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The Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) of Alaska, Including a New Species of Heptageniidae

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The Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) of Alaska, Including a New Species of Heptageniidae PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 107(1), 2005, pp. 190-199 THE MAYFLIES (EPHEMEROPTERA) OF ALASKA, INCLUDING A NEW SPECIES OF HEPTAGENIIDAE R. P. RANDOLPH AND W. P. MCCAFFERTY (RPR) Division of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 (e-mail: [email protected]); (WPM) Department of Entomology, Purdue Univer­ sity, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract.-Forty-six species of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are reported from Alaska, and 27 of those are reported from the state for the first time. Nominal species in the genera Callibaetis Eaton, Caudatella Edmunds, Ecdyonurus Eaton, Ironodes Traver, Paralepto­ phlebia Lestage, Plauditus Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty, Procloeon Bengtsson, and Siph­ lonurus Eaton are also reported from Alaska for the first time. The fauna consists mainly of species with widespread general or western distributions in North America, but also includes 11 confirmed Holarctic species. Rhithrogena ingalik, new species, is described from male adults; it differs from other congeners in genitalia morphology and is most closely related to certain Siberian species. Key Words: Alaska, Ephemeroptera, mayflies, Rhithrogena ingalik, new species, new records Because of concerns of global warming the North had not been readily available of Arctic and alpine habitats and the poten­ previously and as a result faunal data have tial impacts on those ecosystems (Chapin remained fragmentary, making any ecolog­ and Korner 1994), it is important that doc­ ical or biogeographic assessments difficult umentation of the organisms within those (Harper and Harper 1997). For example, of regions be completed. Studies of ecosys­ the 63 species reported from the combined tems of low diversity, such as those found subregions of Alaska, Yukon, Northwest in the Arctic, may provide a ready means Territories, and Nunavut, relatively few of understanding these systems and any have been known from Alaska (McCafferty changes they may undergo (Danks 1981, 1985, 1994; Zloty 1996; Lee and Hershey Chapin and Korner 1994, Poff et al. 2001). 2000). A more complete documentation of In addition, such data may be valuable for Alaska is critical for hypothesizing Berin­ understanding historical biogeography in­ gia's role in mayfly dispersal during the volving circumpolar species. Pleistocene (see Hofle et al. 1994, Elias et Considerable recent work has contributed al. 2000), and the possible role of Alaska to the documentation of the Ephemeroptera in providing historical refugia in its ungla- . fauna of far northern North America (e.g., ciated areas (McCafferty 1985, Elias et al. Harper and Harper 1981, 1997; McCafferty 2000). 1985, 1994, McCafferty and Randolph Herein we provide new state records for 1998, Alba-Tercedor and McCafferty 2000, 27 species and 71 new county records for Randolph and Mccafferty 2000). Species 39 of the 46 species we document from distributional data for certain subregions of Alaska. This includes a new species of VOLUME 107, NUMBER I 191 North Slope r- - -- - -­ - ----- ---- -1 Yukon. KoyukUk ,'' :-Fai~~inkl"'I ,t' J 1 ·~orth Stv'-• "' ,----' ~ .. ,_: 'Denaiti __ . Southeast ;; .---------L; Fairbanks (---M:atanuska-\------·-1 Susitna ,J •, \ : Valdez- ' -:---; Cordova '· Fig. I. Map of Alaska. Rhithrogena Eaton and the first North McCafferty (1985) for the Alaskan mayfly American records of Acentrella lapponica fauna and is further documented here. [nee A. feropagus] and Ephemerella nuda. There are 11 Alaskan species that are wide­ The first records of nominal species of the spread North American species, including genera Callibaetis Eaton, Caudatella Ed­ Acentrella turbida, Baetis flavistriga, B. tri­ munds, Ecdyonurus Eaton, Ironodes Traver, caudatus, Callibaetis ferrugineus, C. fluc­ Paraleptophlebia Lestage, Plauditus Lugo­ tuans, Diphetor hageni, Ephemerella do­ Ortiz and McCafferty, Procloeon Bengts­ rothea, Paraleptophlebia debilis, Plauditus son, and Siphlonurus Eaton are given. This dubius, Heptagenia pulla, and Siphlonurus study also rectifies previous records based alternatus. Cinygmula subaequalis is found on misidentifications. Several species are outside of Alaska only in eastern and south­ shown to occur above the Arctic Circle, and eastern North America, and this disjunct in all, mayflies are now known from 16 of pattern is suggestive of a faunal remnant the 25 counties in Alaska (Fig. I). from the Arcto~ Tertiary Forest regime Many Arctic species have widespread (McCafferty 1985). The predominant dis­ distribution patterns (Downes 1962, Chapin tributional pattern expressed by Alaskan and Korner 1994). This was also noted by mayflies involves 17 species that are wide- 192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON spread in, and limited to, western North rogena ingalik, n. sp., is more closely re­ America. These include Acentrella insigni­ lated to some