2005 Ecological Biogeochemistry Schedule (September 6, 2005)

EFB 415 & 610 Time: Monday and Wednesday 12:45 p.m. to 2:15 p.m. Place: Illick 16

Instructor: M.J. Mitchell

Texts: Likens, G.E. and F.H. Bormann. 1995. Biogeochemistry of a Forested Ecosystem. Second Edition. Springer- Verlag, New York. 159 p.

Schlesinger, W.H. 1997. Biogeochemistry: an Analysis of Global Change. Second Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 588 p.

SCHEDULE

Date Topic Lecturer Readings or Discussion Likens & Schlesinger Other (Subject to Change)1 Bormann

Mon., Introduction to Course Mitchell Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Aug. 29

Wed., Major Pools and Processes Mitchell Chapters 2, 3 Chapters 2 & 10 Aug. in Biogeochemistry & 4. 31

Mon., Labor Day, No Class Sept. 5

Wed., Small watershed approach Mitchell Review Church (1997)2, Sept., with special attention to Chapters 1-3. The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study 7 HBEF. Introduction to (1995)3 student projects and Groffman et al. (2004)4 presentations.

Mon., Instrumentation Mitchell Mitchell et al. (2001)5 Sept. 12

Wed., History of Mitchell Gorham (1991)6 Sept. Biogeochemistry 14 Date Topic Lecturer Readings or Discussion Likens & Schlesinger Other (Subject to Change)1 Bormann

Mon., Introduction to Carbon Mitchell Chapter 5, Falkowski et al. (2000)7 Sept. Preliminary project topics Chapter 7 (p. Goodale et al. (2002)8 19 due for student proposals. 246-251), Chapter 9 (p. 301-307)

Wed., Carbon continued Mitchell Chapter 11 Fahey et al. (2005)9 Sept. Raymond and Cole (2003)10 21

Mon., Discussion on carbon and Mitchell Field and Fung (1999)11 Sept. global change. Nadelhoffer et al. (1999)12 26 Pacala et al. (2001)13

Wed. Student Proposals Sept. 28

Mon., Student Proposals Oct. 3

Wed., Introduction to Mitchell Chapter 6 Driscoll et al. (2003)14 Oct. 5 biogeochemistry of (p.195-205, 213- Vitousek et al. 1997)15 nitrogen 218); Chapter 12 (p. 383-396).

Mon., Nitrogen (continued) Mitchell Oct. 10

Wed., Nitrogen (continued)-- Mitchell Boyer et al. (2002)16 Oct. Nitrogen biogeochemistry Mitsch et al. (2001)17 12 of HBEF. Mid-term take- home examine given to students. Final written proposals due.

Mon., Discussion on Nitrogen Mitchell Kaiser (2001)18 Oct. Rabalais (2002)19 17

Wed., Phosphorus. Midterm Mitchell Chapter 6 (p. Schindler (1977)20 Oct. examine due 205-207) Correll (1998)21 19 Chapter 7 (p. 249- 251)Chapter 12 (p. 396-399)

2 Date Topic Lecturer Readings or Discussion Likens & Schlesinger Other (Subject to Change)1 Bormann

Mon., Limnological and loading S. Effler Effler et al. (2002) Oct. information and (Guest Lake and Reservoir Management (1996) 24 a phosphorus total Lecture) 12(1). Various articles22 maximum daily load (TMDL) analysis for Onondaga Lake

Wed., Discussion on P and Mitchell Oct. Eutrophication 26

Mon., Mercury C. Driscoll Morel et al. (1998)23 Oct. (Guest Mason et al. (1994)24 31 Lecture) Mercury Comments to EPA (2003)25 Krug and Winstanley (2004)26 Fitzgerald et al. (1998)27

Wed. , Sulfur Mitchell Chapter 6 (p. Chapter 6 (p. Likens et al. (2002)28 Nov. 2 107-108) 207-208) Chapter 13

Mon., Sulfur continued Mitchell Mitchell et al.(2001)29 Nov. 7

Wed, Discussion on acidic Mitchell Driscoll et al. (2001)30 Nov. deposition. 9

Mon., Cations C. Driscoll Chapter 5 Chapter 4 Bailey et al. (1996)31 Nov. (Guest Chapter 6 (p. Cronan and Grigal (1995)32 14 Lecture) 103-107)

Wed., Cations C. Driscoll Blum et al. (2002)33 Nov. (Guest Cronan and Schofield (1990)34 16 Lecture)

Sat. Symposium of Student 9:00 a.m. to Nov. Presentations 4:30 p.m. 19 (Food and beverages provided)

Mon., Cations-Discussion Mitchell Likens et al. (1996)35 Nov. 21 Stoddard et al. (1999)36

