DOCSLIB.ORG

Thesis That Tragic Troy Is by and Large a Projection of a Fifth-Century City

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thesis That Tragic Troy Is by and Large a Projection of a Fifth-Century City UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Tragic Troy and Athens: heroic space in Attic drama van Uum, P.T. Publication date 2013 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): van Uum, P. T. (2013). Tragic Troy and Athens: heroic space in Attic drama. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:30 Sep 2021 Tragic Troy and Athens Heroic Space in Attic Drama Space in Attic Heroic and Athens Troy Tragic Tragic Troy and Athens Heroic Space in Attic Drama Paul van Uum Paul van Uum van Paul Tragic Troy and Athens Heroic Space in Attic Drama ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. D.C. van den Boom ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Agnietenkapel op woensdag 18 december 2013, te 16 uur door Paul Theodorus van Uum geboren te Zevenaar Promotiecommissie Promotor: prof. dr. I.J.F. de Jong Overige leden: prof. dr. J.W. van Henten prof. dr. A.P.M.H. Lardinois prof. dr. I. Sluiter dr. M.P. de Bakker dr. J.P. Crielaard Faculteit der Geesteswetenschappen 3 Acknowledgements This book could not have been written without the help of several people, to whom I wish to express my sincere gratitude: My supervisor Irene de Jong, who selected me as her PhD student, super- vised my project, and proved not only to be a meticulous reader, but also a con- stant source of support and encouragement; Baukje van den Berg, Jan Paul Crielaard, Jo Heirman, Jan Willem van Henten, Niels Koopman, Maarten Prot, and John Tholen, who read various chapters of this book and thoroughly commented on them; The members of the Amsterdamse Hellenistenclub, who read my chapter on the acropolis and provided insightful suggestions for improvement; Christopher Pelling, Ineke Sluiter, and Rosalind Thomas, whose responses to my conference papers helped me improve my argument; The staff of the Department of Classics, Radboud University Nijmegen, in particular André Lardinois, who increased my interest in Greek poetry and helped me obtain the PhD-position in Amsterdam; Elizabeth Upper, who accurately corrected my English; The board and members of OIKOS (the National Research School in Classical Studies in the Netherlands), who contributed not only to my academic education, but also to my pleasure in academic life; Several other institutes that provided the financial means for me to conduct this project, particularly the NWO (Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Re- search), ICG (Institute of Culture and History, University of Amsterdam), and Phi- lologische Studiefonds; My parents Theo and José, whose unremitting confidence and support have carried me through. With gratitude I dedicate this book to them. Printer: GVO drukkers & vormgevers B.V. | Ponsen & Looijen Image on cover: Gavin Cre Hamilton, Hector's Farewell to Andromache, c. 1775-80. © The Hunterian, University of Glasgow 2013. 4 Contents Editions 6 Abbreviations 7 Introduction 8 1. Heroic space in tragedy: the state of the art 10 1 Ancient views 10 2 Modern views 15 3 Conclusion 23 2. Remembering heroic space: a framework of analysis 24 1 Remembering the past 24 2 Literary functions of space 37 3. Troy 42 3.1 The city 42 1 Wall 42 2 Temples 48 3 Altars 55 4 Statues 61 5 Houses 67 3.2 The Troad 76 1 Trojan plain 76 2 Graves 87 3 Mount Ida 99 3.3 Conclusion 110 4. Athens 113 4.1 Acropolis 113 1 Nature 114 2 Buildings and objects 122 4.2 Areopagus 130 5 4.3 Demes 137 1 Eleusis 137 2 Colonus 141 4.4 Conclusion 147 5. Heroic space in tragedy: conclusion 149 Summary 153 Samenvatting 157 Bibliography 161 6 Editions * The list only includes texts of which passages are quoted in full. Aeschylus Page D.L. 1972, Aeschyli septem quae supersunt tragoedias. Oxford. - fragments Radt S. 1985, Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta. Volume 3. Göttingen. - scholia Smith O.L. 1976-82, Scholia Graeca