Siberian congeners than to ficans, Ameletus validus, Cinygmula mimus, any known North American species, sug­ C. par, C. tarda, Drunella coloradensis, D. gesting allopatric speciation in Alaska. doddsii, D. grandis, D. spinifera, Epeorus Alaskan records below are alphabetical albertae, E. deceptivus, E. grandis, E. lon­ by family, genus, and species. County gimanus, Ironodes nitidus, Rhithrogena fu­ names appear in upper case. Material on tilis, Serratella tibialis, and Siphlonurus oc­ which new records are based are larvae un­ cidentalis. This is also the most common less stated otherwise and are held in the pattern for Yukon mayflies (Harper and Purdue Entomological Research Collection, Harper 1997). Such far-reaching western West Lafayette, Indiana. species are often limited to mountain rang­ es. Caudatella Jacobi and Paraleptophlebia AMELETIDAE vaciva occur in Alaska and also occur Ameletus inopinatus Eaton southward into regions of western Canada Previous records.-Zloty (1996): FAIR­ and USA, but they have a more fragmented BANKS NORTH STAR. pattern and do not range into southwestern USA. Ameletus validus McDunnough Many Arctic arthropod species are Hol­ Previous records.-Edmunds et al. arctic (Danks 1981 ), and the 11 Holarctic (1976): No data provided. Zloty (1996): No Alaskan species account for about one­ data provided. Wipfli et al. (1998): KET­ fourth of the known mayfly fauna of Alas­ CHIKAN GATEWAY. ka. These include Acentrella lapponica, New records.-NORTH SLOPE: Can­ Ameletus inopinatus, Baetis bicaudatus, B. ning R 5 mi from mouth on main channel, bundyae, Brachycercus harrisella, Ephem­ 70/04/30N 145/33/30W, VI-20-1972. erella aurivillii, Ephmerella nuda, Metre­ topus alter, Ecdyonurus simplicioides, Par­ BAETIDAE ameletus chelifer, and Procloeon pennula­ Acentrella feropagus Alba-Tercedor and tum. The only occurrences in North Amer­ McCafferty ica of A. lapponica, E. nuda, and M. alter are confined to Alaska, and A. inopinatus Previous records.-Harper and Harper and B. bundyae are strictly northern boreal ( 1981) as Bae tis lapponica: NORTH species in North America. Other Holarctic SLOPE. Waltz and McCafferty ( 1987) as A. species tend to be more widespread in lapponica: YUKON-KOYUKUK. North America. The commonness of the Acentrella insignificans (McDunnough) Holarctic species B. bicaudatus in western North America and its only sparse occur­ New records.-YUKON-KOYUKUK: rence in far East Asia may suggest east to South Slope, Sheenjek R 1 mi above pipe­ west dispersal via Beringia as recently as line crossing, 67/37/45N 143/17/00W, VII- the Pleistocene, whereas the opposite sce­ 29-1972. nario is suggested for Ephemerella nuda. Acentrella lapponica and M. alter are also Acentrella lapponica (Bengtsson) known from Scandanavia, and their restrict­ New records.-NORTH SLOPE: Can­ ed North American distribution is appar­ ning R, mid-Canning gill net station, 69/27I ently relictual. 15N 146113/lSW, VIII-28-1972; Canning R Acentrella feropagus is limited to Alas­ 5 mi from mouth on main channel, 70/04/ ka, Canada, and northern conterminous 30N 145/33/30W, VI-27-1972; Middle USA. Baetis foemina is limited to Alaska, Canning R ~ mi below Shublik Falls, 69/ Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. Rhith- 27/15N 146/13/lSW, VIII-8-1972; Cache VOLUME 107, NUMBER I 193 Cr % mi above mouth, 69/23/45N 146/05/ trib Lower Russian R, VI-24-1968; Seward, OOW, VIl-27-1972; Kavik R #1, VIIl-17- tidewater, Northland Glacier, VI-6-2001; 1973; Canning R at mouth unnamed trib, NORTH SLOPE: Arctic Foothills Province, 69/35/30N 146/19/30W, VII-27-1972; Can­ Echooka R, riffle above Echooka Spr ning R at unnamed Canning R spring, 69/ mouth, VI-6-1971; Arctic Foothills Prov­ 05/45N 145/59/30W, IX-24-1973; Kuparuk ince, Lupine Spr, VI-26-1971; Arctic Foot­ R, VIII-27-1971; YUKON-KOYUKUK: hills Province, Nanook Cr, 69/34/30N 146/ South Slope, Sheenjek R I mi above pipe­ 16/00W, VIl-27-1972; Canning R, Marsh line crossing, 67/37 /45N 143/17/OOW, VII- Frk, lower reg, 69/06/00N 145/59/00W, VI- 29-1972; South Slope, Old Woman Cr 1 mi 17-1972; Canning R nr Shublick Spr, 69/ from conft Sheenjek R, 68/21/00N 144/00/ 27/15N 146/13/15W, VII-9-1972; Canning OOW, VIl-28-1972; South Slope, Monument R, unnamed spr, 69/05/45N 145/59/30W, Cr, trib Sheenjek R, 67/57/45N 143113/ VI-26-1973; Marsh Frk, 69/52/15N 146/00/ OON, VIIl-17-1972; South Slope, Pass Cr 5 OOW, VI-17-1972; Middle Canning R 14 mi mi below origin, trib Coleen R, 67/53/l 5N below Shublick Falls, 69/27/15N 146/13/ 142/50/00W, VII-29-1972. 15W, VIII-8-1972; South Slope, Cane Cr ca 5 mi above conft Chandalar R, 68/39/30N Acentrella turbida (McDunnough) 144/54/00W, VIII-17-1972; unnamed Can­ New records.-NORTH SLOPE: Anti­ ning R trib 400 m above mouth, 69/23/45N gun R, VIII-15-1971; Kuparuk R, VI-24- 146/09/00W, VII-27-1972; unnamed Can­ 1971; Canning R 5 mi from mouth on main ning Spr 20 yds from mouth, 69/08/30N channel, 70/04/30N 145/33/30W, VII-27- 145/55/00W, VII-26-1972; SITKA: Nak­ 1972; YUKON-KOYUKUK: South Slope, vassin Cr, Baranof Island, Port Herbert, Coleen R I mi above pipeline route, 67/57 I VII-1-1958; SKAGWAY-HOONAH-AN­ 30N 142/09/00W, VII-29-1972; South GOON: North Arm Hood Bay, VI-21-1969.
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