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Root Anatomy of Fine Species of Abronia from Southern California and Its Ecological Implications

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Root Anatomy of Fine Species of Abronia from Southern California and Its Ecological Implications California State University, San Bernardino CSUSB ScholarWorks Theses Digitization Project John M. Pfau Library 1979 Root anatomy of fine species of Abronia from Southern California and its ecological implications Jan Webster Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project Part of the Plant Biology Commons Recommended Citation Webster, Jan, "Root anatomy of fine species of Abronia from Southern California and its ecological implications" (1979). Theses Digitization Project. 101. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/101 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the John M. Pfau Library at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses Digitization Project by an authorized administrator of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ( -*•. ROOT ANATOMY OF FIVE SPECIES OF Abronia FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AND ITS ECOLO GICAL IMPLICATIONS A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State College, San Bennardino ■ ,Ly ; Jan Webster May 1979 Approved by: JSI?7f Chairpersoiw^^Biology Department te Graduate Committee Committej^^ember ^ Committ-be Member Major Profess01 llepresen^tive of the Graduate Dean ROOT AfiAlOMY OF FIVE SPECIES OF Abronia FROM SOITTIIERK CALIFOPRIA ARB ITS ECOLO- GiGAL IMPLICATIONS, : , ■ k ■ Thesis . Presented to the . Facu:^ty'. .of■ ■ Cal;if oxhi'A^ -St lite , ■ € oi^egc , , San Rern-ardinG: In Partial" ' ■o;f. the. Requir'e.m,e,nt,s': ■for.: the Beig'reW : Master, " of, Sciehce ■ ' in;, Biolo-g,y \ J.an", ¥,eh:,s:ts,r. May 1979 , : „ ■ABSTRACT ' Ro,.ot anatomy, of five sx)ecies- of Ab roiiia, whieli oc eiir in tliree. diverse' - habitats; Erontanej . desert j- a-nd- coastal 5,, was studied, for maj'or- a-n..at.omicaI variations that could be ,±n-­ fluenced by etiVixonmental/.f actors. .S-oil' analyses that iri"< eluded . .. pH j . bu'lk density total p.o-'re space's, ., percent total . pore #pace^ perce'nt moisture^ textural class-'lf'ica:t,i-on.,ij -and^ exch.angeablc:' ion levels' . -f or ■ c.alciuiii^ m-a-gne's.'ium a.nd plios­ phoTus were d.e10rmi,ri.ed- in" -conjunction w'ith the' root - ana-'t.o-m]/ studies ■ •Vessel and" fiberMength width s and nuinberper fV and .crystal number .per • mm^ wer'e -co'tapaf ed. • intrasp-eelf-lcally and Interspecifically ■ for ■..variability in ■r'dot,,;\an'atomj' 'cliarae ter^s among -'the five ' ^'species of Abr-Qiiia. <> . ■ . I.iit.r"a"s.pe.ei f i.c ■ • ■e.omparl.s.a.ns demonstrated low root , anai,t omy . variations in • Ab;^g11:1. a. ■ n-^anji- s's.p^ . A* .1^tif olia g. - while 'moderate vaf-la-tion oec-urred ■ In t-h.e roots ' of 'A. pogonantha ^ A, villosa ^ and A* marltima ^ . In-texspecific eomparisone. of^ 14 'anatom.i'cal charac ters; . eliQwed;; s.igriificant -dissl.milarities amo-rig "the' five ■ 'species' of . -Abrp;nl.A Abronia. po^gonantha and. A, villo's"a 9 both, desert Apecies wef'e- ' " " co'nsis tently si-m'ilar in , all ' a'n-atomical'''- eharacter.e . ex'c''ep,t. ; cry-S"­ . tal number per .mm and fiber, size and nu,mber . 'per t ■Ve'esel element lengthy wid.th'j" and-, number p'er -were ■ c'or.related as ' ad.a,-p tive modif ica..tions ■ tjio 'xeric habitats for nana- -ssp.. .covill'ei ^ ' A-^ '.pogonaritha--, .'and' A. vi'-l1osa g and to .relatively .meslc habitats for '.A.i .marltima and. At. latifolia Fiber number per mia^ was correlated to adaptive modifi cation for support in a severe babitat in terms of unstable soil arid/or wind velocities for A,.- Baritlma^ and poRonantha / CAIIFORWIA STATE COLLEGE, SAW BERWARtJIWO Vapa/itment 0^ BXotogy PJltA zntA Tk&£X6 0)10.1 Vz£zn6& ^0)1 thz Ma6tz)L 0^ ScZzncz Vzq)izz a,yi B^otogy Janzt Suz Wzb6tz)L "Root AndSo^y oi Etvz Sp:iztz-& o^ AbAontd ^)Lom Southz)Ln Cdtt{iO)intd and lt'& EcoZogtcdZ impttaattons" May i4y 1979 £0:15 51-129 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Although it is difficult to sort out those special indi viduals among the many who offered assistance and guidance during the extent of my graduate endeavors, I wish to extend my appreciation to those whose continued support and criticisms resulted in the completion of this manuscript and a Master of Science degree. My appreciation to Dr. Dianne Irwin, who introduced me to the academic environment, once again, and remained the chief motivator to the completion of my graduate degree. In appre ciation for their invaluable assistance in manuscript criticisms, critiques and most important encouragements, thanks are extended to Drs. A. Egge and D. Harrington, my graduate committee members. In recognition of their typing talents that I lack, a relieved thank you is given to Carol Smith and Kim Alexander v/ho were responsible for the final draft of tables and manuscript body. /commandant (when necessary) and most important friend, a special I thank you, although it seems hardly adequate. She is one of I the few intellectual individuals I have met who possesses the 3 will and capacity to share their knowledge and show a genuine X interest in continued learning which she so readily shares withh,,.,;^ her graduate students. Ber ability to seek, discover and nur­ m ture virtues present in her graduate students, resulted not only _"V in the completion of their degrees; but the self-realization of their ovzn potentials which beccme pillars of self-reliance and confidence. This she has given to me, and I can not think of iii .