Remembering 9/11 Is the U.S

E X S P P A E N C D I E A D L IS S U E Res earc her ! Published by CQ Press, a Division of SAGE CQ www.cqresearcher.com Remembering 9/11 Is the U.S. safe from terrorist attacks? s the 10th anniversary of the Sept. 11, 2001, terror - ist attacks approaches, Americans continue to ex - amine whether the U.S. response over the past A decade has made the homeland safer. While the government has taken a variety of measures to defend against similar attacks, legal questions over the treatment and prosecution of terror suspects have ignited longstanding debates over the legitimacy of the U.S. approach to the “war on terror” launched by President George W. Bush and continued by President Barack Obama. Meanwhile, with the country at war in Afghanistan and Nearly two-thirds complete, 1 World Trade Center in New York City rises above the site of the twin towers that were destroyed in the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist intent on dismantling Al Qaeda, policymakers are asking whether attacks. Soaring to a symbolic 1,776 feet, the building, scheduled for completion in 2013, will be the nation’s it remains a credible threat to U.S. national security after the tallest. It is one of five skyscrapers planned for the site. killing of Osama bin Laden. Inside the United States, though, a I domestic jihadist subculture has arisen — against the backdrop of N THIS REPORT anti-Muslim sentiment among many Americans — that some say S THE ISSUES ....................703 could also pose a threat to U.S. security. I BACKGROUND ................714 D CHRONOLOGY ................714 E CURRENT SITUATION ........722 CQ Researcher • Sept. 2, 2011 • www.cqresearcher.com AT ISSUE ........................723 Volume 21, Number 30 • Pages 701-732 OUTLOOK ......................725 RECIPIENT OF SOCIETY OF PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISTS AWARD FOR BIBLIOGRAPHY ................729 EXCELLENCE N AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION SILVER GAVEL AWARD THE NEXT STEP ..............731 REMEMBERING 9/11 CQ Re search er Sept. 2, 2011 THE ISSUES Many U.S. Muslims Fear Volume 21, Number 30 705 Extremism • Has the United States But some show support. MANAGING EDITOR: Thomas J. Billitteri 703 done enough since 9/11 [email protected] to prevent terrorist attacks? A Survivor’s Story: ‘Every ASSISTANT MANAGING EDITOR: Kathy Koch • Has individual liberty 706 Day Could Be the End’ [email protected] been sacrificed to security How 9/11 changed Walter CONTRIBUTING EDITOR: Thomas J. Colin since 9/11? Masterson’s life. [email protected] • Do radical Islamist ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Kenneth Jost views pose a threat in the Turning Profane Places 709 STAFF WRITERS: Marcia Clemmitt, Peter Katel United States? Into Sacred Ground Memorials at the three 9/11 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Sarah Glazer, BACKGROUND sites take different approaches. Alan Greenblatt, Barbara Mantel, Tom Price, Jennifer Weeks Is Al Qaeda Still A Threat? A Nation at War DESIGN /P RODUCTION EDITOR: Olu B. Davis 714 712 Defense secretary calls it all Within days of 9/11, Presi - but beaten; others are wary. ASSISTANT EDITOR: Darrell Dela Rosa dent Bush and Congress FACT CHECKER: Michelle Harris began “war against terror.” Chronology: Terrorism 714 Abroad INTERNS : Daniel Bauer, Benjamin Woody The Homeland Secured? Key events since 2001. 718 On the fifth anniversary of 9/11, Americans were di - Chronology: Terrorism at vided about Bush’s policies. 715 Home Key events since 2001. War on Terror 2.0? 720 Obama changed some Victims’ Compensation A Division of SAGE Bush policies, kept others. 716 Poses Fairness Issues VICE PRESIDENT AND EDITORIAL DIRECTOR: New fund extends eligibility Jayne Marks CURRENT SITUATION period for claims. DIRECTOR, ONLINE PUBLISHING: Anti-Extremism Strategy Rising From the Ashes Todd Baldwin 722 720 Five skyscrapers are planned; Obama’s plan to combat critics have doubts. Al Qaeda recruitment in Copyright © 2011 CQ Press, a Division of SAGE. U.S. draws praise, criticism. At Issue SAGE reserves all copyright and other rights herein, 723 Does Al Qaeda still pose a unless pre vi ous ly spec i fied in writing. No part of this 9/11 Trial serious threat to the U.S.? publication may be reproduced electronically or 724 A military tribunal may otherwise, without prior written permission. Un - soon try the self-proclaimed au tho rized re pro duc tion or trans mis sion of SAGE copy - mastermind of 9/11. FOR FURTHER RESEARCH right ed material is a violation of federal law car ry ing civil fines of up to $100,000. OUTLOOK For More Information CQ Press is a registered trademark of Congressional 728 Organizations to contact. Quarterly Inc. 725 Noise and Silence Bibliography