DOCSLIB.ORG

Proceedings International Polar Diving Workshop

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proceedings International Polar Diving Workshop PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL POLAR DIVING WORKSHOP NY-ÅLESUND, SVALBARD MARCH 15-21, 2007 Smithsonian Lang, M.A. and M.D.J. Sayer (eds.) 2007. Proceedings of the International Polar Diving Workshop. Svalbard, March 15-21, 2007. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. 213 pp. Copyright 2007 by Smithsonian Institution PO Box 37012 – MRC 009 Washington, DC 20013-7012 USA All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, pdf, or any other means without written permission from the publisher. The publication of this document was sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution Office of the Under Secretary for Science, the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs, the NERC Facility for Scientific Diving, and Diving Unlimited International, Inc. The U.S. Government is authorized to produce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding the copyright annotation that appears above. Opinions and data presented at the Workshop and in the Proceedings are those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Smithsonian Institution, National Science Foundation, U.K. National Facility for Scientific Diving, or Diving Unlimited International, Inc. Cover: Emperor penguin tracks heading South in Antarctica (left) Polar bear tracks heading North in Svalbard (right) Cover photo provided courtesy of Langdon B. Quetin Ultimate IPDW quote: “It’s better to finish your dive before you finish your gas…” Roberto “Bob” Palozzi PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL POLAR DIVING WORKSHOP NY-ÅLESUND, SVALBARD MARCH 15-21, 2007 Smithsonian CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…iii WELCOME…iv 1. Introductory session DRYSUIT DIVING MICHAEL A. LANG …….…………………………..................................................1 2. Equipment session A REVIEW OF DIVER THERMAL PROTECTION STRATEGIES FOR POLAR DIVING: PRESENT AND FUTURE ROBERT T. STINTON ……..……………………………………………………...13 SCUBA REGULATORS FOR USE IN COLD WATER: THE U.S. NAVY PERSPECTIVE JOHN R. CLARKE ………….……………………………………………………..35 Equipment discussion session …………….………………………………………………...44 3. Decompression session COLD WATER DECOMPRESSION SERGIO ANGELINI ……..………………………………………………………..55 COLD STRESS AS DCS FACTOR PETER H.J. MUELLER ………………………………………….………………63 Decompression discussion session …………………………………………………………73 4. Scientific diving session NORWAY’S POLAR RESEARCH: A SELECTIVE OVERVIEW HAAKON HOP …………………..……………………………………………..…83 UNDER SEA ICE DIVING OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT BY UK ORGANISATIONS IN SUPPORT OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH MARTIN D.J. SAYER, KEIRON P.P. FRASER, TRACY M. SHIMMIELD AND JEREMY P. WILKINSON …..…..…………………………………...………..95 PACK ICE DIVING LANGDON B. QUETIN AND ROBIN M. ROSS ..…..………………………...…......111 USAP SCIENTIFIC DIVING PROGRAM MICHAEL A. LANG AND ROB ROBBINS …..………………………………...…..133 ANTARCTICA NEW ZEALAND DIVING ACTIVITY STEVE MERCER ………………………………………………………..………157 ANTARCTIC INLAND WATERS: SCIENTIFIC DIVING IN THE PERENNIALLY ICE- COVERED LAKES OF THE MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS AND BUNGER HILLS DALE T. ANDERSEN ………………………………………………………….….163 FINLAND’S ICE DIVING RESEARCH JUHA FLINKMAN ………..……………………………………………..………171 CANADIAN ARCTIC SCIENCE DIVING JEREMY W. STEWART ……………………………………………………..…..175 i ICE AMPHIPODS IN DRIFTING SEA ICE AROUND SVALBARD: QUANTITATIVE COLLECTIONS BY SCUBA DIVERS HAAKON HOP AND OLGA PAVLOVA ……………………………………………181 Scientific diving discussion session .………………..……………………………………187 5. General discussion session THE COMPARATIVE INCIDENCE OF DECOMPRESSION ILLNESS IN ANTARCTIC SCIENTIFIC DIVERS MARTIN D.J. SAYER, MICHAEL A. LANG, AND STEVE MERCER …….…………..191 USCG HEALY DIVING MISHAP MICHAEL A. LANG ...……………………………………………………………197 General discussion A. SNORKELING WITH KILLER WHALES ….……………………………………….201 B. USCG HEALY DIVING MISHAP COMMENTS ...…….…………………………….201 C. IPDW DIVE COMPUTER USE ..……..………………………………………………202 D. SCIENTIFIC ICE DIVER TRAINING/CERTIFICATION ……..…………………….203 E. COMMENTARY DICK LONG ………….………………………………………………………….205 6. Conclusion session Discussion …….……….………………………………………………………….………..209 Consensus Recommendations ………………………………………………………..