Wed., Thanksgiving Break No Classes Nov. 23

3 Date Topic Lecturer Readings or Discussion Likens & Schlesinger Other (Subject to Change)1 Bormann

Mon., Ecological Stoichiometry K. Schulz Vanni (2002)37 Nov. (Guest 28 Lecture)

Wed., Summarization of class; Mitchell Chapter 8 Chapter 14 Nov. Last Day of Class; Final Epilog (p. 30 Take Home Examination 130 -133) Given to Students

Mon., No Class Dec. 5

Wed., No Class Dec. 7

Fri., Project Due Dec. 9

Fri., Final Due Dec. 16

4 READINGS

1.Readings are subject to change for Fall 2005. Articles may be deleted and other articles added.

2. Church, M.R. 1997. Hydrochemistry of forested catchments. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 25:23-59.

3.The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study: Site Description and Research Activities. August 1995. USDA Forest Service. Northeastern Forest Experiment Station.

4.Groffman, P.M., C.T. Driscoll, G.E. Likens, T.J. Fahey, R.T. Holmes, C. Eagar, and J.D. Aber. 2004. Nor Gloom of Night: A New Conceptual Model for the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. BioScience 54:139-148.

5.Mitchell, M.J., G. McGee, P.McHale and K.C. Weathers. 2001. Experimental design and instrumentation for analyzing solute concentrations and fluxes for quantifying biogeochemical processes in watersheds. Methodology paper series of the 4th International Conference on ILTER in East Asia and Pacific Region, Ulaanbaatar-Hatgal, Mongolia. 2001, pp. 15-21 © 2001 ILTER Network. Electronic version at: http://www.esf.edu/hss/mongolia/

6.Gorham, E. 1991. Biogeochemistry: its origin and development. Biogeochemistry 13:199-239.

7.Falkowski, P., R.J. Scholes, E. Boyle et al., 2000. The global carbon cycle: a test of our knowledge of earth as a system. Science 290: 291-296.

8.Christine L. Goodale, C.L. M.J. Apps, R.A. Birdsey, C.B. Field, L.S. Heath, R.A. Houghton, J.C. Jenkins, G.H. Kohlmaier,W. Kurz, S. Liu, G. Nabuurs, S. Nilsson and A. Z. Shvidenko. 2002. Forest carbon sinks in the northern hemisphere. Ecological Applications, 12: 891-899.

9.T.J. Fahey, T.G., T.G. Siccama, C.T. Driscoll, G.E. Likens, J. Campbell, C.E. Johnson, J.D. Aber, J.J. Cole, M.C. Fisk, P.M. Groffman, S.P. Hamburg, R.T. Holmes, P.A. Schwarz, R.D. Yanai. 2005. The Biogeochemistry of Carbon at Hubbard Brook. Biogeochemistry (In Press).

10.Peter A. Raymond, P. A. and J. J. Cole. 2003. Increase in the Export of Alkalinity from North America's Largest River. Science 301:88-91

11.Field, C.B. and I.Y. Fung. 1999. The not-so-big U.S. carbon sink. Science 285:544-545. Online: www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/285/5427/544

12.Nadelhoffer, K.J., B.A. Emmett, P. Gunderson, O.J. Kjonaas, C.J. Koopmans, P. Schleppi, A. Tietema and R.F. Wright. 1999. Nitrogen deposition makes a minor contribution to carbon sequestration in temperate forests. Nature 398:145-147.

13.Pacala, S.W., G.C. Hurtt, D. Baker, et al. 2001. Consistent Land- and Atmosphere-Based U.S. Carbon Sink Estimates. Science 292:2316-2320.

5 14. Driscoll, C., D. Whiteall, J. Aber, E. Boyer, M. Castro, C. Cronan, C. Goodale, P. Groffman, C. Hopkinson, K. Lambert, G. Lawrence, and S. Ollinger. 2003. Nitrogen pollution in the northeastern United States: sources, effects and management options. BioScience 53(4):357-374.

15.Vitousek, P.M., J. Aber, R.W. Howarth, G. E. Likens, P.A. Matson, D.W. Schindler, W.H. Schlesinger and D.G. Tilman. 1997. Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: causes and consequences. Ecological Applications 7:737-750.

16.Boyer, E.W., C.L. Goodale, N.A. Jaworski and R.W. Howarth. 2002. Anthropogenic nitrogen sources and relationships to riverine nitrogen export in the northeastern U.S.A. Biogeochemistry 57/58:137-169.

17.Mitsch, W.J., J.W. Day Jr., J.W. Gilliam, P.M. Groffman, D.L. Hey, G.W. Randall and N Wang. 2001. Reducing nitrogen loading to the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River basin: strategies to counter a persistent ecological problem. BioScience 51:373-388.

