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CH ALCI Dl DAE (HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA)

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CH ALCI Dl DAE (HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA) PARC NATIONAL ALBERT NATIONAAL ALBERT PARK I. MISSION G F. DE WITTE 1933-1935 I. ZENDING G. F. DE WITTE 1933-1935 Fascicule 48 Aflevering 48 CH ALCI Dl DAE (HYMENOPTERA CHALCIDOIDEA) PAR G. SCHMITZ (Louvain) INTRODUCTION L'Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge a bien voulu nous confier l'étude des Chalcididae récoltés en 1933-1935 par M. G. F. de Witte, au cours de son exploration de ce qui constitue actuellement la partie méridionale du Parc National Albert. Nous y avons joint celle de quelques exemplaires pro¬ venant d'autres régions de la Colonie, et qui faisaient partie du même matériel. Signalons à ce propos que les espèces dont les noms sont, en tête de description, placés entre [ ], sont représentées uniquement par des spécimens recueillis en dehors du Parc Albert. Nos remerciements vont tout d'abord à l'Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge, et particulièrement à son président M. V. Van Straelen, direc¬ teur du Musée royal d'Histoire naturelle, qui nous ont fait l'honneur d'accepter notre collaboration et nous ont accordé leur appui ainsi que les marques d'intérêt les plus encourageantes. Nous prions également M. A. d'Orchymont, conservateur au Musée royal d'Histoire naturelle, et M. L. Burgeon, chef de la Section entomologique du Musée du Congo, de bien vouloir trouver ici l'expression de notre gratitude, eu égard aux facilités de travail dont nous avons bénéficié dans leurs sections, et aux prêts d'exemplaires de collection, aux fins d'examen, dont nous leur sommes redevable. Enfin, nous nous sentons une reconnaissance toute spéciale envers M. le Profr H. Débauché, qui a bien voulu nous guider dans ce travail effectué en son laboratoire de l'Université de Louvain. 4 parc national albert Famille CHALCIDIDAE {.Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea) Chalcidiles (partim) Latreille, Fam. Natur. Règne Anim., Paris, 1825, p. 446. Chalcidae (partim) Westwood, Introd. Mod. Class. Ins., vol. II, London, 1840, p. 154. — Walker, List. Chalcid. Brit. Mus., vol. I, 1846, p. 2. — Förster, Hym. Stud., vol. II, 1856, p. 1. — Walker, Trans. Entom. Soc. Lond., vol. I, 1862, p. 360. — Notes on Chalcid., London, 1871, p. 1. Pteromalidae (partim) Thomson, Hym. Scand., vol. V, 1875, p. 3. Chalcididae (partim) Kiriîy, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., vol. XVII, 1883, p. 62. — Howard, Entom. Amer, vol. I, 1886, p. 197. Chalcididae Cameron, Hym. Orientalia, Memb. et Proc. Manch. Litt. and Philos, Soc,, vol. XLI, pt. II, 1896, p. 39. Chalcididae (partim) Mocsary, Fauna Hegni Hungariae, Budapest, 1897, p. 65. Chalcidinae Dalla Torre, Catal. Hym., vol. V, Leipzig, 1898, p. 367. Chalcididae Cameron, Soc. Entom., vol. XXVI, pt. III, 1903, p. 14. Chalcididae Ashmead, Mem. of Carnegie Mus., vol. I, 1904, p. 247. — Schmiedeknecht, Gener. Insect. Hym. Chalc., Bruxelles, 1909, p. 17. - - Morley, Catal. of Brit. Hym. Fam. Chalcididae, London, 1910, p. 1. Chalcididae Perkins, Fauna Hawaïiensis, vol. I, pt. VI, Cambridge, 1913, p. 104. — Waterston, Bull. Entom. Res., vol. V, London, 1914, p. 249. Chalcidinae Masi, Ann. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. G. Doria, Ser. 3, vol. XLVI1, Genova, 1915, p. 58. — Girault (formant les Chalcididae avec les Leuco- spidinae) Austr. Hym. Chalcidoidea, Mem. Queensl. Mus., vol. VI, 1915, p. 314. — Bodkins, Notes ou Brit. Guiana, Hym. trans. Entom. Soc. Lond., 1917, p. 320. — Masi, Nov. Zool., vol. XXIV, London, 1917, p. 127 et Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, v. 48, 1919, p. 141. Chalcididae Girault, Proc. of Nat. Mus.. Washington, vol. LVIII, 1921, p. 192. - - Dodd, Chalc. from Lord llawe and Norfolk Isl., Trans and Proc. of R. Soc. of South. Austr., vol. XLVI1I, 1924, p. 162. — Timber- lake, Proc. Haw. Entom. Soc., vol. V, n° 3, 1924, p. 420. Chalcidinae Hellen, Finnland. Chalc. Not. Entom., Helsinki, vol., IV, n° 1, 1924, p. 10. — Handlirsch, Handbuch der Entomologie, Heraus gegeben von Chr. Schroeder, Band III, 1925, pp. 760 et 770. — Ramakrishna Ayyar, Check-list Indo-Ceylonese Chalcidflies, Spolia Zeylanica, vol. XIII, 1925, p. 2. nationaal albert park Chalcididae (partim) Matsumura et Ushida, Fauna von den Riou-Kiou Insein Ins., Matsumurana Sappore Jap., vol. I, 1926-1927, p. 76. — Yiereck, Rep. on the Hym. in N. Y. St. Mus., Buil. of N. York state Mus., n° 274, Albany, 1928, p. 192. Chalcidinae Masi, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vol. LUI, 1929, p. 196 et Boll. lab. Entom. R. Inst. Sup. Agr. Bologna, vol. II, 1929, p. 155. — Schmiede- knecht, Die Hym. Nord, un Mitteleuropa, Iena, 1930, p. 403. — Brijes and Melander, Classific. of Insects, Cambridge, 1932, p. 485. — Hand- lirsch, in Kukenthal : Handbuch der Zoologie, B. IV, II. 2, lter T., Insecta 2, Berlin, 1933, p. 976. Chalcididae, Crèvecceur et