……211 7. IPDW Participants ………………………………………………………………………213 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to acknowledge and extend sincere appreciation to the International Polar Diving Workshop co-sponsors: Dr. Ira Rubinoff (Smithsonian Institution), Dr. Michael Montopoli (National Science Foundation), Dr. Martin D.J. Sayer (NERC Facility for Scientific Diving), Mr. Dick Long and Ms. Susan Long (Diving Unlimited International, Inc.). This international scientific diving workshop would not have been possible without their combined support. Workshop participants are thanked for their presentations and submission of manuscripts in a timely fashion. The short production time of these proceedings could not have happened without the full cooperation of the authors. The Workshop Co-Chairs take satisfaction in having assembled this expert panel of professionals who contributed their expertise in polar diving. The international, interdisciplinary nature of this project was evidenced by participation of colleagues from the military, commercial, recreational and scientific diving communities and the papers they presented. Participation from Scotland, Norway, Germany, Canada, Finland, New Zealand, Australia, Italy, Switzerland and the United States provided an international perspective in science, medicine, equipment engineering and manufacturing and polar scientific diving operational and safety considerations. The Workshop organizers are grateful for the assistance and support of many individuals, including: Hugh Brown and Simon Thurston (NFSD), Christian McDonald (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) and Rob Robbins (Raytheon Polar Services Company) for diving support; Dr. Peter H.J. Mueller (GTÜM e.V.) for diving medical support; Dr. Sergio Angelini and Emmanuel Glauser (UWATEC) for dive computer support; and, Arvid Påsche, Brit Gulvag, Bård Holand (Thelma, AS), Alf Brubakk (NUST), KingsBay staff, and Laurie Penland, Shelly Cole and Stacy Cavanagh (Smithsonian Institution) for administrative and logistical support. Finally, I thank my Workshop Co-Chair Martin Sayer. I enjoyed our collaboration, mutual interest in advancing the practice of polar scientific diving and his spirit(s) from Oban. All indications are that we succeeded in accomplishing our workshop objectives. However, we both agreed not to put ourselves in the position of leading another contribution from the scientific diving community during the next International Polar Year. Michael A. Lang Smithsonian Institution Workshop Co-Chair iii WELCOME We are pleased welcome all participants and open the 2007 International Polar Diving Workshop here at the new Arctic Marine Laboratory in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. Generous support has been provided for this re-assessment of polar scientific diving operations by the NSF Office of Polar Programs, the Smithsonian Institution, the NERC Facility for Scientific Diving and Diving Unlimited International, Inc. Approximately four decades ago scientists were first able to enter the undersea polar environment to make biological observations for a nominal period of time. Since those first ice dives in wetsuits without buoyancy compensators and double-hose regulators without submersible pressure gauges technology has advanced. Today’s scientific ice divers have the potential of extending their observational and experimental depths and times to limits never before available. Novel ice diving techniques have expanded the working envelope based on scientific need to include use of dive computers, oxygen-enriched air, rebreather units, blue- water diving and drysuit systems. With the advent of new technology greater scientific productivity is achieved while maintaining the scientific diving community’s exemplary safety record. The precursor to this diving safety research project is the 1991 Polar Diving Workshop (Lang and Stewart, eds., 1992, available online at www.si.edu/dive). Fifteen years of experience later we confront the need to re-evaluate and update those polar diving recommendations through the combined expertise of polar diving scientists, manufacturers of drysuits and dive computers, medical and decompression experts and diving safety officers. During this International Polar Year (March 2007-2009) an increased level of attention will be focused on the Arctic and Antarctica and this project constitutes a contribution from the international polar scientific diving community. In order to avoid working in isolation and re-inventing procedures this project is interdisciplinary in nature and international in scope including participants from the U.K., New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Norway, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Finland, Panama