in Aeschylum quae exstant omnia. Leipzig. Herington C.J. 1972, The Older Scholia on the Prometheus Bound. Lei- den. Epic Cycle West M.L. 2003, Greek Epic Fragments. From the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries BC. Cambridge/London. Euripides Diggle J. 1984, Euripidis Fabulae. Oxford. - fragments Nauck A. [1889] 1964, Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta. Leipzig. Austin C. 1968, Nova fragmenta Euripidea in papyris reperta. Berlin. Page D.L. [1941] 1970, Select Papyri. Volume 3. London. - scholia Schwartz E. [1887-91] 1966, Scholia in Euripidem. Berlin. Homer Allen T.W. 1931, Homeri Ilias. Oxford. Mühll von der P. 1962, Homeri Odyssea. Basel. Sophocles Lloyd-Jones H., Wilson N.G. 1990, Sophoclis Fabulae. Oxford. - fragments Radt S. 1977, Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta. Volume 4. Göttingen. - scholia Papageorgius P.N. 1888, Scholia in Sophoclis tragoedias vetera. Leipzig. 7 Abbreviations *Abbreviations of ancient texts and authors are according to LSJ. AG Beckby H. 1965, Anthologia Graeca. Munich. CID Rougemont G. et alii 1977-2013, Corpus des inscriptions de Delphes. Athens. DELG Chantraine P. et alii 1968-80, Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grec- que. Paris. DK Diels H., Kranz W. 1951-2, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker. Zürich (sixth edition). DNP Cancik H., Schneider H., Landfester M., Der Neue Pauly. Brill Online. EDG Beekes G.R. 2010, Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Leiden. FGrH Jacoby F. 1923-58, Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker. Berlin/Leiden. HE Finkelberg M. 2010, The Homer Encyclopedia. Malden. IG Kirchhoff A. et alii 1860- , Inscriptiones Graecae. Berlin. LfgrE Snell B., Mette H.J. 1955-2010, Lexikon des frühgriechischen Epos. Göttingen. LIMC Ackermann H.C. 1981-99, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae. Zürich. LSJ Liddell H.G., Scott R., Stuart Jones H., McKenzie R. 1996, A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford (ninth edition). PMG Page D.L. 1962, Poetae Melici Graeci. Oxford. SEG Hondius J.J.E. et alii 1923- , Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum. Leiden. SG Page D.L. 1974, Supplementum lyricis Graecis. Oxford. TrGF Snell B., Kannicht R., Radt S.L. 1971-2004, Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmen- ta. Göttingen. 8 Introduction In 1997, Walt Disney released the movie Hercules, which brought the world of the Greek heroes to the big screen. This movie won many prizes, but none for histori- cal accuracy – and probably, rightly so. Although it contains a number of ele- ments from ancient Greece, such as temples and papyrus rolls, it largely resem- bles the late twentieth century. One only has to look at the city of Thebes, where Hercules lives. It has, for instance, a Walk of Fame, containing the footprints of Hercules and his winged horse Pegasus, as well as a ‘Hercules Store’, where citi- zens buy animation puppets and pay with credit cards called ‘Grecian Express’. People drink energy drinks called ‘Herculade’ and walk on ‘Herc Air’ sandals, for which big billboards hang in the city. The omnipresence of modern elements primarily aims at making the ancient Greek world understandable for little chil- dren, the target audience of the movie, although it may also have a comic side effect, particularly for adults. The ancient Greeks themselves also brought the heroic world to life, for ex- ample in literature, painting, and sculpture. This book deals with the ‘tragic world’, the heroic world presented in Attic tragedy of the fifth century BC.1 Whereas pre- vious studies have primarily focussed on the social and political aspects of this world, such as its relation to contemporary civic ideology,2 this book treats the largely neglected aspect of space, namely the physical features of the tragic world: the landscape, buildings, and objects. It analyses what the heroic world in tragedy ‘looks like’; in other words, what physical elements ‘build up’ the heroic world. It is striking