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GROSEE Growth Poles in South East Europe

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GROSEE Growth Poles in South East Europe GROSEE Growth Poles in South East Europe Targeted Analysis 2013/2/19 (Draft) Scientific Report | Version 05/12/2013 ESPON 2013 1 This report presents the draft scientific results a Targeted Analysis conducted within the framework of the ESPON 2013 Programme, partly financed by the European Regional Development Fund. The partnership behind the ESPON Programme consists of the EU Commission and the Member States of the EU27, plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Each partner is represented in the ESPON Monitoring Committee. This report does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the members of the Monitoring Committee. Information on the ESPON Programme and projects can be found on www.espon.eu The web site provides the possibility to download and examine the most recent documents produced by finalised and ongoing ESPON projects. This basic report exists only in an electronic version. © ESPON & University of Bucharest, 2013. Printing, reproduction or quotation is authorised provided the source is acknowledged and a copy is forwarded to the ESPON Coordination Unit in Luxembourg. ESPON 2013 2 List of authors University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania The Interdisciplinary Centre of Advanced Researche in Territorial Dynamics Ioan IANOȘ, Daniela STOIAN, Andrei SCHVAB, Irina SAGHIN, Natașa VĂIDIANU, Cristina MERCIU, Gabriel PASCARIU, Cristian IOJĂ, Cristian DRĂGHICI, Daniel PEPTENATU, Radu PINTILII, Loreta CERCLEUX, Cristian TĂLÂNGĂ, Crisitan BRAGHINĂ, Daniela ZAMFIR, Valentina STOICA National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece Minas ANGELIDIS, Epameinontas TSIGKAS, Maria KOTRONAKI, Antonia – Aspasia KOUTSOPOULOU, Theodore CHATZIIOANNOU, Marianna PATELIDA Union of Architects in Bulgaria, Sofia, Bulgaria Atanas KOVACHEV, Mintcho NENTCHEV, Neno DIMOV, Tania PETROVA, Kostadin POPOV, Stefan ASPARUHOV, Marya SABCHEVA, Dimitra DZHODZHEV, Ivo ANEV, Verzhiniya LAZAROVA University ”Al. I. Cuza” of Iași, Iași, Romania Cornel IAȚU, Roxana CERNESCU, Mihai BULAI ESPON 2013 3 Table of Contents 1. Database, indicators and definition of the research area ......................................... 56 1.1 Database collection, database, indicators, maps and typologies ........................ 56 1.1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 57 1.1.2 Review of existing indicators ........................................................................ 57 1.2 The research area of the three capital city regions ............................................. 62 1.2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 63 1.2.2 Definition / delimitation of core cities, metropolitan areas and metropolitan regions: the approach of GROSEE ....................................................................... 65 1.2.3 Administrative and NUTS / LAU division of the three countries and metropolitan areas ................................................................................................. 67 1.2.4 Implementation of specific criteria and methods to delineate the different levels / zones of the three metropolitan regions .................................................... 69 1.2.5 Approximation of the zones of the MRs to LAU units, using specific methods to each MR (only for Bucharest and Athens) ......................................................... 82 1.2.6 The specific method used at LAU level for the case of Bucharest ............... 83 1.3 Using common methods for the three MRs ......................................................... 89 2. Analysis of the case study areas .............................................................................. 94 2.1 The metropolitan region of Bucharest and its role in the European polycentric network ...................................................................................................................... 94 2.1.1 Competitiveness and innovation ................................................................... 95 2.1.2 Demographic and social structure, well being ............................................ 120 2.1.3 Internal connectivity .................................................................................... 143 2.1.4 Environment ............................................................................................... 171 2.1.5 Territorial and urban structures and policies .............................................. 190 2.1.6. The role of Bucharest in the urban networks of the three capitals, Romania, SEE and Europe .................................................................................................. 209 2.2 The metropolitan region of Sofia and its role in the European polycentric network ................................................................................................................................ 212 2.2.1 Competitiveness and innovation ................................................................. 212 2.2.2 Demographic and social structure, well being ............................................ 219 2.2.3 Internal connectivity .................................................................................... 223 2.2.4 Environment ............................................................................................... 229 2.2.5 Territorial and urban structures and policies .............................................. 233 2.2.6. The role of Sofia in the urban networks of the three capitals, Bulgaria, SEE and Europe .......................................................................................................... 240 2.3 The metropolitan region of Athens and its role in the European polycentric network .................................................................................................................... 243 2.3.1 Competitiveness and innovation (PP2) ...................................................... 243 2.3.2 Demographic and social structure, well being (PP2) .................................. 243 2.3.3 Internal connectivity .................................................................................... 262 2.3.4 Environment ............................................................................................... 270 2.3.5 Territorial and urban structures and policies .............................................. 278 2.3.6. The role of Athens in the urban networks of the three capitals, Greece, SEE and Europe .......................................................................................................... 278 3. Drivers of competitiveness ...................................................................................... 279 3.1 Drivers of competitiveness in Bucharest and the metropolitan area ................. 279 3.2 Drivers of competitiveness in Sofia and the metropolitan area ......................... 285 3.3 Drivers of competitiveness in Athens and the metropolitan area (PP2) ............ 290 3.4 Comparison of the three capital cities and SEE (PP2) ...................................... 290 3.5 Conclusions (PP2) ............................................................................................ 290 4. Accessibility, connectivity and impact of the TEN-T Network ................................. 291 4.1 Accessibility, connectivity and the impact of TEN-T Network in Bucharest ...... 291 4.2 Accessibility, connectivity and the impact of TEN-T Network in Sofia .............. 298 4.3 Accessibility, connectivity and the impact of TEN-T Network in Athens (PP2) . 304 4.4 Comparison of the three capital cities and SEE ................................................ 304 4.6 Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 314 5. Policy options/recommendations ............................................................................ 316 5.1 Bucharest and its metropolitan area ................................................................. 316 Key messages from the interviews with the Stakeholders .................................. 318 Bucharest and its metropolitan region ................................................................. 318 5.2 Sofia and its metropolitan area ......................................................................... 329 5.3 Athens and its metropolitan area (PP2) ............................................................ 332 5.4 Conclusions (LP) ............................................................................................... 332 48 LIST OF MAPS Map 1 Approximations of the CC (Core Cities), FMA (Functional Metropolitan Areas) and MR (Metropolitan Regions) for the three capitals with NUTS2 and NUTS3 units .. 64 Map 2 Population’s density of Bucharest at LAU-2 level, 2006 .................................... 72 Map 3 Population’s density of Sofia at LAU-2 level, 2006 ............................................ 73 Map 4 Population’s density of Athens at LAU-2 level, 2001 ......................................... 74 Map 5 NUTS 2 and NUTS 3 units, FUA, LUZ and UMZ delimitation of Bucharest ...... 75 Map 6 NUTS 2 and NUTS 3 units, FUA, LUZ and UMZ delimitation of Sofia .......... 76 Map 7 NUTS 2 and NUTS 3 units, FUA, LUZ and UMZ delimitation of Athens ........... 77 Map 8 Urban land use of Bucharest on the base of Urban Atlas 2007 .......................... 78 Map 9 Urban land use of Sofia on the base of Urban Atlas .......................................... 79 Map 10 Urban land use of Athens
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