LISA-ANN GERSHWIN, FRED J. BROOK, PHILIP PUGH, ELLIOT W. Dawson, OscaR OcaÑA V., WILLEM VERvooRT, GARY WILLIAMS, JEANETTE E. Watson, DENNIS M. OPREsko, PETER SCHUCHERT, P. MICHAEL HINE, DENNIS P. GORDON, HAMISH J. CAMPBELL, ANTHONY J. WRIGHT, JUAN A. SÁNCHEZ, DAPHNE G. FAUTIN his ancient phylum of mostly marine organisms is best known for its contribution to geomorphological features, forming thousands of square Tkilometres of coral reefs in warm tropical waters. Their fossil remains contribute to some limestones. Cnidarians are also significant components of the plankton, where large medusae – popularly called jellyfish – and colonial forms like Portuguese man-of-war and stringy siphonophores prey on other organisms including small fish. Some of these species are justly feared by humans for their stings, which in some cases can be fatal. Certainly, most New Zealanders will have encountered cnidarians when rambling along beaches and fossicking in rock pools where sea anemones and diminutive bushy hydroids abound. In New Zealand’s fiords and in deeper water on seamounts, black corals and branching gorgonians can form veritable trees five metres high or more. In contrast, inland inhabitants of continental landmasses who have never, or rarely, seen an ocean or visited a seashore can hardly be impressed with the Cnidaria as a phylum – freshwater cnidarians are relatively few, restricted to tiny hydras, the branching hydroid Cordylophora, and rare medusae. Worldwide, there are about 10,000 described species, with perhaps half as many again undescribed. All cnidarians have nettle cells known as nematocysts (or cnidae – from the Greek, knide, a nettle), extraordinarily complex structures that are effectively invaginated coiled tubes within a cell.