Maréchal, Gatal. Hym. Belg., Bulletin et Annales de la Soc. Entom. Belg., vol. LXXIII, 1933, p. 379. — Imms, Gen. Textbook of Entom., London, 1934, p. 577. Chalcidinae Nikolskaya, List of Chalc. Fl. meared in U.R.S.S., Buil. Entom. Res., vol. XXV, London, p. 130. — Mani, Ree. Ind. Mus., vol. XXXVII, 1935, p. 249. — Comstock, Intr. to Entom. N. Y. Ithaca, 1936, p. 929. Chalcididae Ramakrishna xVyyar, J. of Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. XXXVII, n° 1, Madras, 1935, pp. 193-547. Chalcidinae Weber, Lehrbuch der Entomologie, Jena, 1936, p. 661. I. — GÉNÉRALITÉS. La famille des Chalcididae appartient à la superfamille des Chalcidoidea, l'un des grands groupes d'Hyménoptères térébrants. Ce groupe est carac¬ térisé par la disposition de la tarière qui prend naissance à la base de l'abdomen de la femelle et, par la présence à l'antenne, d'un ou deux annelli. Ce nom est donné au premier article du funicule qui, toujours chez le mâle, est transverse, aplati, discoïdal. Chez la femelle, il peut être trans¬ verse, plus ou moins carré, ou même plus long que large. Rappelons les principales caractéristiques de la famille. Chez les mâles de toutes les espèces connues, le troisième article de l'antenne (premier article du funicule), l'annellus, est aplati, souvent discoï¬ dal, et légèrement plus étroit que le pédicellus et le deuxième article du funicule entre lesquels il est compris. Chez la femelle, le premier article du funicule peut être transverse, plus ou moins quadratique ou même plus long que large. Quand il est transverse il n'est pas rétréci, ni discoïdal, sa largeur est la même que celle des articles qui le comprennent. La massue est formée par un article unique, de dimension double du précédent en général, et née de la fusion, probablement, de trois articles qui sont encore plus ou moins marqués par une ou deux sutures visibles sur la massue. Il s'agit bien de sutures et non d'articulations. Il n'y a pas de solu¬ tion de continuité dans la paroi de la massue. 6 parc national albert Tenant compte de ce fait, la plupart des représentants de la famille ont une antenne de onze articles. Dans beaucoup de cas les anciens auteurs jusque Schmiedeknecht (1909) signalaient une antenne de douze (gg. Anlru- cephalus Kirby, Dirhinus Dalman) ou de treize articles (gg. Chalcis Fabricius, Anacryptus Kirby, Eniaca Kirby, Spilochalcis Thomson, Haltichella Spinola, Hockeria, Walker). Cette affirmation a été reconnue erronée depuis. Les auteurs plus récents (Waterson, Masi, Mani, Ferrière) ont attiré l'attention, au cours de leurs descriptions spécifiques, sur la fusion plus ou moins complète des derniers articles antennaires en une massue inarticulée. Sauf l'annellus, le funicule et la massue portent un grand nombre de sensilla coeloconica et souvent un nombre plus ou moins réduit de sensilla placodea: sur les premiers articles du funicule, chez les femelles, le nombre de sensilla coeloconica est souvent moindre que chez le mâle. L'antenne est en général coudée, à angle aigu après le scapus; elle s'insère immédiatement au-dessus du labrum, — et, dans ce cas, la face est creusée ou non par une fosse antennaire, — ou bien dans une fosse antennaire nettement limitée inférieurement, et ce à un niveau supérieur à la ligne qui joint les marges inférieures des yeux. Les angles antérieurs du pronotum sont nets et marqués, ce qui lui donne un aspect plus ou moins rectangulaire en avant. Par ce caractère, les Chalcididae se rapprochent des Eurytomidae — on ne le retrouve que chez les seuls représentants des deux familles. L'abdomen est sessile ou plus ou moins pétiolé. Dans tous les cas, le premier tergite de l'abdomen proprement dit est plus grand. Il occupe du tiers aux quatre cinquièmes de la région abdo¬ minale. A strictement parler, ce tergite est anatomiquement le troisième, mais, comme il est reçu, nous considérerons le segment médiaire, premier tergite abdominal en réalité, mais fusionné avec le thorax, comme faisant partie de celui-ci et le pétiole comme premier tergite. Le premier tergite de l'abdomen proprement dit sera donc appelé deuxième tergite abdominal. La nervation est très réduite. Elle comporte, aux ailes antérieures, en partant de la base de l'aile, une sous-marginale (ou sous-costale) qui délimite avec le bord de l'aile dont elle s'écarte, la cellule costale; à l'extrémité de celle-ci, la sous-marginale rejoint le bord antérieur de l'aile et prend le nom de marginale. Celle-ci à son extrémité distale bifurque en deux rameaux : la postmarginale, qui suit le bord de l'aile, et le rameau stigma- tique, qui oblique vers le centre du disque (Pl. X, fig. 4). Ces deux derniers éléments de la nervation peuvent manquer. Les fémurs antérieurs et moyens sont plus ou moins claviformes, renflés à leur extrémité distale. Les fémurs postérieurs (et ceci est le caractère principal de la famille) sont fortement renflés, elliptiques. Leur marge externe inférieure peut être inerme, fine¬ ment denticulée, dentée, ou présenter un ou plusieurs lobes ou apophyses eux-mêmes denticulés ou non.
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