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ANIMAL MOVEMENTS • MOVING ANIMALS ANIMAL MOVEMENTS • MOVING ANIMALS ANIMAL in Particular Ways

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ANIMAL MOVEMENTS • MOVING ANIMALS ANIMAL MOVEMENTS • MOVING ANIMALS ANIMAL in Particular Ways JACOB BULL JACOB The encounters between animals and humans are not static. They are prac- ticed, dynamic and ongoing. Therefore direction, velocity and the way that different power relations converge to enable or prevent movement is fun- damental to the understandings of humanimal encounters. Indeed we may | consider animals as movements – that we expect them to move and to move ANIMAL MOVEMENTS • MOVING ANIMALS ANIMAL ANIMALS MOVEMENTS • MOVING in particular ways. A cat stalks in a feline manner, a pig trots, falcons dive, and ESSAYS ON DIRECTION, VELOCITY AND AGENCY IN HUMANIMAL ENCOUNTERS whales breech. Scaling these movements beyond the individual we get shoals, flocks and herds, which circle, migrate and define territories. Thus to compre- hend the animal question is to comprehend the primacy of movement. This book therefore brings together a variety of work from a range of disciplines to begin to address the complex and diverse ways that speed, direction and velocity shape humanimal interaction. BOB CARTER NICKIE CHARLES SIMONE DENNIS REBEKAH FOX CARL J. GRIFFIN AMANDA HUFFINGHAM LESLEY INSTONE FREDRIK KARLSSON KATHY MEE RICHIE NIMMO ANNA RABINOWICZ DAVID REDMALM PERDITA PHILLIPS PETA TAIT Skrifter från Centrum för genusvetenskap JESSICA ULLRICH / Crossroads of Knowledge 17 EDITED BY JACOB BULL KATIE WALSH Editor: Martha Blomqvist 2011 Uppsala Universitetstryckeriet, 17 Centre for Gender Research ANIMAL MOVEMENTS • MOVING ANIMALS ESSAYS ON DIRECTION, VELOCITY AND AGENCY IN HUMANIMAL ENCOUNTERS animal movements • moving animals | 1 2 | JACOB BULL ANIMAL MOVEMENTS • MOVING ANIMALS ESSAYS ON DIRECTION, VELOCITY AND AGENCY IN HUMANIMAL ENCOUNTERS EdITED BY JACOB BuLL animal movements • moving animals | 3 Animal Movements • Moving Animals Essays on direction, velocity and agency in humanimal encounters Edited by Jacob Bull Crossroads of Knowledge Skrifter från centrum för genusvetenskap Uppsala University Uppsala 2011 ISBN: 978-91-978186-7-4 © Authors and Centre for gender research Printed in Sweden by University Printers, Uppsala, 2011 Can be ordered from: Centre for Gender Research, Uppsala University Box 634, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden Fax 018-471 35 70 E-mail: [email protected] Layout and typesetting: Camilla Eriksson 4 | JACOB BULL Contents Foreword 11 The centre for gender research 11 The HumAnimal group 12 Acknowledgements 13 Notes on the contributors 15 Jacob Bull | Introducing movement and animals 23 Movement 23 Animal movements 27 The politics of movement 27 Commodified movements 29 Movement as practice 29 Moving and identity 30 Being in movement 31 (re)presenting movement 32 The chapters 33 References 39 Carl J. Griffin | Between companionship and antipathy: animal maiming in the nineteenth-century English countryside 41 Introduction 41 Animal-human in the English countryside 44 Maiming 47 Conclusions 51 References 54 animal movements • moving animals | 5 Richie Nimmo | Bovine mobilities and vital movements: flows of milk, mediation and animal agency 57 Introduction: ontology and movement 57 Vital flows of milk 60 Making the animal absent 64 Ordering and disordering flows 67 Concluding reflections: movement and animal agency 71 References 74 Simone Dennis | Ambiguous rats and ambivalent mice: crossing the great divides in scientific practice 75 Introduction 75 Between human and animal 78 Fleshy and indistinctive kinships 86 Conclusion 94 References 95 Rebekah Fox and Katie Walsh | Furry belongings: pets, migration and home 97 Introduction 97 Case study: British migrants to Dubai 98 Changing animal-human relations and the international relocation of pets 100 Migration to Dubai: belonging and the more-than-human family 103 Pets left-behind: care, abandonment, and the power relations of animal-human relationships 110 Conclusion 114 References 116 6 | JACOB BULL David Redmalm | Why look at Tinkerbell? Notes regarding the Paris Hilton Syndrome 119 Introduction 119 The Simple Life: ‘stilettos in cow shit’ 122 Tinkerbell’s autobiography: ‘that’s a lot of pressure to be adorable’ 124 Canine consumption: ‘a living proof that you can buy love’ 128 Conclusion 132 References 136 Anna Rabinowicz and Amanda Huffingham | Animal locomotion: taking steps toward bio-inspired prosthetic and robotic design 139 Introduction 139 Introducing bio-inspired design 139 Implications for sustainability 140 Methods 144 From bio-mimicry to bio-inspiration 144 Methodologies of bio-inspired development 145 Analysis of methodologies 148 Results 149 Animal motion and behaviour address human needs 149 Cruise control: animal speed as inspiration 150 Extreme resilience: animal adaptability as inspiration 153 Challenges 154 Discussion 155 The ethics of bio-inspired design: cyborgs, robots and athletes 155 References 158 animal movements • moving animals | 7 Perdita Phillips | The case of the lengthening legs: cane toads in northern Australia 161 Introduction 161 Feral paths 162 Cane toad velocities 164 The tidal wave 168 The feral reversal 176 Limpy 180 Cultural intermediaries 181 Why are cane toads so successful? 