and the United States. Workshop agenda topics we will address include advances in: equipment technology for ice diving (e.g., thermal protection and regulator design, surface-supplied diving and dive computers), physiological knowledge of cold-water effects on decompression strategies, methods and techniques of under-ice research and operational and diver training procedures specific to the polar environments. Michael A. Lang Martin D.J. Sayer Workshop Co-Chair Workshop Co-Chair Smithsonian Institution NERC Facility for Scientific Diving U.S.A. Scotland iv iv DRYSUIT DIVING Michael A. Lang Smithsonian Institution Office of the Under Secretary for Science PO Box 37012, MRC 009 Washington, DC 20013-7012 U.S.A. The theoretical knowledge a drysuit diver must master involves several interrelated
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2019-20 Media Guide
    www.NAVYSPORTS.com NAVY SWIMMING & DIVING 2019-20 MEDIA GUIDE 2018 PATRIOT LEAGUE CHAMPIONS 2019-20 NAVY SWIMMING & DIVING Table of Contents Women’s Team Facts Men’s Team Facts Program Information 1 Coaching Staff Coaching Staff Coaching / Support Staff 2-7 Head Swimming Coach John Morrison Head Swimming Coach Bill Roberts 2019-20 Schedule / NCAA Meet Standards 8 Alma Mater North Carolina ‘93 Alma Mater Springfield ‘92 Year at Navy as Head Coach 16th Year at Navy as Head Coach 17th 2019-20 Women’s Team 9 Year at Navy 20th Year at Navy 20th Roster 9 Navy Record 138-36 (15 Seasons) Navy Record 169-56 (16 Seasons) Women’s Bios 10-19 Career Record 169-63 (18 Seasons) Career Record 208-93 (19 Seasons) Phone (410) 293-3081 Phone (410) 293-3012 E-Mail [email protected] E-Mail [email protected] 2019-20 Men Team 20 Head Diving Coach Rich MacDonald Head Diving Coach Rich MacDonald Roster 20 Alma Mater Rhode Island ‘97 Alma Mater Rhode Island ‘97 Men’s Bios 21-30 Year at Navy Seventh Year at Navy Seventh Phone (410) 293-2970 Phone (410) 293-2970 2018-19 Season in Review 31 E-Mail [email protected] E-Mail [email protected] Season Results / Event Victories 31 Assoc. Head Swimming Coach Rob Lias Jr. Assistant Swimming Coach Mark Liscinsky Championship Meet Results 32-37 Alma Mater Mount Union ‘00 Alma Mater American ‘04 Top Times 37 Year at Navy 14th Year at Navy Seventh Honors and Award Winners 38 Phone (410) 293-3013 Phone (410) 293-5834 E-Mail [email protected] E-Mail [email protected] History & Records 39 Women’s W-L Records / Captains / Coaches 39
    [Show full text]
  • (Ua) Scientific Diving Safety Manual
    UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA (UA) SCIENTIFIC DIVING SAFETY MANUAL AVAILABLE ON-LINE AT: http://www.uaf.edu/sfos/research/scientific-diving/ Revised 2/2019 Page 1 FOREWORD Since 1951 the scientific diving community has endeavored to promote safe, effective diving through self-imposed diver training and education programs. Over the years, manuals for diving safety have been circulated between organizations, revised and modified for local implementation, and have resulted in an enviable safety record. This document represents the minimal safety standards for scientific diving at the present day. As diving science progresses so must this standard, and it is the responsibility of every member of the Academy to see that it always reflects state of the art, safe diving practice. The policies, procedures and standards set forth in this Scientific Diving Safety Manual are intended to govern the training and diving operations of all personnel participating in the Scientific Diving Program at the University of Alaska (UA). It applies to all divers operating under UA auspices, including visiting divers, and to those UA Fairbanks, UA Anchorage, and UA Southeast campus officers responsible for the administration of this scuba program. Revision History May 1 1991 Revision July 1992 Revision January 1996 Revision January 2001 Revision May 2004 Revision January 2013 Revision October 2015 Revision February 2016 Revision May 2018 Revision February 2019 Revised 2/2019 Page 2 UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA DIVING CONTROL BOARD MEMBERS Brenda Konar (Dive Safety Officer) Joel Markis Professor Assistant Professor of Fisheries Technology University of Alaska Fairbanks Career Education Fairbanks, Alaska University of Alaska Southeast Phone: 907-474-5028 Sitka, Alaska E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 907-747-7760 E-mail: [email protected] Sherry Tamone (Chair) Tracey Martinson Professor of Biology University of Alaska Southeast Industrial Hygienist/Radiation Safety Officer Juneau, Alaska Environ.
