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Seed Money Project Partnership: 1 “BSR youth social entrepreneurship development BYSED” Research on educational needs in the social entrepreneurship in youth sector in the Baltic Sea Region EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region Policy Area Education – Education, research and employability Study based on the situation in: Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland Seed money project partnership: 1. Baltic Institute for Regional and European Concern BISER (PL) – Lead Partner 2. Social Innovation Centre (LV) 3. Social Enterpreneurs in Denmark (DK) 4. Estonian Social Enterprise Network (EE) 5. Public Institution "Sveikatingumo idėjos" (LT) 6. The Welfare Department of the Riga City Council (LV) 7. Gdańsk City Council (PL) 1 Content I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 3 II. Methodology of the research ............................................................................................ 10 III. Results of research ............................................................................................................ 12 1. Analysis of the available secondary data and complementary projects in the Baltic Sea Region ....................................................................................................................................... 12 2. Legislative support of social entrepreneurship in youth sector including youth policy .... 24 3. Educational support of social entrepreneurship in youth sector, including the mapping of stakeholders and cooperation with them. .................................................................................. 46 4. Case studies - describing the best cases for supporting social entrepreneurship in youth sector at the municipal, national, private level. ........................................................................ 70 5. Analysis of focus groups transcripts - collecting the opinions of stakeholders about educational needs in the social entrepreneurship in youth sector. ............................................ 90 IV. Conclusions and recommendations.................................................................................. 98 V. Bibliography and reffrences ............................................................................................... 105 2 I. Introduction Youth unemployment is an urgent issue in the EU and the Baltic Sea region. This initiative intends to increase the number of high school pupils and students (youth of age 15-25) engaged in social entrepreneurial practices during their studies. It supports the development of regional/local policies supporting social entrepreneurship activities for youth to help combating youth unemployment in the Baltic Sea region. The project focuses on the development of methodology for creation of cross- border youth – oriented social enterprises and strengthening skills of youth workers involved in social entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurship develops dynamically in many countries as an alternative way of solving social problems. It has also been a subject of interest in most Baltic Sea Region (BSR) countries but for a relatively short time. In Poland and the Baltic States, it was first addressed only in the 1990s, whereas in western BSR countries, the notion had already been widely known from late 70’s of the 20th century. Social entrepreneurship concept is narrower than the concept of social economy and is variously interpreted and defined in different disciplines. M. Yunus defines social entrepreneurship as an initiative of social consequences, taken by an entrepreneur with a social vision, where the initiative may be both non-economic, associated with charity or business oriented, for personal profit or without such an option [1]. In the EU’s documents, the term 'social enterprise' is used to cover the following types of business [2]: those for which the social or societal objective of the common good is the reason for the commercial activity, often in the form of a high-level of social innovation, those where profits are mainly reinvested with a view to achieving this social objective, those where the method of organization or ownership system reflects their mission, using democratic or participatory principles or focusing on social justice. EUROPE 2020 strategy states that growth has to be delivered through strong emphasis on job creation and poverty reduction, and social entrepreneurship may serve as a tool of work mobilization, especially for people threatened with social exclusion. Concepts of social economy prove to be more effective than other approaches in the realities of the global economy crisis. Social entrepreneurship is exactly a new method to be used to overcome the existing challenges, as the main aim of social entrepreneurship is to bring positive impact on society through different innovative approaches in employment, poverty reduction, a better access to education, social security, medical assistance and the protection of environment [ibid]. Social entrepreneurs drive social innovation and transformation in various fields including education, health, environment and enterprise development. The latest estimates of European Commission say that today in the EU, 6.5% of the working age population are employed through social economy [3]. Recently, attention is given to social business legislation development and implementation in all BSR countries presented in the report but almost no emphasis is put on the practical methods, 3 support and promotion within youth sector. Youth employability and entrepreneurship is one of the key priorities in the European Union (EU) in 2014-2020, but it is as well one of the key challenges as youth unemployment rate in Latvia reached 18.2%, in Estonia 14,4, in Lithuania 18,5% and in Poland 24% (Eurostat 2014, European Commission, 2014). ENTREPRENEURSHIP 2020 ACTION PLAN states that there is a need to exploit entrepreneurship potential. One of the possibilities to decrease unemployment and make Baltic Sea region countries more competitive is to develop proper support mechanisms for youth entrepreneurship, especially social entrepreneurship. Since there are different definitions and different legal forms of social enterprises implemented on the national level in all researched countries, it is difficult to measure and compare the social entrepreneurship in the whole Baltic Sea Region. Nonetheless, one of the aims of the Interreg BSR 2014-2020 Seed Money Facility “Baltic Sea Region youth social entrepreneurship development BYSED” project was to present the state-of-the-art in our part of the BSR region to serve as a starting point for future youth social entrepreneurship developments in each BSR state, as well as in the region. This report could also serve as a basis for future cross- border and international projects under the European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (EUSBSR) Priority Area Education, as it gives basic information about the SE developments in each research country and offers a variety of good practices and transferable good examples scenarios. All the project partners contributed to this report. In some cases the content is longer than in others, as the amount of information about the youth social entrepreneurship in each country is different and the amount of information avaiable also differs. BYSED project consortium plans to continue working on a practical level, as we see this as a necessity within youth sector, helping young people through youth centres and NGO's develop social business ideas, promote them and find alternative funding mechanisms to ensure the sustainable development of these ideas. About the Partners: Baltic Institute for Regional and European Concern BISER, Poland Baltic Institute for Regional and European Concern BISER (Bałtycki Instytut Spraw Europejskich i Regionalnych) was established in 2001 as an organization clustering the representatives of science, public sector and business parties willing to co-operate in the field of European integration, sustainable development and strengthening cooperation links within the Baltic Sea Region. BISER works in close cooperation at the local level with the University of Gdańsk, Gdansk University of Technology and Ateneum Higher School, representatives of local authorities and the NGO sector focused on the development of the local community. The BISER team members (ca. 20 people) present vast and relevant academic records and project experience that will be used during the implementation of the project. Since 2016, BISER 4 has acted as a Baltic Sea NGO Network Polish Focal Point. In 2016, it was a co-organizer of the BS NGO Network Forum for 150 NGO representatives from the whole Baltic region. As far as science and research fields are concerned, the Association is particularly focused on cognitive and implementation analyses related to the Polish practice approach. In the field of advocacy and implementation, the Association offers expertise, analysis and review services; it additionally prepares and conducts projects covering the objectives of the Association, particularly: social economy and social entrepreneurship, sustainable development, EU macroregional strategy and regional policy, Baltic Sea Region cooperation and others. BISER prepares and carries out informative and training bids, especially in the field of social economy and social entrepreneurship aimed at youth. Motivation: Despite growing interest in social entrepreneurship in the NGO sector in Poland, we still observe
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