The Green Rebellion

Notes on the Life and Times of American Hippies

By Louis Jolyon West, M. D. and James R. Allen, M. D. n 399 B .('. Socrates was prat to death by the order of the adopt the color out of sheer defiance ; that we assign it ( Athenian government . His crime? Corrupting the youth to them here is less a matter of political euphemism than of the city . The proof? Why, no proof was needed . The of poetic license. young people of Athens were behaving disgracefully. The Black Rebellion refers to what the community at They were questioning the old ways, doubting the old large discerns as the Negro Revolt in its more strenuous mores : even the nature of the Gods was being debated manifestations . Actually it is a sweeping change in the in the streets. They questioned the basis for the ongoing orientation and behavior of the Negro younger generation, Peloponnesian war. Many were neglecting their habits of representing as much a rebellion against the compromises dress and grooming in emulation of the aging scholar, and and traditions of the Negro older generation as against some were even scornful of the finery of the time. Many the white world. Here no poetry is required : the move- were defiant of their parents and their teachers . quoting ment calls itself Black with great pride. all manner of foolishness that they called "philosophy," The Hippies make up the Green Rebellion. The color, and pruning questions about life, human nature, and Greek from our brush, symbolizes its love of nature ("flower society that would have been embarrassing if they were children"), its verdantly ingenuous ideals, and, of course. not so obviously impertinent. its "grass ." In short, among a growing group of young people The similiarities among the three rebellions are super- (many of them from good families too) a most improper ficial ; the differences run deep and are immensely signi- rebelliousness was to be found--and this in wartime, when ficant. The Red Rebellion is political, theoretical, intellec- patriotism was of the essence if Athens was to prevail tual, and radical. The Black Rebellion is economic, social, against her enemies . And who was to blame? Obviously, racial, and activist . The Green Rebellion is cultural, re- the progressive educator. And so it was that Socrates was ligious, mystical . and (of all things) pharmacological . forced to drink the hemlock. There have been those who The participants in all three groups don costumes quite have wanted to exterminate Socratic educators ever since, different from the accepted garb of their parents: old because they seem to foment rebelliousness among the clothes, quaint garments, colorful motley, or the raiment youth of the day pry teaching them to question everything . of far-off lands and times ; battered sandals, outlandish Regardless of when is to be blamed (the returns are boots, or nothing at all on their feet. They sport strange still coming in) it is clear that rebellion is astir among the decorations, cabalistic artefacts, beads, bells, pins, labels . younger generation in America today, just as it has been signs and badges with messages bearing many meanings . in every generation since and before the Golden Age of And withall they favor a hirsute atavism that suggests Pericles. As always, the rebels represent a minority whose at best the elegantly bearded Renaissance, at most beatific influence transcends its size or its political and material the unbarbered Bible, and at worst the hairy Pleistocene. power. And, as always, the rebellion embraces elements that are timeless, and other elements that reflect the great ll three rebellions scorn the appurtenances of affluence issues of the day. A but for different reasons. The Red Rebels seem to pledge A society as complex, variegated, and transitional as sartorial allegiance to an historical and political symbol : the United States in 1967 could hardly expect the archi- the masses of the proletariat (now more often simply tecture of its current rebellion to show a monolithic same- called the poor and underprivileged) : button-down collars ness. Rather, there are several rebellions going cm at once. are for the bourgeois. Some Black Rebels wear old clothes Three of them are having a shocking impact on the Ameri- because that's all they possess : others, who enjoy better can consciousness. These three rebellions here are called economic fortune, wear overalls as a socio-economic sym- the Red, the Black, and the Green. bol of racial solidaritv . But the dress of the Green Repels The Red Rebellion refers to what has been called the is symbolically spiritual : old for the rejection of material- New Left. This is a loose confederation of individuals and ism and Of selfish affluence : colorful for the joy of psy- organizations that have in common a militantly activist chedelic self-realization ; and exotically trans-cultural for drive to institute sweeping if not revolutionary reforms the oneness of mankind and the appreciation of truths and changes in the government . The movement is labelled and insights to be found in a variety of religions all around "Red" only because of the halo effect from the traditional the world. color of bolshevism and the Internationale as seen by my Again, all three rebellions oppose the military involve- generation Actually . the voice of today's Underground ment of the United States in Vietnam. The Reds are Press reveals that the New Left has little use for ancient against it for historically political reasons ("Imperialism, organizations like the American Communist Party (most colonialism") . The Blacks are against it for socio-economic of whose members are over 30 if not over 60) . However. reasons ("A white racist war that squanders resources since their foes will inevitably call them Red, they may