    [Show full text]
  • Urinary Problems in Decompression Sickness*
    Paraplegia 23 (1985) 20-25 © 1985 International Medical Society of Paraplegia Urinary Problems in Decompression Sickness* Athanasios Dounis, M.D. and Dionisios Mitropoulos, M.D. The Naval Medical Hyperbaric Center) Piraeus Naval Hospital and Department of Urology) Athens Naval Hospital) Greece Summary The records of 25 patients with type II decompression sickness and urinary problems have been reviewed. Seventeen patients were professionals and 8 were above the age of 40. The disease appeared within the 1st hour of emergence from the water in 70% of the cases and within the first 4 hours in the remaining 30%. Nine patients were diagnosed as paraplegic and two as tetraplegic. All patients had urinary disturbances and 14 were on Foley-catheter drainage during the decompression while 11 were on intermittent catheterisation. Fifteen patients had improved urinary function after recompression) 8 had some difficulty) 2 underwent a sphincterotomy and one a transurethral prostatectomy. The low percentage of complete recovery was due to the delayed arrival at the decompression chamber. Key words: Diving; Decompression sickness; Urinary disturbances. Introduction Diving for sponge fishery is the main professional occupation of the young men in the South-East Aegean islands. Although the use of recompression has decreased the number of decompression sickness victims, patients with remaining neurological problems still present. During the last 20 years, although there is a decrease of the professional divers' accidents there is an increase of the number of patients with decompression sickness. This is due to the continuously increasing numbers of sport divers in Greece. In Greece, the field of underwater medicine is covered mainly by the Naval Medical Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Regulator Owner's Manual
    ® ® Regulator Owner’s Manual Regulator Owner’s Manual Manufactured by Apeks Marine Equipment Ltd. Neptune Way, Blackburn, Lancashire BB1 2BT England www.apeks.co.uk REGULATOR SERVICE RECORD MODEL______________________ DATE PURCHASED:____________________ Copyright Notice This owner’s manual is copyrighted, all rights reserved. It may not, in whole or in part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or DATE SERVICED:________________________ reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent in writing from Apeks. SERVICED BY:__________________________ DEALERAMP ©2004 Apeks PARTS CHANGED: ST Regulator Owner’s Manual __________________________________________________________________ Please read the instructions in this manual carefully before using your DATE SERVICED:________________________ regulator. SERVICED BY:__________________________ DEALERAMP Warnings, Cautions and Notes PARTS CHANGED: ST Pay special attention to information provided in warnings, cautions, and notes, that is accompanied by these symbols: __________________________________________________________________ DATE SERVICED:________________________ A WARNING indicates a procedure or situation that, if not avoided, could result in serious injury or death to the user. SERVICED BY:__________________________ DEALERAMP PARTS CHANGED: ST A CAUTION indicates any situation or technique that could cause damage to the product, and could subsequently result in __________________________________________________________________ injury to the user.
    [Show full text]
  • Requirements for Scientific Diver Certification
    Requirements for Scientific Diver Certification The steps to become a Certified Scientific Diver at the University of Washington (UW) are outlined below. 1. Obtain sponsorship for scientific diving by an appropriate University department or unit. Applicants who do not have a departmental sponsor and want to learn to be scientific divers can complete the Scientific Diver Course at UW Friday Harbor Labs. This course meets the requirements for full Scientific Diver certification as outlined below, and includes research projects for students to receive dive training. 2. Read the UW Diving Safety Manual. UW divers must understand and follow the safety, procedural, and medical requirements outlined in the manual and submit a signed copy of the Dive Manual Acknowledgement form. 3. Complete and submit the Diving Registration Form to the UW Diving Safety Officer (DSO). This form must be signed by the department official sponsoring the diver (e.g., principal investigator, department chair) . Submission of this form is a onetime requirement while at the UW. The form is resubmitted if any diver information changes. 4. Complete and submit documentation of recreational SCUBA diver training to UW DSO. Diving applicants must have completed a recreational SCUBA diving training course as a pre-requisite for scientific diving certification at the UW. Recreational SCUBA diving training must be provided by a nationally recognized organization (e.g., PADI, NAUI, SSI, IANTD, TDI). 5. Obtain Diving Medical Clearance from the UW Employee Health Center. Applicants will contact the UW Employee Health Center (EHC) to obtain necessary information for completing a dive physical and for transfer of medical records.