that the topic of heroic space has received so little attention in studies of tragedy, while in Homeric scholarship it has been a subject of discus- sion for more than a century. A vexed question in this field is the historicity of the Homeric world, the relation between the represented world and the ‘real’ world. Scholars disagree whether the Homeric world is a real, historical world – either the Greek Bronze Age (1600-1200), the Dark Age (1200-750), or the Early Archaic Age (750-650) – or whether it has never existed as such. They try to date the Ho- meric world by identifying historical equivalents for buildings and objects de- 1 I shorten the phrase ‘heroic world in tragedy’ to ‘tragic world’ and ‘heroic world in Homer’ to ‘Homeric world’. 2 E.g. Easterling 1997, 21-37. According to Goldhill (1987), Meier (1988) and Carter (2007), the heroic world in tragedy is used to question contemporary civic ideology. 9 scribed by Homer.3 Although this debate is far from settled, I have chosen to focus on the historicity of the tragic world, since this topic has been largely neglected.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Class Struggle and Social Praxis in Republican Rome
    Discontents at Rome: 63 B.C. Class Struggle and Social Praxis in Republican Rome By E. H. Campbell Third Edition 2 © E. H. Campbell 2008 Inopibus Press: Seattle [email protected] http://inopibuspressseattle.blogspot.com 3 To Dr. Paul R. Dixon 4 Away from these he adds also the abodes of Hell, The high gates of Dis, the penalties of sin, And thee, Catiline, hanging on a frowning cliff, And trembling at the faces of the Furies; Far apart, the good, and Cato giving them laws. Aeneid 8.666-670. 5 If it were possible to present the same subject matter in one form and in no other, one might have reason to think it gratuitous to weary one‘s hearers by speaking again in the same manner as his predecessors; but since oratory is of such a nature that it is possible to discourse on the same subject matter in many different ways—to represent the great as lowly or invest the little with grandeur, to recount the things of old in a new manner or set forth events of recent date in an old fashion—it follows that one must not shun subjects upon which others have spoken before, but must try to speak better than they. For the deeds of the past are, indeed, an inheritance common to us all; but the ability to make proper use of them at the appropriate time, to conceive the right sentiments about them in each instance, and set them forth in finished phrase, is the peculiar gift of the wise.
    [Show full text]
  • 800 BC the ILIAD Homer Translated by Samuel Butler
    800 BC THE ILIAD Homer translated by Samuel Butler Homer (~800 BC) - An Ionian Poet. Historians cannot agree where Homer was born, whether he was blind, whether he wrote both the “Iliad” and the “Odyssey”, or even if he actually existed. Whatever the case may be, the influence of the two enduring epics attributed to him is indisputable. The Iliad (800 BC) - An epic poem consisting of twenty-four books that deal with the last few days of the Trojan War. Here translated into prose by Samuel Butler. Table Of Contents BOOK I . 3 BOOK II . 12 BOOK III . 25 BOOK IV . 32 BOOK V . 40 BOOK VI . 53 BOOK VII . 61 BOOK VIII . 68 BOOK IX . 76 BOOK X . 87 BOOK XI . 96 BOOK XII . 109 BOOK XIII . 116 BOOK XIV . 129 BOOK XV . 137 BOOK XVI . 148 BOOK XVII . 162 BOOK XVIII . 173 BOOK XIX . 182 BOOK XX . 188 BOOK XXI . 196 BOOK XXII . 205 BOOK XXIII . 213 BOOK XXIV . 227 THE END . 238 BOOK I Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans. Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures, for so were the counsels of Jove fulfilled from the day on which the son of Atreus, king of men, and great Achilles, first fell out with one another. And which of the gods was it that set them on to quarrel? It was the son of Jove and Leto; for he was angry with the king and sent a pestilence upon the host to plague the people, because the son of Atreus had dishonoured Chryses his priest.