needed to correct ghetto conditions at home") . The Greens are against it, as they are against all strife and violence, Dr . West is professor and head, Department of Psychiatry Nenrol- ogy, and Behavioral Sciences, OU School of Medicine . Dr. Allen for spiritual reasons ("Love is what's happening, man : is assistant professor of child psychiatry, OU School of Medicine, like, it's nowhere to go around killing people'. ") . on leave of absence and presently Fellow, Laboratory of Commun- Today's Black Rebellion of the New Left has come ity Psychiatry, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mars . This article is based on studies supported in part from a grant more clearly into focus recently as groups such as the front the Foundations- Fund for Research in Psychiatry, Inc., by Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) have emerged Dr . West's Fellowship Award at the Center for Advanced Study as distinct from the civil rights movement and also from in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, Calif., and by NIMH Senior Stipend 1-F:3-35o6.3-01. the old socialist, communist, and radical labor groups n 399 B .('. Socrates was put to death by the order of the adopt the color out of sheer defiance ; that we assign it ( Athenian government . His crime? Corrupting the youth to them here is less a matter of political euphemism than of the city . The proof? Why, no proof was needed . The of poetic license. young people of Athens were behaving disgracefully. The Black Rebellion refers to what the community at They were questioning the old ways, doubting the old large discerns as the Negro Revolt in its more strenuous mores : even the nature of the Gods was being debated manifestations . Actually it is a sweeping change in the in the streets. They questioned the basis for the ongoing orientation and behavior of the Negro younger generation, Peloponnesian war. Many were neglecting their habits of representing as much a rebellion against the compromises dress and grooming in emulation of the aging scholar, and and traditions of the Negro older generation as against some were even scornful of the finery of the time. Many the white world. Here no poetry is required ; the move- were defiant of their parents and their teachers, quoting ment calls itself Black with great pride. all manner of foolishness that they called "philosophy," The Hippies make up the Green Rebellion. The color, and posing questions about life, human nature, and Greek from our brush, symbolizes its love of nature ("flower society that would have been embarrassing if they were children"), its verdantly ingenuous ideals, and, of course, not so obviously impertinent. its "grass ." In short, among a growing group of young people The similiarities among the three rebellions are super- (many of them from good families too) a most improper ficial ; the differences run deep and are immensely signi- rebelliousness was to be found--and this in wartime, when ficant. The Red Rebellion is political, theoretical, intellec- patriotism was of the essence if Athens was to prevail tual, and radical. The Black Rebellion is economic, social, against her enemies . And who was to blame? Obviously, racial, and activist . The Green Rebellion is cultural, re- the progressive educator. And so it was that Socrates was ligious, mystical, and (of all things) pharmacological . forced to drink the hemlock. There have been those who The participants in all three groups don costumes quite have wanted to exterminate Socratic educators ever since, different from the accepted garb of their parents : old because they seem to foment rebelliousness among the clothes, quaint garments, colorful motley, or the raiment youth of the day by teaching them to question everything . of far-off lands and times : battered sandals, outlandish Regardless of who is to he blamed (the returns are boots, or nothing at all on their feet. They sport strange still conning in) it is clear that rebellion is astir among the decorations, cabalistic artefacts, beads, bells, pins, labels . younger generation in America today, just as it has been signs and badges with messages bearing many meanings . in every generation since and before the Golden Age of And withall they favor a hirsute atavism that suggests Pericles. As always, the rebels represent a minority whose at best the elegantly bearded Renaissance, at most beatific influence transcends its size or its political and material the unbarbered Bible, and at worst the hairy Pleistocene. power. And, as always, the rebellion embraces elements that are timeless, and other elements that reflect the great 11 three rebellions scorn the appurtenances of affluence issues of the day. A but for different reasons. The Red Rebels seem to pledge A society as complex, variegated, and transitional as sartorial allegiance to an historical and political symbol : the United States in 1967 could hardly expect the archi- the masses of the proletariat (now more often simply tecture of its current rebellion for show a monolithic same- called the poor and underprivileged) : button-down collars ness. Rather, there are several rebellions going on at once. are for the bourgeois. Some Black Rebels wear old clothes Three of them are having a shocking impact on the Ameri- Consciou ne s because that's all they possess : others, who enjoy better can s s . These three rebellions here are called economic fortune, wear overalls as a socio-economic sym- the Red, the Black, and the Green. bol of racial solidaritv . But the dress of the Green Rebels The Red Rebellion refers to what has been called the is symbolically spiritual : old for the rejection of material- New Left. This is a loose confederation of individuals and ism and of selfish affluence : colorful for the joy of psy- organizations