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Download Full 2011 PAGE 144 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Editorial Board, DSTA Horizons Editorial 2 Chairman Technical Editor Risk Assessment and Horizon Scanning 4 Teo Chin Hock Professor Bernard Tan Experimentation Centre Deputy Chief Executive (Strategic Development) Department of Physics, Faculty of Science National University of Singapore System Safety in Guided Weapon and 16 Members Peer Reviewers Armament Applications Pang Chung Khiang Director (DSTA Masterplanning & Systems Teo Chin Hock Architecting)/Director (DSTA College) Deputy Chief Executive (Strategic Development) Cognitive Systems Engineering Approach to Developing 26 Lee Chee Teng Pang Chung Khiang Command and Control Systems Director (Procurement) Director (DSTA Masterplanning & Systems Architecting)/Director (DSTA College) Chia Lip Teck Enabling Army Learning Transformation through 38 Director (C2IT) Lim Chee Hiong Infocomm Technology Director (Building and Infrastructure) Vincent Lim Buan Sui Acting Director (Human Resource) Wee Kok Ling Introduction to Submarine Design Director (Networked Systems) 48 Chew Keng Cheow Deputy Director (Guided Weapons Chau Chee Chiang & Armament) Deputy Director (National Security) – Secure Mobility for the Enterprise 60 (till 2 March 2011) Alex Lee Yeaw Lip Deputy Director (Systems Engineering) Chew Keng Cheow Capability Development Framework for 74 Deputy Director (Guided Weapons Defence Technology Investments Seah Peng Hwee & Armament) Deputy Director (Sensing & Connectivity) Alex Lee Yeaw Lip Koh Tong Chia Deputy Director (Systems Engineering) Comparative Analysis of Radar and Sonar 90 Assistant Director (Building and Infrastructure) Principles Seah Peng Hwee Quek Bee Tin Deputy Director (Sensing & Connectivity) Senior Manager (DSTA College) Planning and Designing Data Centres Leow Aik Siang 100 Pearly Chua Siew Ting Assistant Director (Knowledge & DSTA Systems) Senior Manager (Corporate Communications) Effects of Degree of Saturation on Ground Shock Dr Koh Hock Seng 110 Too Meng Yuen Head Capability Development (Surface Senior Executive (DSTA College) Warships) Designing Tactical Networks – Perspectives from 120 Jolene Chng Wang Chin Ong Chin Ann a Practitioner Executive (Corporate Communications) Chief Information Officer Desiree Tan Ting Ting Pee Eng Yau Executive (Corporate Communications) Using Analytic Hierarchy Process with Operations 134 Lead Analyst (DSTA Masterplanning & Analysis in Project Evaluation Systems Architecting) 2 EDITORIAL through Infocomm Technology’ explains how social and rich media applications are employed for learning in the SAF. The article also illustrates how Content Distribution Network technology is deployed to overcome the challenge of delivering rich media content over a limited-bandwidth environment. There are increasing demands within the defence ecosystem to be productive on the go, but achieving Enterprise Mobility for security-conscious organisations like DSTA is challenging. Pang Chung Khiang To achieve ‘Secure Mobility for the Enterprise’ and enable access to business applications on Editor, DSTA Horizons non-camera mobile devices, several key challenges are involved. The article explains how the Director (DSTA College) solution needs to balance user expectations, security requirements and the capability of current technologies. DSTA Horizons has gained recognition as a reputable technical journal with growing interest and Two articles in this issue show how comparative analysis and technology adaptation can encouraging feedback received over the past six years. It has also become an established journal lead to fresh perspectives and new ideas. First, ‘A Comparative Analysis of Radar and Sonar for DSTA engineers to showcase and share the work that they have done. I am proud to present Principles’ explores the similarities between the two extensively used sensor systems so as to you with the seventh issue. exploit synergistic overlaps in their applications and technologies. Second, ‘Effects of Degree of In the seventh issue, 12 articles were selected with the intention to include a wide spectrum Saturation on Ground Shock’ re-examines existing guidelines on ground shock loading. The of the audiences in our defence ecosystem. These topics cover engineering innovations, new article provides an insight into developing technologies for the mitigation of ground shock initiatives and research, as well as introductory topics. effects on underground structures in Singapore, which experiences high temperatures and abundant rainfall throughout the year. Six articles in this issue present leading-edge technological solutions and frameworks which were developed in response to challenges faced by the defence community. Some of these The remaining four articles are introductory papers to various topics. We