    [Show full text]
  • The TROJAN WAR
    The TROJAN WAR The Chronicles of Dictys of Crete Indiana University Greek and Latin Classics and Dares the Phrygian TRANSLATED WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY R. M. FRAZER, JR. Indiana University Press BLOOMINGTON & LONDON CONTENTS INTRODUCTION The Medieval Troy Story 3 The Anti-Homeric Tradition 5 Dictys 7 Dares 11 The Translation 15 A JOURNAL OF THE TROJAN WAR by Dictys of Crete Letter 19 Preface 20 Book One 23 Book Two 37 Book Three 70 Book Four 87 Book Five 103 Book Six 119 THE FALL OF TROY, A HISTORY by Dares the Phrygian [Letter] 133 Sections 1-44 133 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Copyright © 1966 by Indiana University Press BIBLIOGRAPHY 169 Library of Congress catalog card number: 65-19709 NOTES 170 Manufactured in the United States of America INDEX OF PROPER NAMES 180 v THE TROJAN WAR The Chronicles Adcnowledgments of Dictys of Crete The present volume brings together for the first time in En­ and Dares the Phrygian glish translation the accounts of Dictys and Dares about the Trojan War. These works deserve our careful attention as the principal sources of the medieval Troy story and as examples of the anti-Homeric literature of late antiquity. In the introduction I have briefly described the influence of our authors on later European literature, and have tried to show how our Latin texts depend on Greek originals. For the latter purpose I have found the scholarship of Nathaniel Edward Griffin especially rewarding for Dictys and that of Otmar Schissel von Fleschenberg for Dares. I have used the notes to comment on matters of form (how our Latin texts probably differ from their Greek originals), to point out difficulties and incon­ sistencies, and to cite some of the sources and parallel versions of the stories that Dictys and Dares tell.
    [Show full text]
  • Preview from Notesale.Co.Uk Page 4 of 42
    Nath 4 who was mean spirited and politically foolish. He tried to avoid paying his debt to the gods and refused hospitality to Jason and Hercules. Troy, for all its power and elegance, has smudges on its reputation. Excellence, and therefore victory, is clearly on the side of the Greeks. However, the Trojans must display sufficient excellence to provide glory to their conquerors. And so they do. Indeed, they are good enough to inspire later civilizations to make them into their ancestral heroes. This is a wonderful irony of the Troy stories--the winners become transmuted into losers, and the losers into winners, in the great culture wars of later civilizations. The Iliad can be difficult for modern readers, because it tells of an archaic, heroic, violent world whose values are strange to us and whose heroes behave badly by our standards. The Iliad is a violent poem about brutalPreview men, none more brutal from than Achilles. Notesale.co.uk Their excellence is in their pursuit of fame and honor, in their intelligence, leadership and friendships, and in their killing skills. Their angerPage is passionate, brutal,4 of at times 42 whipped into mad frenzy by the gods. Homer describes battles in carefully anatomical, formulaic detail; the spear goes in the liver and out the nostrils, the body drops to the dust, the corpses pile up, men die over one priceless, worthless, woman, Helen, who ran off with the worthless Trojan Prince Paris. The Iliad is about escalating anger and its final bitter resolution. It starts with the pointless, impious anger of Agamemnon at the priest Chryseis, who tries to ransom his daughter with appropriate treasure.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geography of the Iliad in Ancient Scholarship by Cassandra J. Borges