that have in common a militantly activist chedelic self-realization : and exotically trans-cultural for drive to institute sweeping if not revolutionary reforms the oneness of mankind and the appreciation of truths and changes in the government . The movement is labelled and insights to be found in a variety of religions all around "Red" only because of the halo effect from the traditional the world. color of bolshevism and the Internationale as seen by my Again, all three rebellions oppose the military involve- generation Actually . the voice of today's Underground ment of the United States in Vietnam. The Reds are Press reveals that the New Left has little use for ancient against it for historically political reasons ("Imperialism, organizations like the American Communist Party (most colonialism") . The Blacks are against it for socio-economic of whose members are over 30 if not over 60) . However, reasons ("A white racist war that squanders resources since their foes will inevitablv call them Red, thev may needed to correct ghetto conditions at home") . The Greens are against it, as they are against all strife and violence, Dr . West is professor anti head, Department of Ps ychiatry Neurol- ogy, and Behavioral Sciences, 01' School of M edit ine . Dr. Allen for spiritual reasons ("Love is what's happening, man : is assistant professor of child psychiatry UL' School of Medicine, like, it's nowhere to go around killing people!") . on leave of absence and presently Fellow, Laboratory of Commun- Today's Black Rebellion of the New Left has come ity Psychiatry Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass . This article is based on studies supported in part from a grant more clearly into focus recently as groups such as the from the Foundations- Fund for Research in Psvchiatry, Inc ., by Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) have emerged Dr . West's Fellowship :(ward at the Center for Advanced Staffy as distinct from the civil rights movement and also from in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, Calif ., and by NIMH Senior Stipend 1-F,3-3506 .;-01 . the old socialist . communist, and radical labor groups

that formerly constituted the American political Left. rock and roll groups), and the gleeful delight of smoking But the hippies are something new, and something else . marijuana in the company of thousands doing the same The Green Rebellion is a fast-growing new species of hy- thing under circumstances that virtually ensured safety brid flowering plant, with shallow but numerous roots from police harassment or arrest. among the older Bohemias, the beatniks, the surf set, the In June of 1967, it became clear that if more detailed shadow campuses, the folk-rock followers, the God-is-dead observations were to be made it would be necessary to mourners, the school dropouts and college dropouts and establish a semi-permanent observation post within the church dropouts and establishment dropouts, and the Haight-Ashbury district . A typical large apartment, or lotus eaters-users of hash, speed, mescaline, STP, LSD, pad, was obtained, cleaned, disinfected, and humbly but and pot. suitably furnished and decorated with posters, flowers, The upsurge of hippiedom achieved sufficient direction, and paint. For the next six months an ongoing program identity, and phenomenological consistency to be termed of intensive interdisciplinary study into the life and times a rebellion about three years ago . The "hippie" label was of the hippies was undertaken. then just beginning to be differentially applied. "There were At full strength during the summer months, when a only a few gathering-places : New York City's lower side substantial influx of young people (some 30,000 from all slum neighborhood called The East Village (because of over the country) inundated the Haight-Ashbury, the its latitudinal relationship to the older Bohemia of Green- team consisted of a program director (Dr. West) a child wich Village) ; the Sunset Strip area of Los Angeles with psychiatrist and co-director who was on the scene full- its special non-alcoholic hangouts for teen-alters ; and the time (Dr. Allen), a graduate student in cultural anthro- Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco. In the pology (Reed College and Oxford), a graduate student in summer and fall of 1966 it was "The Hashbury" that psychology (Stanford), a recent college graduate in hu- emerged as the fountainhead of hippiedom . In twelve manities (Goddard), a pre-medical student ( Brandeis), short months, the Green Rebellion spread like the pollen an undergraduate in photography and graphic arts (San of its own grass, borne on the bosom of the prevailing Francisco State College), and an undergraduate in be- westerly winds from San Francisco Bay across the land havioral sciences (Stanford) . and even across the Atlantic, and fertilized by the ubi- The group addressed itself particularly to ( 1 ) the quitous media, hot and cool . structure of the hippie subculture ; (2) patterns of drug When the senior author went to the San Francisco Bay use and abuse ; (3 ) acute drug intoxications(delirious area on a year's fellowship at Stanford's ('enter for Ad- reactions, dissociative reactions. "bad trips," etc.) ; (4) vanced Studv in the Behavioral Sciences beginning Sep- long term complications of drug use including subtle per- alterations of tember 1966, one of his first extracurricular activities sonality changes, habit deterioration, and involved going into the Haight-Ashbury district to find intellectual capability ; (5) teen-age runaways and "teeny a fifteen-year-old runaway upper-class boy. Living in a boppers" ; (6) sexual problems including promiscuity . hippie pad, the boy was already deeply identified with venereal disease, perversions . and