    [Show full text]
  • Inquest Finding
    Coroners Act 1996 [Section 26(1)] Western Australia RECORD OF INVESTIGATION INTO DEATH Ref No: 18/17 I, Barry Paul King, Coroner, having investigated the death of Jarrod Arthur Hampton with an inquest held at the Perth Coroner’s Court on 15 May 2017 to 18 May 2017 and on 22 May 2017 to 26 May 2017, find that the identity of the deceased person was Jarrod Arthur Hampton and that death occurred on 14 April 2012 in the waters of the Indian Ocean approximately 90 nautical miles south of Broome from drowning secondary to incapacitation from air embolism in the following circumstances: Counsel Appearing: Sergeant L Housiaux assisted the Coroner Ms G A Archer SC (instructed by Corrs Chambers Westgarth) and Mr N D Ellery appeared for Paspaley Pearling Company Pty Ltd Mr A Coote appeared for the deceased’s family Mr P Hopwood appeared for the Pearl Producers Association Ms H C Richardson (State Solicitors Office) appeared for WorkSafe Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 2 THE EVIDENCE ................................................................................................................ 4 THE DECEASED ............................................................................................................... 8 THE DECEASED’S DIVING BACKGROUND ....................................................................... 9 THE DECEASED’S SHOULDER AND PECTORALIS MAJOR .............................................. 10 THE DECEASED JOINS
    [Show full text]
  • Public Safety Scuba Diving
    Industry Guide 47 A Guide to Public Safety Diving N.C. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Division N.C. Department of Labor 1101 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1101 Cherie Berry Commissioner of Labor N.C. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Program Cherie Berry Commissioner of Labor OSHA State Plan Designee Kevin Beauregard Deputy Commissioner for Safety and Health Scott Mabry Assistant Deputy Commissioner for Safety and Health Tom Savage Standards Officer Author Acknowledgments A Guide to Public Safety Diving has been prepared with materials and information from the General Industry Standards, 29 CFR 1910, Subpart T—Commercial Diving Operations, and OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-151 (U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration). This guide also contains information from sources such as U.S. Navy Diving Manual, National Association of Search and Rescue, California Department Fish and Game Diving Safety Manual, and the National Fire Protection Association, NFPA 1670—Standard on Operations and Technical Search and Rescue. Through an existing alliance established between the N.C. Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Divi- sion and the North Carolina Public Safety Divers’ Association (PSDA), a collaborative effort was established to make this guide possible. The PSDA board of directors provided expertise involving public safety diving in sharing best practices and technical knowledge. A special thanks to Chuck Elgin, North Carolina Underwater Response Team, for his dedication and hard work assisting in the development of this publication. This guide is intended to be consistent with all existing OSHA standards; therefore, if an area is considered by the reader to be inconsistent with a standard, then the OSHA standard should be followed.