    The Geography of the Iliad in Ancient Scholarship by Cassandra J. Borges A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Classical Studies) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor Richard Janko, Chair Professor Ruth S. Scodel Associate Professor Francesca Schironi Assistant Professor Ian S. Moyer Acknowledgements This dissertation is fundamentally about how nothing scholarly happens in a vacuum. There is nothing like the process of writing a dissertation to bring this truth home. I could not have sustained this project without the help and encouragement of an assortment of people, both within and without the academy. Thanks go first to my committee, who collectively taught me a lot about working within a scholarly tradition. My advisor, Richard Janko, brought an incredible breadth and depth of learning and a rigorous eye for detail to the project; without his initial shrewd guess that what this particular budding Homerist needed was scholia, it never would have happened. It has been a privilege to work with him. Ruth Scodel has provided a number of astute and perceptive comments on the Iliad, and her propensity to get inside the psychology of everyone from Antenor to Zenodotus was tremendously bracing; she has helped to sharpen and focus my thought. Francesca Schironi, a late (and lucky, from my perspective!) addition to the project, was a superb and enthusiastic resource for how to deal with Homeric scholarship. Finally, Ian Moyer has bravely dealt with an unfamiliar mass of material, and I appreciate his enthusiasm for the idea of doing cultural history through the scholia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Iliad with an English Translation
    ®od^ ^.omertbe ju fctn, aud& nut aU lehtn, ift fc^en.-GoETHi HOMER THE ILIAD WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION A. T. MURRAY, Ph.D. PEOFESSOR OV CLASSICAL LITERATURK, STANFORD UNIVERSITIT, CALIFORNIA LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD NEW YORK: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS MCMXXVIII CONTENTS OF VOLUME I Introduction Vil 2 Book I. 50 Book II. 116 Book III, 152 Book IV. Book V. 194 Book VI. 262 Book VIL 302 Book VIII. 338 Book IX. 382 Book X. 436 Book XL 480 Book XII, 544 INTRODUCTION In rendering the Iliad the translator has in the main followed the same principles as those which guided him in his translation of the Odyssey. He has endeavoured to give a version that in some measure retains the flowing ease and simple directness of Homer's style, and that has due regard to the emphasis attaching to the arrangement of words in the original ; and to make use of a diction that, while elevated, is, he trusts, not stilted. To attain to the nobility of Homer's manner may well be beyond the possibilities of modern English prose. Matters of a controversial nature have as a rule not been touched upon in the notes to this edition, and the brief bibhography is meant merely to sug- gest books of high interest and value to the student of the Iliad. Few of those which deal primarily with the higher criticism have been included, because the ti'anslator is convinced that such matters lie wholly outside the scope of this book. In the brief introduction prefixed to his version of the Odyssey the translator set forth frankly the fact that to many scholars it seems impossible to speak of Homer as a definite individual, or to accept the view that in the early period either the Iliad or the Odyssey had attained a fixed form.
    [Show full text]
  • A Place of Burning Pages 381–429 Hero Or Ancestor Cult at Troy
    hesperia 80 (2011) A Place of Burning Pages 381–429 Hero or Ancestor Cult at Troy ABSTRACT This article presents the evidence for Early Archaic ritual activity on the site of a Late Bronze Age cemetery a short distance outside the walls of Troy, at a spot known to excavators as “A Place of Burning.” Here, as at the West Sanctuary adjacent to the citadel, the evidence follows a pattern similar to that found in hero and ancestor cults at other sites. Growing population in the region may have led the inhabitants of Troy to use associations with Bronze Age remains as a way of strengthening territorial claims and bolstering the power of the local elite. INTRODUCTION In 1932, on a gentle slope northwest of the Trojan citadel, Carl Blegen and a team of excavators from the University of Cincinnati found what they interpreted as evidence of cremations conducted at the site during the Late Bronze Age and Archaic period.1 Since then this spot, which they named “A Place of Burning,” has attracted little scholarly attention.2 In 2003–2005 a team from the University of Tübingen resumed excavation at the site, and analysis of the new finds suggests a somewhat different conclusion. A large number of vessel fragments probably do belong to Late Bronze Age (LBA) cremation urns, and thus support part of Blegen’s original interpre- tation. The Early Archaic material, however, can be better understood as 1. Blegen 1932, pp. 441–444; Diane Thumm-Doğrayan. John Wall- 2. Huxley (1966, p. 157) has Troy III, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Who's Who in Classical Mythology