illegitimacy : and (7) the movement . This and subsequent expeditions led to intergroup conflict and violence . This work involved the an understanding of, and interest in, the remarkable sub- cooperation of health agencies, the chief of police, the fire culture that was rapidly developing there, and in the commissioner, the housing commissioner, and social and months that followed a number of phenomena were oh- behavioral scientists from other institutions including served at first hand . Stanford University . the University of California Medical The Diggers, an anonymous group of service-motivated ('enter, and Mount Zion Hospital in San Francisco . hippies primarily concerned with feeding the hungry, was The Haight-Ashbury district proved to be an established . A hippie organization called The Switch- interestinglaboratoryforobservations concerningawidevariety Of board came into being as a communications center to en- phenomena. It is a neighborhood in flux, comprising about able outsiders to contact people living in the Haight-Ash- 70 percent Negro inhabitants . Like many other metropoli- bury who could not otherwise be located . The Flame, a tan neighborhoods it has been changing rapidly. Land- hippie-run employment agency, was organized to make lords have been functioning more and more on an absentee it easier for them and others in the Haight-Ashbury dis- basis and neglecting their property . As the desirability of trict to find paid work that might suit them. And the Free the neighborhood for white middle-class dwellers dim- Medical Clinic opened . The clinic was organized and for inished, relatively large houses ( more or less dilapidated ) a time largely staffed by hippies and hippie sympathizers became available at reasonable rents. aware of the high rate of illness in the Haight-Ashbury . The first hippies moving into this area were a small Venereal disease, hepatitis, malnutrition, bronchitis, and group off people (not all of them young) who were deeply drug reactions were endemic, while the sufferers-especial- philosophical and pursued eccentric religious ideals. Some IN, newcomers-often avoided the usual medical channels had evolved out of the beatnik group of San Francisco's for fear of bringing their illegal use of drugs to the at- North Beach which, like Greenwich Village. had become tention off the authorities. less desirable for the new Bohemians. Tourists had come to consider North Beach a must. Hard on the heels of the Aeries of extraordinary hippie-sponsored gatherings be- tourists came the petty crooks, hawkers, pitchmen, pros- gan with the First Human Be-In at the Golden (late titutes, topless entertainers, bars, dance halls, restaurants, Park in January 1967 . This and its successors were charac- and other commercial enterprises, all of which made North terized by widespread expressions of love and brother- Beach progressively less desirable for the bearded think- hood, the sharing of appreciation for the beautiful setting, ers, their friends, and their families . The same process the music (often provided free by hippie-sympathizing is already at work on Haight Street . The Negroes already in the Haight-Ashlnn-y neighbor- Haight seeking hithertoofoore unavailable and taboo sexual hood were initially surprised, then amused, then annoyed, opportunities with white girls. But such liaisons can be and finally deeply alarmed and concerned with the rapid troublesome. A Negro boy from Chicago said, "All these hippie influx. It was hard for them to understand why a other spade cats looking for white chicks turned me off, group of middle-class and upper-class young white men man, until I met this hippie chick and she just flashed and women should be drawn to their shabby neighbor- on me and took me over. It blew my mind, man, and I've hood. The threat to the Negroes increased as the ranks got to split ; because if I hang around her and her friends of the hippies swelled with converts and sympathizers I won't be able to tell who whitev is any more. And if from nearbv San Francisco State College, and a growing I don't know who's an ofay I may not even know who 1 number of Bay area dropouts of all ages (many of whom am myself ." The rare Negro who turns hippie nearly al- became hippies virtually as a matter of religious conver- ways proves to be from the Black Bourgeoisie in Cleveland sion) . There was a greater competition for housing. The or Beverly Hills -not from Harlem, Hunters Point, or the colorful world of psychedelphia was turning their neigh- Haight-Ashbury . borhood into a round-the-clock street carnival . Growing The lower middle-class Negro family. struggling to numbers of curious tourists and gawkers created traffic rise into the middle class, has looked upon this peculiar jams. prices began to rise. Furthermore, the flamboyant white influx into the Haight-Ashbury as a homogeneous use of illegal drugs (particularly marijuana and lysergic movement . Many newspapermen, police officers, narcotic acid diethylamide or LSD) was attracting a steady in- agents, underworld predators, and establishment com- crease of police activity. mentators have made the same mistake. While it has been Racially mixed couples in the neighborhood (mostly estimated that there are ten thousand hippies in the Bay Negro men with white wives) found that the uneasy area (with perhaps half this number in the Haight-Ash- stability of their situation was being shaken by the easy bury district) only a fraction could be considered "true" and loving ways of the hippies, with whom these couples or "hard core" hippies. Others, often mistaken for hippies, in fact had nothing whatsoever in common . But it was the have come searching for excitement, mystic revelation, Negro youth, especially those participating in the Black free sex, escape, acceptance, drugs, or