have endeavoured not projects are still in the developmental stage, while others have been implemented and have to be extensive but to be holistic, by combining our knowledge gained from literature reviews become success stories today. and our experiences working with the Ministry of Defence and the SAF. It is our hope that this knowledge shared will be useful and applicable to others in the defence community. As the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) transforms into a Third Generation fighting force, evaluating highly interconnected and interdependent systems becomes a necessity. ‘Using Analytic Capability development has been identified as the key objective of defence technology Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Operations Analysis (OA) in Project Evaluation’ illustrates the use investments. The team proposed ‘A Capability Development Framework for Defence Technology of AHP with the OA methodology to meet the rigours of evaluating complex defence Investments’ and illustrated this framework through historical examples of early defence applications. The article also cites the successful adoption of AHP to various national non-defence technological innovation, and contemporary examples from DSTA. related projects. Armament, protection and speed are key considerations for surface warships. Submarines need With increasing complex interactions between various systems, a more encompassing to achieve these requirements and fulfil even more challenging demands for stealth, range and methodology is also required in the field of Guided Weapon and Armament (GWA). adaptability, while controlling their cost and size. ‘Introduction to Submarine Design’ presents Safety can and has to be managed in the implementation of programmes. ‘System four innovative solutions to meet these critical requirements. Safety in GWA Applications’ describes how the principles of System Safety have been implemented successfully to deliver safer systems to the SAF. The network-centric battlefield today has to cope with unreliable connectivity, limited bandwidth and latency issues due to the tactical operating environment. ‘Designing Tactical Networks – Planning for the future in an increasingly unpredictable environment requires more than Perspectives from a Practitioner’ serves as a guide for the design and configuration of tactical traditional forecasting techniques. To better support analysts in anticipating emerging strategic networks – proposing best practices for implementation and highlighting potential challenges issues, a cognitive-based system was developed at ‘The Risk Assessment and Horizon Scanning of adaptation for application. Experimentation Centre’. The article traces the development of the system and also describes the challenges and the innovative solutions undertaken. Data centres house the most valuable assets of organisations and they require large investments. Organisations have to draw from industry best practices and customise the data centre strategy The pitfalls associated with relying on technology to solve problems in human performance have according to their own business requirements and constraints. ‘Planning and Designing Data sparked interest in using a multi-disciplinary human-centred approach to design and evaluate Centres’ gives an overview of some of the design considerations and implementation approaches complex socio-technical systems. The team demonstrated the efficacy of ‘A Cognitive Systems for data centres. 3 Engineering Approach to Developing Command and Control Systems’ through a cognitive system prototype for human controllers working in the airport traffic control tower. This issue is a testament to the diverse capabilities and expertise that reside within the defence community. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to all the authors for coming forward To keep Generation Y soldiers who are technologically savvy engaged, a paradigm shift is with their contributions. I am confident that with such dedication, DSTA Horizons will continue required in the way SAF teaches and trainees learn. ‘Enabling Army Learning Transformation to be a valuable channel for knowledge sharing. ABSTRACT Risk Assessment Developing a system to aid analysts in anticipating emerging strategic issues is a challenging engineering feat. The and Horizon Scanning Risk Assessment and Horizon Scanning (RAHS) Experimentation Experimentation Centre Centre (REC) has successfully delivered a cognitive-based system to achieve this. This article describes three key challenges for RAHS. First, analyses are based mostly on discovery instead of deduction. Second, there is a lack of suitable commercial solutions. Third, the processes and technology landscape of the analysts are evolving rapidly. To address these challenges, two approaches
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