    Who’s Who in Classical Mythology The Routledge Who’s Who series Accessible, authoritative and enlightening, these are the definitive biographical guides to a diverse range of subjects drawn from literature and the arts, history and politics, religion and mythology. Who’s Who in Ancient Egypt Michael Rice Who’s Who in the Ancient Near East Gwendolyn Leick Who’s Who in Christianity Lavinia Cohn-Sherbok Who’s Who in Classical Mythology Michael Grant and John Hazel Who’s Who in Contemporary Gay and Lesbian History Edited by Robert Aldrich and Garry Wotherspoon Who’s Who in Contemporary Women’s Writing Edited by Jane Eldridge Miller Who’s Who in Contemporary World Theatre Edited by Daniel Meyer-Dinkegräfe Who’s Who in Dickens Donald Hawes Who’s Who in Europe 1450–1750 Henry Kamen Who’s Who in Gay and Lesbian History Edited by Robert Aldrich and Garry Wotherspoon Who’s Who in the Greek World John Hazel Who’s Who in Jewish History Joan Comay, revised by Lavinia Cohn-Sherbok Who’s Who in Military History John Keegan and Andrew Wheatcroft Who’s Who in Modern History Alan Palmer Who’s Who in Nazi Germany Robert S.Wistrich Who’s Who in the New Testament Ronald Brownrigg Who’s Who in Non-Classical Mythology Egerton Sykes, revised by Alan Kendall Who’s Who in the Old Testament Joan Comay Who’s Who in the Roman World John Hazel Who’s Who in Russia since 1900 Martin McCauley Who’s Who in Shakespeare Peter Quennell and Hamish Johnson Who’s Who of Twentieth-Century Novelists Tim Woods Who’s Who in Twentieth-Century World Poetry Edited by Mark Willhardt
    [Show full text]
  • The Iliad of Homer
    THE ILIAD OF HOMER Rendered into English Prose for the use of those who cannot read the original by Samuel Butler BOOK I The quarrel between Agamemnon and Achilles--Achilles withdraws from the war, and sends his mother Thetis to ask Jove to help the Trojans--Scene between Jove and Juno on Olympus. Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans. Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures, for so were the counsels of Jove fulfilled from the day on which the son of Atreus, king of men, and great Achilles, first fell out with one another. And which of the gods was it that set them on to quarrel? It was the son of Jove and Leto; for he was angry with the king and sent a pestilence upon the host to plague the people, because the son of Atreus had dishonoured Chryses his priest. Now Chryses had come to the ships of the Achaeans to free his daughter, and had brought with him a great ransom: moreover he bore in his hand the sceptre of Apollo wreathed with a suppliant's wreath, and he besought the Achaeans, but most of all the two sons of Atreus, who were their chiefs. "Sons of Atreus," he cried, "and all other Achaeans, may the gods who dwell in Olympus grant you to sack the city of Priam, and to reach your homes in safety; but free my daughter, and accept a ransom for her, in reverence to Apollo, son of Jove." On this the rest of the Achaeans with one voice were for respecting the priest and taking the ransom that he offered; but not so Agamemnon, who spoke fiercely to him and sent him roughly away.
    [Show full text]
  • The Iliad of Homer