sanity . Most of Rebellion, who became particularly antagonistic toward them dress and talk like hippies . and use drugs, but realize the hippies . These young people are espousing a black the difference . They will say, sadly, "I'd like to be a hippie racism based in part upon their own stereotypes of the but I can't make it," or "I'm not good enough," or "I'm white establishment. Along come the hippies who don't really a speed freak," or "I've got too many hang-ups to fit such stereotypes and who greet the suspiciousness and really make the scene ; when I turn on I just freak-out rejection by the young Negroes with insufferable loving- everybody else." kindness . What is a true hippie? He appears to be a rebel against what he sees as a world and a society gone mad . Unlike participants in the Red and the Black Rebellions he is he Negroes do not view the willingness by hippies to live not an activist . The New Left, and "active" pacifists like Tin their neighborhood as a sign of egalitarian accept- singer Joan Baez, are openly critical of the hippie for his ance. As one young militant Negro leader put it, ""These passivity . Rather than to war against the establishment, cats come down here and live like they are poor--maybe or to struggle to change it, he has dropped out of society. even panhandle on the streets-and act like they've got turned his pact: on it, dissociated himself from it, and is even less than we have ; but man, any time they get tired attempting to create an entirely new way of life . He is of it they can shave and shower and hop a bus and before peaceful, nom-violent, and committed to an ideal of uni- you know it there is `welcome home, baby' out in the lily versal brotherhood, love, and sharing. His expectation is white suburbs, and then they can talk about how they that in time more and more people will see the wisdom lived for a while in a slum ." of his course and follow it for themselves . Most important, perhaps, is the conflict in direction While many hippies are highly intelligent . i t is not an . of movement between the two rebellions, Black and Green intellectual movement . Basically it is a spiritual move- The Blacks see a world of affluence and material posses- ment. A sense of oneness exists among the members of a sions that are the desiderata of the culture. Basically they hippie commune, tribe, or "family ." This communion accept the values of that culture. What they want is their derives from the mutual experience of revelation through fair share of it, and an opportunity to become truly a part psychedelic delirium . At the same time, strong permanent of it. They want to get out of the Haight-Ashbury and into interpersonal commitments are few ; nobody wants to re- Woodside, and Mill Vallev, and Nob Hill . But along come linquish freedom or mobility . Repeated episodes of LSD . the hippies, in the opposite direction, saying, "Like, man intoxication ("trips") have induced in these people sen- we've been there, and it's nowhere ." sations of transformation, insight, oneness with all living Here then are whites who are turning their backs on the things, and beatitude. There are other intoxicants (opium very things the Negroes are striving to obtain. This is for instance) that can effect similiar subjective experi- a deeper threat than simple racial prejudice, because it ences, but most of them do it while obtunding conscious- allies these strange whites with many of the attitudes of ness at the same time. LSD paradoxically heightens aware- the Black Rebels' parental generation --a gentle, patient, ness. It temporarily alters the nervous system in such a loving . accepting, and basically religious adjustment to way that information processing seems to be increased . uncomfortable and deprived circumstances . The well established automatic screening processes that It is primarily on this basis that there are practically prevent us normally from being flood°d by sensations no Negro hippies, although many Negro boys prowl the Continual on page 28 findings would turn many of the hip- The Green Rebellion pies from their grass-using ways. If marijuana is the glue of hippiedom, Continued from page, 7 LSD is its sacrament. It pro- vides an incandescent affective experience, the very fragmenting nature from without, or swamped by exces- a felony ; but one 15-year-old lad of which contributes to the subse- sive awareness of the ongoing infor- blithely confessed (when "busted" by quent sense of being reborn after hav- mation processing within our own "the fuzz" and found to "holding" ing transported, as Aldous Huxley brains, is substantially altered. At marijuana), "Oh, 1 don't smoke pot put it, to "the Antipodes of the the height of the LSD reactions the myself, T just carry it for a status mind." Thus the intensely individual net result is a "jamming of the cir- symbol ." and personal experience of the LSD cuits" resulting from "information in- The use and abuse of marijuana is trip binds hippies to a common mysti- put overload," accompanied by a a subject of great interest, which can- que, a sense of having seen the same sense of extraordinary contact with not be reviewed here in detail . But the light. For the true hippie, like Saul both the world within and the world proponents and opponents of pot- of Tarsus who saw the light on the around . Ideas may tumble over each smoking are severly handicapped by road to Damascus and became St. other chaotically, while gales of in- lack of scientific information about Paul, the transformation is global tense feeling sweep the sensibilities the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol and results in a commitment to an and dominate awareness. When the (the psycho-active component of entirely new way of life. He believes surroundings include other