18.Kaiser, J. 2001. The Other Global Pollutant: Nitrogen Proves Tough to Curb. Science 294:1268-1269.

19.Rabalais, N. N. 2002. Nitrogen in aquatic ecosystems. Ambio 31(2): 102-112

20.Schindler, D.W. 1974. Eutrophication and Recovery in Experimental Lakes: Implications for Lake Management. Science 184:897-899.

21.Correll, D.L. 1998. The role of phosphorus in the eutrophication of receiving waters: a review. J. Environ. Quality 27:261-266.

22.Effler, S.W. and R.D. Hennigan. 1996. Onondaga Lake, New York: Legacy of Pollution. Lake and Reservoir Management 12(1): 1-13; Connors, S.D., T. Auer and S.W. Effler. 1996. Phosphorus pools, alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphorus limitation in hypereutrophic Onondaga Lake. Lake and Reservoir Management 12(1): 47-57; Doeer, S.M., R.P. Canale and S.W. Effler. 2002. Development and testing of a total phosphorus model for Onondaga Lake. Lake and Reservoir Management 12(1): 141-150.

23.Morel, F.M.M., A.M. L. Kraepiel and M. Marc Amyot. 1998. The Chemical Cycle and Bioaccumulation of Mercury. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 29:543–66

24.Mason, R.P., W.F. Fitzgerald and F.M.M. Morel. 1994. The biogeochemical cycling of elemental mercury: anthropogenic influences. Geochemica Cosmochmica Acta 58:3191-3198

25.Hubbard Brook Research Foundation Mercury Press Release — December 15, 2003.

26.Krug, E. and D. Winstanley. 2004. Comparison of mercury in atmospheric deposition and in Illinois and USA soils. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8:98-102.

27.Fitzgerald, W.F., D.R. Engstrom, R.P. Mason and E.A. Nater. 1998. The case for atmospheric mercury contamination in remote areas. Environmental Science and Technology 32:1-7.

6 28.Likens, G.E., C.T. Driscoll, D.C. Buso, M.J. Mitchell, G.M. Lovett, S.W. Bailey, T.G. Siccama, W.A. Reiners, C. Alewell. 2002. The biogeochemistry of sulfur at Hubbard Brook. Biogeochemistry 60:235-316.

29.Mitchell, M.J., B. Mayer, S.W. Bailey, J.W. Hornbeck, C. Alewell, C.T. Driscoll and G.E. Likens. 2001. Use of stable isotope ratios for evaluating sulfur sources and losses at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 130:75-86.

30.Driscoll, C.T., G.B. Lawrence, A.J. Bulger, T.J. Butler, C.S. Cronan, C. Eagar, K.F. Lambert, G.E. Likens, J.L. Stoddard and K.C. Weathers. 2001. Acidic deposition in the northeastern United States: sources and inputs, ecosystem effects, and management strategies. Bioscience 51:180-198.

31.Bailey, S.W., J.W. Hornbeck, C.T. Driscoll and H.E. Gaudette. 1996. Calcium inputs and transport in a base-pore forest ecosystem as interpreted by Sr isotopes. Water Resources Research 32:707-719.

32.Cronan, C.S. and D.F. Grigal. 1995. Use of calcium/aluminum ratios as indicators of stress in forest ecosystems. Journal of Environmental Quality 24:209-226.

33.Blum, J.D., Klaue, A., Nezat, C.A., Driscoll, C.T., Johnson, C.E., Siccama, T.G. Eagar, C., Fahey, T.J. and Likens, G.E. 2002 Mycorrhizal weathering of apatite as an important Ca source in base-poor forest ecosystems. Nature 417:729-731

34.Cronan, C.S. and C.L. Schofield. 1990. Relationships between aqueous aluminum and acidic deposition in forested watersheds of North America and Northern Europe. Environmental Science and Technology 24:110-1105.

35.Likens, G.E., C.T. Driscoll and D.C. Buso. 1996. Long-term effects of acid rain: response and recovery of a forest ecosystem. Science 272:244-246.

36.Stoddard, J.L., D.S. Jeffries, A. Lukewille, T.A. Clair, P.J. Dillon, C.T. Driscoll, M. Forsius, M. Johannessen, J.S. Kahl, J.H. Kellogg, A. Kemp, J. Mannio, D.T. Monteith, P.S. Murdoch, S. Patrick, A. Rebsdorf, B.L. Skjelkvale, M.P. Stainton, T. Traaen, H. vanDam, K.E. Webster, J. Wieting and A. Wilander. 1999. Regional trends in aquatic recovery from acidification in North America and Europe. Nature 401:575-578.

37.Vanni, M.J. 2002. Nutrient cycling by animals in freshwater ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 33:341-370.

7