    The Iliad of Homer The Samuel Butler translation (1898) edited with notes by E. E. Garvin ©2014 Contents and timeline Timeline Lines Book One: Proem [1 - 7] A Plague on the Greeks Flashback 9 days [8 - 52] Assembly Day 1 [53 - 303] Exchange of the Captives [304 - 488] Thetis Beseeches Zeus Day 2 [488 - 611] Book Two: Zeus Sends a Lie [1 - 83] Assembly [84 - 393] Agamemnon's Breakfast [394 - 493] Catalogue of the Ships [494 - 785] Catalogue of the Trojans and Allies [786 - 877] Book Three: A Challenge to Duel [1 - 120] Helen Names the Captains [121 - 244] Oaths and Single Combat [245 - 382] Helen and Paris (Alexander) [383 - 461] Book Four: The Oaths Violated [1 - 219] Agamemnon Rallies the Captains [220 - 421] First Battle [422 - 544] Book Five: The Aristeia of Diomedes (to vi.236) Diomedes Leads the Charge [1 - 94] Athena Gives Diomedes Divine Sight [95 - 165] Aeneas Fights Diomedes [166 - 329] Aphrodite and Apollo [330 - 459] Battle [460 - 698] Athena and Hera Intervene [699 - 909] Book Six: Battle: [1 - 118] Diomedes and Glaucus [119 - 236] Hector and Hecuba [237 - 311] Hector and Paris [312 - 368] Hector and Andromache [369 - 529] Iliad - ii Book Seven: Summary [1 – 344] An offer of Peace and a Truce: [354 - 482] Book Eight: Zeus' Warning to the Gods [1 - 52] Summary [53 - 334] Hera and Athena Attempt to Intervene [335 - 488] The Trojans Camp [489 - 561] Book Nine: The Assembly of the Achaeans [1 - 88] Agamemnon's Offer [89 - 306] Achilles' Reply [307 - 429] The Speech of Phoenix [430 - 601] Achilles Second Reply [602 - 709] Book
    [Show full text]
  • Information Gathering in Classical Greece Front.Qxd 10/18/1999 2:09 PM Page Ii Front.Qxd 10/18/1999 2:09 PM Page Iii
    front.qxd 10/18/1999 2:09 PM Page i Information Gathering in Classical Greece front.qxd 10/18/1999 2:09 PM Page ii front.qxd 10/18/1999 2:09 PM Page iii Information Gathering in Classical Greece Frank Santi Russell Ann Arbor front.qxd 10/18/1999 2:09 PM Page iv Copyright © by the University of Michigan 1999 All rights reserved Published in the United States of America by The University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America c Printed on acid-free paper 2002 2001 2000 1999 4 3 2 1 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Russell, Frank Santi, 1965– Information gathering in classical Greece / Frank Santi Russell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-472-11064-0 (cl. : alk. paper) 1. Military intelligence—Greece. 2. Greece—History—To 146 B.C. 3. Greece—History, Military. I. Title. UB251.G8R87 1999 327.1238—dc21 99-047317 front.qxd 10/18/1999 2:09 PM Page v Without fail, a man harms his foes thus: those things that they most dread he discovers, carefully investigates, then in›icts on them. —Thucydides 6.91.6 It hasn’t changed —Milt Beardon, Director, U.S. covert action in Afghanistan from 1986 to 1989 front.qxd 10/18/1999 2:09 PM Page vi front.qxd 10/18/1999 2:09 PM Page vii Acknowledgments It is ‹tting and just that my ‹rst thanks should go to Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Harald Hildetand and ROLLO in the Trojan House of Charlemagne `A Lion Cub Judah Is' (Genesis 49:9)
    Harald Hildetand AND ROLLO in the Trojan House of Charlemagne `A lion cub Judah is' (Genesis 49:9) by Rolf Ward Green (son of Ralph Ellis Green and Flora Marie Skanes) Royal Coat of Arms – United Kingdom Official Flag of Normandy Danish Coat of Arms Rollo's Lion Standard Lion Gate, Mycenae, Greece Dudo of St. Quentin, a close friend of Richard I of Normandy the grandson of Rollo, writes the history of Norman people in France as a favour to Richard as Richard is two years from death and thus far no such record has been written. The old Roman name for the town of St. Quentin was Augusta Veruomanduorum, and it was Count of Vermandois Albert I The Pious (first cousin to Richard I of Normandy) who founded in 964 at St. Quentin the monastery of St. Quentin. Albert of Vermandois sent Dudo to Richard in 986, and it is on his second visit that he writes his History of the Normans, or, as it is called in the Latin, Gesta Normannorum to be dated 1000. Richard I died in Fecamp, Normandy by the latest source 1002. Richard's wife Gunnor is of Danish descent by means of Harald Hildetand through a line of Danish kings— Gunnor, her father Herbastus de Crepon Arque who married Gunnhild Olafsdottir, his father Herfast de Crepon Arque (Noble House of Danes of Scandia in the Sjaelland Island) who married Elfgifu of Wessex (daughter of Alfred The Great and Ealhswith of the Gaini), his father Harold Parcus of Denmark who married Elgiva the daughter of Ethelred I of England, his father Gorm Enske of Denmark who married Sida of Denmark, his father Frodo of Denmark,
    [Show full text]