people go- hemp) upon the brain. The next few this is to be worth all the risks in- ing through the same experience, the years will bring a flood of new data volved. characteristic sense of interpersonal about marijuana (pot, grass, weed, In the pads along Telegraph Ave- communion and sharing occurs. Most boo, reefers, :Mary Jane, kif bhang, nue in Berkeley, where many of the of the hippie mystique stems from this hashish, etc.) . Today one's best ad- New Left students and shadow-cam- set of phenomena. vice might be, "just because alcohol pus types collect, a. superficial re- Virtually all of the true hippies is bad, marijuana isn't necessarily semblance to the hippies may be seen. have had this experience repeatedly, good ; just because the present law is Old clothes, beards, beads . buttons, many feeling that through it they absurd, marijuana shouldn't necessar- and bare feet abound. The aroma of have reached a state of mind that ily be uncontrolled by law ; just. be- marijuana can be discerned in the constitutes complete self-awareness so cause you've been lied to about its ambient air. But in the pads there is that no further trips are needed . Some dangers, marijuana isn't necessarily a ferment of talk, quotation and show personality changes that, to the harmless." But it is doubtful whether counter-quotation, disputations ad observer, seem schizoid or similar to any warnings or ominous laboratory hominem, and generally noisy but certain organic syndromes (e.g . post- lobotomy) that leave the individual more comfortable but less able to carry out complex long-term plans, Now Open In Norman . . . endure frustration, concentrate for ex- tended periods, follow routines, or successfully master new material Howard Johnson's (learning) with the same ease as before. 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2 8 clearly intellectual uproar. The walls perceptual and emotional rather than Large numbers (if not a majority) of are lined with books, background verbal and intellectual, the hippie hippies believe in one or another man- music is either ig nored or, when at- tends to reject semantic approaches ifestation of magic, ESP, reincarna- tended, ranges from Bach to Bru- to the discovery of truth. Thus hip- tion, astrological prophecy, and orien- beck to Baez. pies keep very few books. Most of tal augering of the I Chin- variety . The contrast of this to the typical them are for laughs (like comic Music in the hippie pad is often Hailht-Ashbury pad is substantial . hooks) . Books on prophecy and as- deafening and precludes conversation . Because his road to revelation was trology are often found in their pads. Heavily favored are "acid rock," group recordings by hippie favorites such as the Jefferson Airplane and The Grateful Dead. and Oriental renderings on such instruments as the Sooner Boosters koto or the sitar. Advertisers below and elsewhere in Sooner Ma-azine are recommended for Hippies engage very little in argu- their c efficient, friendly service. You are urged to patronize a Sooner Rooster . mentation or protracted discourse on a single topic. In fact, there often seems to be an attempt to communi- cate the most possible in the fewest TYLER & SIMPSON CO . words, and even to restrict the vocab- Wholesale Grocers Hal Muldrow Agency ulary so that a small number of words '28 Norman and phrases (constituting a mixture Insurance c: Ardmore, Oklahoma of argot and patois) will suffice both Bonds to transmit whatever digital informa- Gainesville, Texas 117 E. Comanche tion is necessary in the form of words and at the same time to constitute recognition of the fact that analo- v- communication of affect is of much Bill Eischeid Pontiac - \ o, Knock-wood, call T greater significance and value. B. A. '50 Thus the hippie is unlikely to for- mulate his credo in words . If he did, 514 South Broadway LOC KW(D S Edmond, Oklahoma INSURANCE --BONDS A 0. C. VI 3-5749 - Edmond PL 4-1170 I ATLAS LIFE BLDG . " PHONE LU 7-51031

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it might be something like the follow- life, and of "We of each other, seeking the sensory stimulation (fol- ing: believe that the entire de- ultimate of freedom, individualitv, lowed of course by lethargy) velopment of human society up to self-fulfillment, and generosity, let and (b) creates a cabal out- this point represents a one-way road us live together with others under con- side the law, with all of the to catastrophe. We think that the only ditions that make it possible for peo- dynamics of persecuted mi- hope for humankind is to go back to ple to give fully of themselves and nority groups coming into Nature and start over. The world thus achieve total self-realization ." play : has gone crazy with selfishness, with That would be a long speech . No "Turning on ." While this armaments, and with violent destruc- hippie would transmit in few words terra is used to describe manv tion of individuals by one and two's the entire meaning of it. He would types of stimulation, "blow- and millions. We see no point in say, "Man, like everybody just ought ing the mind" with LSD is storing up all the material goods to do their own thing." The listeners the ultimate "turn on" ex- which everybody seems so viciously would say, "Yeah ." For this is the perience . Its mind-expanding to covet . THe terrible competition hippie credo . sensations lead to a feeling among and within the major socie- How does a hippie achieve his of cosmic consciousness, of- ties of the world today is not only identity if learning through verbal ten followed by a "rebirth" unhealthy but is so destructive that transaction is limited? The philoso- including the characteristic it is going to bring down what little phy apparently comes only with pas- sense of oneness with man- civilization