^1. more ■impoT-tant' gif.t any inddTidual-" can- ^ gli?'e ■ to- anodhe/r . In final assessments of my work cotnpleted, and degree allowed, nothing is niore valuable to me than the close friend-­ ships which have bloomed irom the common sharing of research ideas, goals, and the simple learning process. To Karen Paton (PhD to be) whose siraple warmth, caring, and assurances during the times where graduate degree pursuance seemed most formidable, a very special and appreciative, than you, Karen. TABLE OF CONTF/WTS PAGE IntroductIon . , . Materials and Methods , , . , ^ * . ^ Results . , 22 Discussion . • • • • » • • • • « . Summary . » . » . » , 73 Literature Cited . , . , 75 iv . ■ r,. .V-MSf: OF TABLES ■^T:a;ble,M. Soil Id-eutlf4^i:^At:io-fL ^nruinbir colleetiom' site loaat-ions .;-f or 12 ssoil:'samp^ies with aaao'c-. iated Abronia Species in southBtti Californla« . ^ ^ Table 2® Percentage of soil separates in 100 grains of soils associated with five species of Abronia from southern California•.. * e « ............. 26 Table 3. Physical and chemical soil properties from /I,/ so-ils cO'llecied' .in''asaooiatidn'/with■■• five . ■spe.eie.s^' of Ahronia in southern Califorhia............^... .« 27 Table 4. Values of anatomical characters of roots of Abronia nanassp. covillei populations from Big Bear Lafce area j San Bernarditio Co. • .... • .. ^ . ^2 Table 5. Values of ahatomical characters of roots of Abronia pogonahtha populations from Palmdaleg Lo s ' Angeles 'LO' « . - . .. .;• . •.• . .• m «...■ .... « .. » ■. .. .43 Table 6. Values of anatpmieal characters Of rooLs of Abronia villosa populations from Palm Springs Riverside Co. and Palmdale, Los Angeles Go. ........ Table 7. Values of anatomical characters of roots of Abronia maritima populations from Gso Flaco Beach. San Luis Obispo Co. .v......... ... ..... Table:®.,' \ aluea..- of • anatomical characters of rootFj of Abronia latifolla populations from Oso PlacO Beachj San Luis Obispo Co. .............. ........ ... ^6 Table S. Intraspecific comparisons (using t-tept values) of the means of nine anatomical char acters among six representatives from a pop ulation of Abr onia nana s sp. covillei y col­ leeted in Big Bear Lake areag San Beriiard- i'nO '"Co «•' .. ... e a ... ... .' ... e .'. 30^ Table 10. Intraspecific comparisons (using t-test values) of the means of nine anatomical char acters among six representatives from a pop ulation of Abronia;pogdnanthe cdllected in Palmdale areas iu Los Angeles Co. ......... 51 LIST, OF TABLES PAGE Table II. Intraspeclfic comparisons (usiag t-test values) of the mei-iis of nine anatomical char acters among six representatives from a pop ulation of Abronia \'illosa■ II r ■ I. pri.T. collected' in Palm 0 .Springs j Rive'iJsidd ; ^G^o. v '^> . ® • <» Table 12/ Intraspecific comparisons (usirig t-test values) of the means of nine anatonilcal char acters among six representatives from a pop ulation of Abronia maritiina collected in Sol ano Beach, San Diego Co# and 0so F1aco Beach, San Luis Obispo Co •... r. t .• # .. # 53 Table 13# Intraspecific comparisons (usihg t~test values) of the means of; nine anatomiGal char acters among six representatives from a pop ulation of A^^oni^ Oso Flaco Beach area, San Luis pbispo Co#.• - .• # # • •. # 54 Table 14. Interspecific comparisons (using t-test values) of the means of 14 ariatoniieal char acters among five species of Abronia from southern California. # # « vr­ PAGE Pig. 1, Diagrairimatic illustration showing location of root segments a and b used for cross sectidns (c.s.), longitudinal (l*s.) sections and macer-^ ation preparations from Abronla roots» ••.• ,. Fige 2a~b< Biagrainmatic representation of ^25 and *20 mm grids from the llmproved lleubauer counting cham ber used in number per mm^^ determinatioiis: of ana­ , t O'ln.Xca 1.". G'h aract C'rs e ■ c■ *' •©■ • o;» « ■» • ,« » • ' • « •' Fig^ 3n-e. Habitats and habits of five species of Abronia in southern California, • © . © • © « • • • • • *• « • • • • • Fig. Aa-^e. Enlaf geraent s of sands from habitats of five:; ^s^pecies ■ of' ^Ab'rania-- in'^ apntkehn' -Gali • . .. " . ■ -29. Fig. 5a-d. Enlargements of A.©- ' . ■ n'aha sap © covillei ' ■ ' r 001. ;■ 13» s.sue s and c e'l.-la • .• ■*. ® « • • • • '• •' ©. ■©. • • • • • • • © ©■: . , Fig. 6a-d. Enlargements of A. pogonahtha root fis­ . sue.s a'n.d eell-s © .' ©. • » • ©- «' « . « .«'« .© • • ©. &' . •-© «<- -• • » * . © ' -s-. • 3^ Fig. 7a-d. Enlargements of A. villosa root tissues and cells.. .... 36 Fig. 8a-d. Enlargemehts of A.
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