    [Show full text]
  • Subchapter V—Marine Occupational Safety and Health Standards
    SUBCHAPTER V—MARINE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS PART 197—GENERAL PROVISIONS 197.456 Breathing supply hoses. 197.458 Gages and timekeeping devices. 197.460 Diving equipment. Subpart A [Reserved] 197.462 Pressure vessels and pressure piping. Subpart B—Commercial Diving Operations RECORDS GENERAL 197.480 Logbooks. 197.482 Logbook entries. Sec. 197.484 Notice of casualty. 197.200 Purpose of subpart. 197.486 Written report of casualty. 197.202 Applicability. 197.488 Retention of records after casualty. 197.203 Right of appeal. 197.204 Definitions. Subpart C—Benzene 197.205 Availability of standards. 197.206 Substitutes for required equipment, 197.501 Applicability. materials, apparatus, arrangements, pro- 197.505 Definitions. cedures, or tests. 197.510 Incorporation by reference. 197.208 Designation of person-in-charge. 197.515 Permissible exposure limits (PELs). 197.210 Designation of diving supervisor. 197.520 Performance standard. 197.525 Responsibility of the person in EQUIPMENT charge. 197.300 Applicability. 197.530 Persons other than employees. 197.310 Air compressor system. 197.535 Regulated areas. 197.312 Breathing supply hoses. 197.540 Determination of personal exposure. 197.314 First aid and treatment equipment. 197.545 Program to reduce personal expo- 197.318 Gages and timekeeping devices. sure. 197.320 Diving ladder and stage. 197.550 Respiratory protection. 197.322 Surface-supplied helmets and masks. 197.555 Personal protective clothing and 197.324 Diver’s safety harness. equipment. 197.326 Oxygen safety. 197.560 Medical surveillance. 197.328 PVHO—General. 197.565 Notifying personnel of benzene haz- 197.330 PVHO—Closed bells. ards. 197.332 PVHO—Decompression chambers.
    [Show full text]
  • Dysbarism - Barotrauma
    DYSBARISM - BAROTRAUMA Introduction Dysbarism is the term given to medical complications of exposure to gases at higher than normal atmospheric pressure. It includes barotrauma, decompression illness and nitrogen narcosis. Barotrauma occurs as a consequence of excessive expansion or contraction of gas within enclosed body cavities. Barotrauma principally affects the: 1. Lungs (most importantly): Lung barotrauma may result in: ● Gas embolism ● Pneumomediastinum ● Pneumothorax. 2. Eyes 3. Middle / Inner ear 4. Sinuses 5. Teeth / mandible 6. GIT (rarely) Any illness that develops during or post div.ing must be considered to be diving- related until proven otherwise. Any patient with neurological symptoms in particular needs urgent referral to a specialist in hyperbaric medicine. See also separate document on Dysbarism - Decompression Illness (in Environmental folder). Terminology The term dysbarism encompasses: ● Decompression illness And ● Barotrauma And ● Nitrogen narcosis Decompression illness (DCI) includes: 1. Decompression sickness (DCS) (or in lay terms, the “bends”): ● Type I DCS: ♥ Involves the joints or skin only ● Type II DCS: ♥ Involves all other pain, neurological injury, vestibular and pulmonary symptoms. 2. Arterial gas embolism (AGE): ● Due to pulmonary barotrauma releasing air into the circulation. Epidemiology Diving is generally a safe undertaking. Serious decompression incidents occur approximately only in 1 in 10,000 dives. However, because of high participation rates, there are about 200 - 300 cases of significant decompression illness requiring treatment in Australia each year. It is estimated that 10 times this number of divers experience less severe illness after diving. Physics Boyle’s Law: The air pressure at sea level is 1 atmosphere absolute (ATA). Alternative units used for 1 ATA include: ● 101.3 kPa (SI units) ● 1.013 Bar ● 10 meters of sea water (MSW) ● 760 mm of mercury (mm Hg) ● 14.7 pounds per square inch (PSI) For every 10 meters a diver descends in seawater, the pressure increases by 1 ATA.