exists. sage through certain phases that kind and universal love ; "We reject most of the values that might be listed as follows : 6. "Tuning in." Here the new are exemplified by the establishments 1 . Despair or disgust with the hippies really begin to ap- of all the major powers . The very use world as it is (often identi- preciate the mutuality of of the word `power' describes what is fied with one's own middle- their experiences. Often while wrong with the whole system. We re- class parents) ; coming down from highs or ject the formal structures that exist 2 . A search for meaning, for trips they "rap" to within the establishment, ranging each self, and for a good way of other (i.e. converse excitedly from assembly-line educational in- life; while strongly en rapport, stitutions to all of the organized re- 3. Association with other search- vealing and sharing all man- forms of religion, which as soon as ers, some of whom seem to ner of thoughts, feelings, and they build themselves a church have have discovered a Way ; personal history) . Quickly, already defined themselves out of the 4. Enhancement of camerader- by observation and word of spiritual and into the material ie with these fellow-pilgrims mouth, world . they learn ("tune in through marijuana smoking on") what's happening the "What we seek is the opportunity which (a) usually generates true nature of "the scene." for human beings to find themselves a state of closeness through 7. "Dropping as individuals, and to live with each out ." This im- heightened awareness and plies a other in love, dignity, and joy. We major break with "the look for examples among American Indians, Polynesian natives, African tribes, Oriental cultures . There are potentialities in each individual that The University's he may not even suspect, automated MOST CONVENIENT BANK as he is by all the different systems that our society presses upon him and caters to bulls him through . He must get out OU Students, Faculty of all this ponderous regimentation, be liberated from all of these sterile and Staff and destructive values, and be given a chance for the first time in his life to Robert L. Bailey It's easy to understand Eugene Kuntz breathe free and to become himself . '49 why when Law you Dean, College Let him find out (through drugs) the ON B President know that ONB's officers and of Law possibilities that lie within his own directors hold a combined ONB Director mind, and actually do day by day total of 11 degrees from that which he enjoys, is really best OU suited for, and fords fulfilling . "We believe that people should live this way, share with each other, dwell in harmony, appreciate the bounties of nature, and, being closer to it, be- U K L ^ H O come more respectful of it. Not poi- M ^ N A T I O N A L (I A N K soning the food with chemicals. Not O F N O R M ^ N contaminating the waters. Not pollut- 1E 6-2122 1600 West Lindsay Member F.D.I .C. ing the very air. In the love of nature,

30 straight world" and the as- both accepted without question . Pri- be called bona fade hippie material, sumption of a new way of vacy is a matter of taste. There is a but toward them the hippie obliga- life and a new set of values . definite trend toward nudism when tions of kindliness, sharing, and ac- It is of interest that Dr. Timothy conditions permit. ceptance must be manifested . The Leary, who formulated "Turn on, Work habits are studiously individ- newcomers swamp the hippies : they tune in, drop out" and is often ualized . If a pad is really cool there crash (sleep) in their pads, consume blamed for what has transpired sub- will always be money coming in from their food, plead, "Lay some bread sequently, was really using terms some source or other-enough for the on me" (give me some money) when from the new slang to describe what essentials of life such as spaghetti, they are broke, attract the police was already happening. His influence dope (the hippie's campy term for all (who are always looking for among the hippies today is negligible . desirable drugs), milk, and matches. runa-ways),havebadtripsongooddope, "Their anarchistic tendencies make People come and go, bringing and and bum-trip other people (i .e. upset them deeply suspicious of organizers, sending greetings, seeking pleasure in them while they are particularly vul- generals, governors, and messiahs. Dr . listening to music, walking in the nerable during a trip) out of ignor- Leary is usually dismissed rather park, dancing, strolling on Haight ance of proper procedure. Further- casually : "'That cat was with it once Street, rapping to their friends. For more the numerous would-be hippies, but, man, now he's on this big ego hippies work is each person's thing, pseudo-hippies, plastic hippies, and trip all the time." from part-time housepainting or car- teeny-hoppers are highly vulnerable Once the hippie has "dropped out," rying the mail to regular employment to disease, attack, arrest, and other he is likely to enter into some sort of (teaching, performing, handicrafts, forms of disaster. Before the great non-demanding, loosely organized li- graphic arts, etc.) . Work is acceptable influx during the summer of 1967, aison with others in a "commune," if it's not a sell-out-if it's truly en- life was already sufficiently hard in or "tribe ." There is great variety joyable-if everyone is in fact "doing the Haight-Ashbury to challenge all among these groups and their pads . his own thing." the hippies' resources of beautiful Some are dirty, others clean ; some are It is remarkable how well the true philosophy, denial of reality, and affluent, others broke; some are weird, hippies have been able to survive and chemical self-treatment of untoward others actually mimic the straight find a measure of contentment in emotions with various forms of