CQ Researcher (ISSN 1056-2036) is printed on acid- Amid Ground Zero’s bustle, 729 Selected sources used. free paper. Pub lished weekly, except: (May wk. 4) reverential quiet. (July wks. 1, 2) (Aug. wks. 2, 3) (Nov. wk. 4) and The Next Step (Dec. wks. 4, 5), by CQ Press, a division of SAGE. 731 Additional articles . Annual full-service subscriptions start at $803. For pric - SIDEBARS AND GRAPHICS ing, call 1-800-834-9020. To purchase a CQ Researcher Citing CQ Researcher report in print or electronic format (PDF), visit www. After 9/11, Few Killed in 731 Sample bibliography formats. cqpress.com or call 866-427-7737. Single reports start 704 Jihadist Attacks in U.S. at $15. Bulk purchase discounts and electronic-rights Individuals or groups embrac - licensing are also available. Pe ri od i cals post age paid ing jihadist views killed 14. at Wash ing ton, D.C., and ad di tion al mailing of fic es. POST MAST ER: Send ad dress chang es to CQ Re search - er , 2300 N St., N.W., Suite 800, Wash ing ton, DC 20037. Cover: CQ Press/Kenneth Jost 702 CQ Researcher Remembering 9/11 BY KENNETH JOST killed by Al Qaeda terrorists THE ISSUES at the World Trade Center in New York, the Pentagon in en years later, the gap - Northern Virginia and a field ing hole left in lower in rural Pennsylvania. ** (See T Manhattan by the dead - “9/11 Casualties,” p. 704; liest foreign attack on the “9/11 Memorials,” p. 709. ) United States in history re - The country has gone mains largely unfilled. * But a through a lot since 9/11: two new skyscraper is nearly two- wars, two close presidential thirds complete at Ground elections, two economic crises. Zero to replace the iconic But despite the continuing twin towers that stood there fears and foreboding in the for 30 years until the terrify - aftermath of the attacks, there ing morning of Sept. 11, 2001 . has not been another suc - When complete, 1 World cessful hijacking or bombing, Trade Center will rise 1,368 only thwarted attempts. In the a feet from ground level, topped m 10 years since 9/11, only 14 a T by an antenna structure that Americans have died within o i r will reach the symbolic a the United States in terrorist M / height of 1,776 feet. Many of s incidents clearly attributable to e g the visitors who come to the a radical Islamist views akin to m site from all over the coun - I Al Qaeda doctrine. ( For a com - y t try and around the world see t pilation of 30 CQ Researcher e construction of the 104-story G reports on 9/11-related issues Twin waterfalls and reflecting pools, located inside the building as a demonstration footprints of the destroyed World Trade Center towers, since 2001, see p. 730. ) in concrete and steel of form the centerpiece of the eight-acre 9/11 Memorial in “Our country is stronger American resolve after the New York City, to be dedicated Sept. 11. Some 400 oak than we were a decade ago,” terrorist attacks that so trees line the memorial plaza, and bronze parapets Department of Homeland Se - changed the United States, bear the names of the 2,983 persons killed in the 2001 curity (DHS) Secretary Janet terrorist attacks in Manhattan, at the Pentagon, in rural possibly forever. Pennsylvania and in the 1993 WTC garage bombing. Napolitano declared in June. “It’s so beautiful to see how “We have indeed bounced it’s coming,” says Ken Morris, a social worker on the original World Trade back from the worst attacks ever on worker with military veterans visiting Center. Like so many of the nation’s our soil. And we have made signifi - in mid-August from Fort Lauderdale, responses to 9/11, the building has cant progress in many fronts needed Fla., just as he has done almost every been and remains controversial — to protect ourselves.” 1 year for the past decade. “It’s sort of with debates over design, cost over - Napolitano’s predecessor agrees. like our anti-terrorism beacon saying, runs and public subsidies. ( See “World “We’ve done a lot to make us more ‘We will survive.’ ” Trade Center,” p. 720. ) secure,” said Michael Chertoff, who The building, due to be finished in Those controversies will be set held the Cabinet post for four years 2013, has been long in coming. “It’s aside on the 10th anniversary of the under President George W. Bush. Even a national shame that they haven’t done attacks, however, as President Barack if the country suffered a major terror - this much sooner,” says Gene Duffy, Obama leads a host of dignitaries in ist attack, Chertoff said, “We would not a former New Yorker visiting from dedicating the National September 11 fall to pieces.” 2 California whose father was an iron - Memorial. The centerpiece of the Outside experts also generally pro - eight-acre memorial and park will be nounce the United States safer.

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