183 Adaptation 184 Conclusion 189 Acknowledgements 190 References 191 Peta Tait | Animal performers in action and sensory perception 197 Training seeing/feeling 199 Spectator seeing/feeling 203 References 211 Jessica Ullrich | Run with the wolves: animal road movies in contemporary art 213 Roaming Venice 215 “Dogcumentaries” 218 Video voices of wild animals 221 Who leads the movie? 224 References 228 Appendix 1: Websites with video samples 228 8 | JACOB BULL Lesley Instone and Kathy Mee | Companion Acts and companion species: boundary transgressions and the place of dogs in urban public space 229 Introduction 229 Companion species and urban space: approaches and methods 232 Dog parks in Newcastle 235 Technologies of bounding and binding humans, dogs and park space 237 Enacting the dog-park 241 Conclusion 245 References 248 Bob Carter and Nickie Charles | Conceptualising agency in human-animal relations: a sociological approach 251 Developing a sociological concept of agency 252 Communicating across the species barrier 260 Conclusion 264 References 266 Fredrik Karlsson | Care-ethics and the moving animal: the roles of love and sympathy in encountering the animal being 269 Introduction 269 Care-ethics and the encounter with the animal as another being 270 Sympathy: acknowledging the animal’s suffering 273 Love: acknowledging the animal’s existence 274 Sympathy and love compared 276 Conclusion 281 References 283 animal movements • moving animals | 9 10 | JACOB BULL Foreword the Centre for gender Research The Centre for Gender Research, Uppsala University, aims to pro- mote lasting interdisciplinary encounters and networking across the border between the cultural and natural sciences. By bridg- ing the organisational and scientific divides, we offer a meeting place for researchers and students from different disciplinary backgrounds. With the help of the Swedish Research Council’s funding of strong research environments 2007–2011, we have cre- ated an internationally recognised research environment, which promotes empirical investigations and theoretical reflections on the way gender and gendered knowledge is produced in the bor- derland between the cultural and the natural sciences and in the knowledge-producing interactions between empirical research, theory and teaching. The process is not initiated from strictly disciplinary stand- points, instead our starting points are such themes that are being investigated today and theorised within the humanities as well as the natural and social sciences. We want to create a forum for interdisciplinary encounters about sex and gender, animals and humans, nature and culture, and to develop a research environ- ment where disciplinary differences will become methodological advantages that enrich the kinds of questions asked and theories produced. As part of the project, the centre has initiated and co- ordinated a highly successful book series with 18 publications so far; it covers a range of topics, approaches and issues and reflects animal movements • moving animals | 11 the diverse research at the centre. The research is arranged between five research groups: the Body/Embodiment Group, the GenPhys Group, the Masculinities Group, the Education group and the HumAnimal group. This book project has been coordinated through the HumAnimal group. The HumAnimal group The study of human-animal relations is a fascinating but still rela- tively unexplored research area. This reflects the social sciences and humanities in general reluctantance in dealing with the classi- cal nature/culture divide. While “society” consists of humans and their interaction in institutions and culture, other animals become excluded and conceptualised as “nature”. The presence of animals can thereby, on the one hand, “decivilise” human activities and urban places. But on the other hand, there is a strong Western tradition of linking the treatment of other animals with degrees of civilization: the more “humane”, the higher the civilisation. Put together, they point towards an interesting potential openness of categories and flexibility in the understanding of humans and oth- er animals. This potential openness creates a space for question- ing taken for granted discourses and truths, and this is where the critical potential of animal studies lies. Internationally, human-an- imal studies is a growing, interdisciplinary, field with specialised journals, conferences and networks. However, in the Scandinavian context, the existence
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