dope. world . By and large, the more com- places like the East Village or the Now, the fuzz is cracking down, the pletely the pad is able to function in Haight . This survival capability may fool kids are shooting speed (dan- keeping with the unspoken credo, the be diminishing. Our studies show that gerous intravenous injections of meth- more admirable or "cool" it is con- hippies are increasingly menaced by amphetamine), dope is harder to sidered to be. forces emanating from the establish- come by and the Mafia are moving in Sexual practices among the hippies ment, the underworld, other rebel on the amateur sources of supply. A are strictly up to the individuals in- groups (e.g. the motorcycle gangs), rougher white element is starting to volved. They vary from monogamous and perhaps most of all from the on- take over the hangouts on Haight marriages to genuine group marriages. slaught of newcomers. The majority Street and is fomenting trouble with The promiscuous and the virginal are of these seekers are not what might the already truculent Negroes. Under these pressures, in small groups, many hippies are resettling themselves along the West Coast, in villages, farms, parks, woods, even caves. New hippie-style enclaves are springing up all across the country, although it is not possible to say just how many are deserving of the generic

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label . Even in Europe there are now growing numbers of American-style hippies (who must be distinguished from the more activist New Left-type "Provos") . One of the most interesting things about the hippie scene has been the reaction of our society to it. Some people have been violently offended by the very appear- ance of hippies, or anyone resembling them . The long hair is a case in point. For example, it is amazing with all we have learned about human behavior and all that has transpired in the development of modern educational institutions, that so many school administrators permit themselves to be drawn into confrontations with students on the subject of haircuts . It is as though the risk of hippiedom intrudes along with the styles thereof. This Sept. 15 to April 16 April 16 to Sept. 15 risk is seen by many people as a deeply corrupt and dan- gerously contaminating influence. They view the hippies *Mod . American Plan Per Day as the vanguard of evil, the quintessence of all things parasitic and degenerate in our society, an infiltrating tribe of useless, filthy gypsies who should not be permitted TEXOMA LODGE to remain in any respectable community. Double $8.00 $16.00 $10.00 $18 .00 Others have taken a completely opposite viewpoint, Single 6.00 10.00 8.00 12.00 seeing the hippies as a joyous and even saintly band of spiritual truth-seekers and karma-stagers. They have been WESTERN HILLS LODGE compared to the early Christians in Rome. Toynbee has .00 .00 22.00 suggested that the last best hope for survival of the human Double 9.00 19 10 race may lie in the Green Rebellion and its sublimely Single 7 .00 12 .00 10.00 16.00 simple return to Nature . This romantic view, no less than LAKE MURRAY LODGE the paranoid view, reflects the degree to which people read into the hippies their own hopes, fears, preoccupations, Double 8 .00 18.00 9.00 20.00 and perhaps unconscious wishes. Single 7.00 12.00 8 .00 14.00 One cannot help considering whether those who are so threatened by the hippies may not in fact be struggling QUARTZ MT. LODGE with whatever is stirred up inside themselves by their Double 7.00 16.00 8 .00 16.00 projected fantasies of freedom from responsibility, escape from the frustrations of their own rigid life situations, Single 6.00 10.00 7 .00 12.00 chemicals that will provide both surcease from unpleasant ARROWHEAD LODGE emotions and miraculous generation of unbounded libidin- ous capabilities, and uninhibited sexuality without the nec- Double 10.00 20.00 12.00 24.00 essity for interpersonal commitments. Thus the Haight- Single 8.00 14.00 12.00 18 .00 Ashbury constitutes an enormous, colorful Rorschach card, the reactions to it. emerging like the results of a projective FOUNTAINHEAD LODGE testing maneuver. Double 10.00 20.00 12 .00 24.00 In the light of our studies, however, the hippies can be .00 18 .00 seen in quite another way. Here is a group of people, ob- Single 8.00 14.00 12 viously sensitive to aspects of our civilization that are ROMAN NOSE LODGE so dreadful that most of us avoid thinking about them as Single or Double Occupancy for 4 Nights much as possible : war, violence, cut-throat competition, grasping materialism, sexual hypocrisy, interpersonal iso- Sun. thru Wed. $24.00 European Plan Only lation, pollution of the elements, loss of contact with $4.00 Per Child for Modified American Plan- nature, loss of individual identity in the massive treadmills No Room Charge for Children Under 12 of the modern megalopolis. The hippies (ugly, dirty, or Occupying Same Room As Parents. grotesque though they may seem) seek beauty, freedom, * Modified American Plan includes breakfast and eveuioid creativity, individuality, self-expression, mutual respect, dinner ordered from menu . Above prices include gratuities. and the ascendence of spiritual over material values. These goals and aspirations are clearly derived from the traditions of great religions and ethical systems. The ineffable tragedy of the hippies is that their Green Rebel- lion is doomed to fail : that individuals capable of formu- lating such lofty ideals are being driven to self-intoxication with powerful drugs in order to imagine their fulfillment : and that the very chemicals they use will inevitably TOURIST DIVISION $00 WILL ROGERS OGERS 'MEMORIAL enervate them as individuals and bleed the energies of BUILDING OKLAH OMA CITY OKLAHOMA the hippie movement to its death . ENI)