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Universidade De São Paulo Faculdade De UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS ORIENTAIS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA, LITERATURA E CULTURA JAPONESA PRISCILA GEROLDE GAVA A mitologia judaico-cristã e o herói japonês: a jornada mítica de Mudō Setsuna no mangá Angel Sanctuary Versão Corrigida São Paulo 2018 PRISCILA GEROLDE GAVA A mitologia judaico-cristã e o herói japonês: a jornada mítica de Mudō Setsuna no mangá Angel Sanctuary Versão Corrigida Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Língua, Literatura e Cultura Japonesa da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Letras. Área de Concentração: Língua, Literatura e Cultura Japonesa Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Neide Hissae Nagae São Paulo 2018 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001. GAVA, P. G. A mitologia judaico-cristã e o herói japonês: a jornada mítica de Mudō Setsuna no mangá Angel Sanctuary. Dissertação (Mestrado em Língua, Literatura e Cultura Japonesa) – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2018. Aprovado em: Banca Examinadora Prof. Dr.____________________________Instituição:____________________________ Julgamento:_________________________ Assinatura:____________________________ Prof. Dr.____________________________Instituição:____________________________ Julgamento:_________________________ Assinatura:____________________________ Prof. Dr.____________________________Instituição:____________________________ Julgamento:_________________________ Assinatura:____________________________ AGRADECIMENTOS À Professora Doutora Neide Hissae Nagae pela orientação, apoio e paciência durante essa jornada no Mestrado. Aos Professores Doutores João Luís Ceccantini, Juliana Graciani e Waldomiro Vergueiro pelos valiosos esclarecimentos, inestimáveis contribuições, incentivo e gentileza na qualificação e na defesa desta dissertação. À minha família, que me ajudou a dar o primeiro passo em direção à pós-graduação, pela paciência e pelo incentivo ao longo de todo esse processo. Aos meus pais, Bete e Valdir Gava, pelo imenso apoio de sempre, e aos meus irmãos, Juliana e Daniel, pela compreensão e companhia nos eventos acadêmicos. Aos amigos da pós-graduação, Luciana Arruda, Lidia Ivasa e Rodrygo Tanaka, pelas conversas, troca de ideias e aventuras. Aos primos e amigos que me incentivaram no decorrer desse período e estiveram presentes das mais variadas formas. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), por ter me concedido uma bolsa de estudos sem a qual eu não conseguiria terminar este trabalho. Ao Programa de Aperfeiçoamento de Ensino (PAE), pelo auxílio, compreensão e atendimento pronto e cordial. Aos funcionários da biblioteca do Centro de Estudos Japoneses da USP, pela ajuda e cordialidade. Agradeço, finalmente, a todos os meus amigos e colegas, especialmente aos que compartilham comigo o amor pelas histórias em quadrinhos, mangás, literatura fantástica, filmes, animações, e todas essas coisas maravilhosas que enchem nosso mundo de mágica. されどわれら悪魔の族はその性悪なれど、善を忘れず。右の眼は「いんへるの」の 無間の暗を見るとも云えど、左の眼は今もなお、「ぱらいそ」の光を麗しと、常に 天上を眺むるなり。 るしへる、芥川龍之介 Mesmo que nós demônios tenhamos caráter maligno, não nos esquecemos da bondade. Nosso olho direito está olhando para a escuridão eterna do Inferno, enquanto nosso olho esquerdo está sempre fixo na bela luz do Paraíso. Lúcifer, Akutagawa Ryūnosuke RESUMO GAVA, P. G. A mitologia judaico-cristã e o herói japonês: a jornada mítica de Mudō Setsuna no mangá Angel Sanctuary. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2018. O presente trabalho propõe a análise da trajetória do protagonista do mangá Angel Sanctuary, da autora Yuki Kaori, publicado originalmente no Japão entre 1994 e 2000, sob a luz da jornada do herói de Joseph Campbell, a fim de traçar seu perfil como herói japonês contemporâneo de mangá. Propõe-se juntamente a análise do diálogo da obra com a mitologia judaico-cristã, principal fonte de inspiração e referências da autora para a confecção de sua história. Para tanto, é feita uma apresentação dos elementos próprios das histórias em quadrinhos e da jornada do herói, para que depois sejam aplicadas ao mangá Angel Sanctuary, no qual são apontadas as etapas da jornada e seus arquétipos, assim como suas relações com as mitologias nas quais são baseados. A análise aponta para uma diferença entre o pensamento tipicamente japonês, que tende a encarar com naturalidade a presença de forças opostas num mesmo ser e na natureza, em contraste com a forte separação entre Bem e Mal presente nas religiões judaico-cristãs. Palavras-chave: Mangá. Jornada do herói. Mitologia. Judaico-cristianismo. Cultura japonesa. ABSTRACT GAVA, P. G. Judeo-Christian Mythology and the Japanese Hero: Mudō Setsuna’s Mythic Journey in the Manga Angel Sanctuary. Dissertation (Master’s Degree). Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. This dissertation thesis proposes the analysis of the trajectory of the manga Angel Sanctuary’s protagonist, from author Yuki Kaori, originally published in Japan between 1994 and 2000, considering Joseph Campbell’s Hero’s Journey, in order to trace his profile as a contemporary Japanese manga hero. It also proposes the analysis of the manga’s dialog with the Judeo- Christian mythology, main source of the author’s inspiration and references for the confection of her story. To do so, the characteristic elements of comic books and the Hero’s Journey are presented, so that they can be applied to Angel Sanctuary, in which the journey’s steps and archetypes are indicated, as well as their relations to the mythologies in which they are based. The analysis points to a difference between typical Japanese thinking, that tends to face the presence of opposing forces inside a single being and in nature with naturality, in contrast with the well-defined separation between Good and Evil existent in Judeo-Christian religions. Keywords: Manga. The Hero’s Journey. Mythology. Judeo-Christianism. Japanese Culture. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figura 01 – Exemplo de emakimono ................................................................................ 18 Figura 02 – Página do volume 12 de Hokusai Manga........................................................ 19 Figura 03 – The Japan Punch (1862), de Charles Wirgman …………………………………………… 20 Figura 04 – Tokyo Puck (東京パック, 1905), de Kitazawa Rakuten ................................ 20 Figura 05 – Astro Boy ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 21 Figura 06 – Princesa Safiri ................................................................................................. 21 Figura 07 – O gekiga e a vida cotidiana ............................................................................ 22 Figura 08 – O assassino de aluguel Duke Tōgō ................................................................. 22 Figura 09 – A estudante Miura Ira .................................................................................... 23 Figura 10 – Maria Antonieta e Oscar ................................................................................ 23 Figura 11 – Mulher Maravilha e Ares ............................................................................... 27 Figura 12 – Thor e seu martelo Mjölnir ............................................................................ 27 Figura 13 – Os Deuses se reúnem no Palácio de Morpheus ............................................. 27 Figura 14 – Atena e seus cavaleiros .................................................................................. 28 Figura 15 – Selene do Reino Lunar ................................................................................... 28 Figura 16 – O xamã Asakura Yō ........................................................................................ 29 Figura 17 – O meio yōkai Inuyasha e a humana Kagome ................................................. 29 Figura 18 – O exorcista John Constantine ........................................................................ 30 Figura 19 – Lucifer Samael Morningstar ........................................................................... 30 Figura 20 – Misaki e sua boneca anjo Hikaru ................................................................... 31 Figura 21 – Nagisa Kaworu, o último anjo ........................................................................ 31 Figura 22 – Mudō Setsuna ................................................................................................ 32 Figura 23 – Yuki Kaori ............................................................................ .......................... 36 Figura 24 – Setsuna e Sara em destaque na revista ......................................................... 37 Figura 25 – Alexiel em destaque na revista ...................................................................... 37 Figura 26 – Setsuna e Sara envoltos em sangue e rosas .................................................. 39 Figura 27 – Kami, da banda Malice Mizer ........................................................................ 40 Figura 28 – Lúcifer,
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