    [Show full text]
  • Bonaire English Mar 2015.Cdr
    Your Buddies on Bonaire Divers Paradise BELMAR BonaireOceanfront Apartments HOSPITALITY WITHOUT Dive, Relax & Explore LIMITS Caribbean Club Bonaire Contact your favorite travel specialist Bonaire, divers paradise Contents 3 About Bonaire 5 Island Highlights 6 Diving on Bonaire 7 Bonaire’s Dive Sites 8 Buddy Dive Resort 10 Buddy Dive Academy 11 Kids’ Activities 12 Kiteboarding & Windsurfing 13 Premier Dive Operation Buddy Dive’s Fleet 14 Belmar Oceanfront Apartments 16 Luxury, Romance & Weddings 18 Nature 20 Caribbean Club Bonaire 22 Outdoor Activities 23 Coral Restoration Foundation 24 Washington Slagbaai Park Safari 25 Technical Diving 26 Photography 27 Dining 28 Specials & Events 29 Quick Facts 30 Marine Life ID Dive, Relax & Explore BELMAR Bonaire BonaireOceanfront Apartments Kaya Gob. N. Debrot 85, Bonaire EEG Boulevard 88, Bonaire Santa Barbara Boulevard 50, Bonaire Dutch Caribbean Dutch Caribbean Dutch Caribbean International Reservations: International Reservations: International Reservations: +(599) 717 5080 (ext. 572) +(599) 717 5080 +(599) 717 5080 US/Canada Reservations: US/Canada Reservations: US/Canada Reservations: 1-866-GO-BUDDY 1-888-655-0605 1-800-906-7708 Fax: +(599) 717 5780 Fax: +(599) 717 7899 Fax: +(599) 717 7900 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.buddydive.com www.belmar-bonaire.com www.caribbeanclubbonaire.com Photography by: Federico Cabello, Martin Cicilia, Annie Crawley, Bob Edwards, Alcides Falanghe, John Wall, Martien van der Valk, Marcel Westerhoff, Beth Watson, Kids Sea Camp. Design: Sapias Holding Ltd. Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean. All rights reserved. Bonaire, diver’s paradise / 2 hatching area and its beaches. The clear waters are ideal for snorkeling and sunbathing. Diving, kayaking, Bonaire is an island small in size wide, also offers a variety of activities caving, snorkeling, mountain bik- but filled with dynamic opportunities for those who do not dive.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 23 ENVIRONMENTAL EXTREMES: ALTERNOBARIC
    Environmental Extremes: Alternobaric Chapter 23 ENVIRONMENTAL EXTREMES: ALTERNOBARIC RICHARD A. SCHEURING, DO, MS*; WILLIAM RAINEY JOHNSON, MD†; GEOFFREY E. CIARLONE, PhD‡; DAVID KEYSER, PhD§; NAILI CHEN, DO, MPH, MASc¥; and FRANCIS G. O’CONNOR, MD, MPH¶ INTRODUCTION DEFINITIONS MILITARY HISTORY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY Altitude Aviation Undersea Operations MILITARY APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY Altitude Aviation Undersea Operations HUMAN PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS Altitude Aviation Undersea Operations ONLINE RESOURCES FOR ALTERNOBARIC ENVIRONMENTS SUMMARY *Colonel, Medical Corps, US Army Reserve; Associate Professor, Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sci- ences, Bethesda, Maryland †Lieutenant, Medical Corps, US Navy; Undersea Medical Officer, Undersea Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland ‡Lieutenant, Medical Service Corps, US Navy; Research Physiologist, Undersea Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland §Program Director, Traumatic Injury Research Program; Assistant Professor, Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland ¥Colonel, Medical Corps, US Air Force; Assistant Professor, Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland ¶Colonel (Retired), Medical Corps, US Army; Professor and former Department Chair, Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences,
    [Show full text]
  • It's Not the Most Glamorous Job in the World, and It's Not the Highest Profile
    Tidal Thames.qxd 9/24/07 2:22 PM Page 8 n the bottom Thames Estuary. As commercial diving a falling tide, but leave them the diver, a stand-by diver and a Kevin said: “She gives us a large of the He rarely knows what goes, the PLA team doesn’t vulnerable on rising tides. So tender or dive assistant. deck area to work on and her speed’s Thames, the day will hold or, once go deep - typically around everything we do has to be timed They can dive from any vessel; very important. In an emergency we Mick he’s under the water, what eight to 20 metres. But poor precisely, according to where in the but they prefer to use their own may only have a narrow tidal window Russell is will loom out of the visibility and shifting river we’re expected to work.” specially designed boat PLA Diver. It to work in, if we miss it, we could be blind. darkness - driftwood, currents in some of the The divers get their jobs from was built in 1992 by Searle Williams waiting up to 11 hours before the The water’s disturbed wartime busiest port waters in either the PLA’s Marine Services team, on a Blyth 33 hull. At 10 metres long conditions are right again - so it’s thick with silt and, just a explosives, the occasional Britain, makes the Thames a Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) officers, and with a displacement of seven vital we get on scene quickly.” few inches from where he’s corpse.
    [Show full text]