Recent Observations on the Distribution and Status of Wildlife of Balochis Tan

Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sc iences Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 4813 - 4846 , June 2019 Online ISSN: 1920 - 3853; Print ISSN: 1715 - 9997 Available online at www.cjpas.net

Special Article

RECENT OBSERVATIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND STATUS OF WILDLIFE OF BALOCHIS TAN

* Syed Ali Ghalib 1 , Muhammad Zaheer Khan 1 , Ubaid Ullah 1 , Roohi Kanwal 1 , Afsheen Zehra 1 , Saima Siddiqui 1 , Dar a khshan Abbas 1 , Ghazala Yasmeen 1 , Babar Hussai n 2 and Abdur Raz z aq Khan 3 1 Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi - 75270 2 IUCN - Pakistan, 1 Bath Island Road Karachi 3 Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Limited, Karachi

ABSTRACT

Field surveys were undertaken from 2015 to 2019 in ma jor ecological zones of the Balo ch istan province to collect data o n the distribution and status of its wildlife. Based on five years field observations, 92 species of ma mmals, 373 species of birds, 120 species of reptiles and seven species of amphibians were documented . The p resent study gives an update list of Wildlife Protected Areas of the Province, the list of Threatened/Near - threatened species, the important wildlife hotspots, important ecotourism sites and key/peculiar of wildlife species. In regard to the Threatened/Nae r - threatened species of wildlife, among mammals four species are Endangered (EN), eight species are Vulnerable (VU) and three species are Near - threatened (NT) . Among birds, two species are Critically Endangered (CR), four species are EN, three species are Vulnerable and 15 species are Near - threatened. Among reptiles, one species is Critically Endangered, on e species is Endangered and six species are Vulnerable. The threats along with Protected Areas Management issues have also been identified and Priority A ctions for the conserva tion and management of wildlife and its habitats have been suggested. The achievements made so far in the Province have been highlighted for awareness of the scientific community and for appreciating the commendable efforts in the Pr ovince made so far.

Keywords: Wildlife of Balochistan, protected areas of Balochistan, ecotourism sites, threatened wildlife species, key species .

INTRODUCTION Much work on the wildlife of Balochistan has been previously done which includes Ahmed and Ghali b Balochistan , with an area of 350,000 sq . km , is the largest (1979 ), Ahmed et al . (1992, 1993, 2011), Ahme d (2003, p rovince while it has the lowest population of 0.7 2013), Ali et al . (2018), Ali et al . (2012), Arshad et al . millions. It consists of 32 districts and contai ns the coastal (2002), Azam (2004), Balochistan Forest and Wildlife area of about 800 km (Fig. 1) . The g eographical Department (2006), Begum et al . (2013, 2016), Ghalib et coordinates include 24.32N and 60.70E. The mountainous al . (1997, 2000, 2004, 2007, 2008), Ghalib and Hasnain ranges exist in the eastern and northern part of province. (1997, 1999), Gore et al . (2012), Government of Mountains of about 7000 ft height are also found. While , Balochistan and IUCN - Pakistan (2000), Groombridge Valleys are situated above 1500 m of sea level. (1987), Grimmett et al . (2008), Iffat (1998), IUCN - Pakistan (2017), Javed and Azam (2005), Kanwal et al . In regard to the variety of biod iversity, this province is (2018), Karki (2016), Khan (2002), Khan (2006, 2008, quite rich in wildlife. Three National Parks, 14 Wildlife 2010), Khan and Sidd iqui (2011), Khan et al . (2004, Sanctuaries, and six Game Reserves are presen t in the 2010), Khurshid et al . (1995), Kiani and Waerebeek Province for the protection and conservation of wild (2015), Mian (1997), MMF Pakistan (2018), Nawaz species (Govt. of Balochistan and IUCN, 2000). (1984), Pandrani et al . (2005), Rasool and Hasnain (2008, 2009), Rehman and Theodore (2005), Roberts (1984,1991, 1992, 1998), Sarwar et al . (2016), Shafiq and Barkati (2002), Shafiq et al . (2002), Shaikh and Molour *Corresponding author e - mail: [email protected] (2004), Siddiqui et al . (2008), Van Gils and Baig (1992) and Waqas et al . (2011). In this study period, from 2015 4814 Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

to 2019, we documented recent o bservations on the for conservation and mana gement of wildlife in the di stribution and current status of the wildlife of Province. Balochistan as well as highlighted the efforts and needs

Fig. 1. Map of Balochistan showing Districts in the Province .

MATERIALS AND METHOD S Point Surveys Techniques used for S urvey of Mammals In this method , d ifferent point s were selected as the There are several techniques used for survey and observation points for the wildlife. It becomes easier if observation of mammals . Methods which were adopted that point is present on high elevation as it became easy to for the current study included Track Counts, P oint record the status of wildlife. Mostly , the time duration Surveys, Roadside Counts, Line Transects, Strip Census varie s fro m one hour to five hours for observation. and Pellet Counts. Different habitats can be selected for different observations. Dawn and d usk time were found suitable for Track Counts th e implementation of point count method. Track count is a n important technique used for identification of m any species. Specifically nocturnal Roadside Counts animals can easily be traced by track count method. The As large mammals can easily detect the human presence rainy season sometimes become s supportive as old track s by their strong sense of smell so it is not an easy task to diminish while th e new tracks can easily be identified. easily approach them by entering their territory. So Road Track count method was adopted during the survey in side count is much safer te chnique for the observation of selected areas . large mammals. Brower et al . ( 1990 ) used this technique Ghalib et al . 4815

as the researcher passed through the r oa d side on some Techniques us ed for S urvey of Reptiles and Amphibians vehicle and sighted the number of species. The road side count technique was adopted to study th e large mammals Visual Surveys fr om the roads / highway s . Many diffe rent species of Visual survey method was used to ident ify the presence of mammals were sighted including Foxes, Jackals, C ats and turtles in specific location s . This technique facili tates the M ongooses. A vehicle was used to survey the study areas study of popul ation richness, type of habitat and species on a very slow speed to create the least disturbance in identification . thei r natural habitat. The time of daw n and dusk were selected for the se surveys. Line Transact Method Line transacts method was used for reptile surveys. Line Transects Suitable sampling a rea s were selected and transact walks Line Transect method is the most common technique used were made to record the data. by various researchers to study the wild animals. A transect line is set to observe the transferring animals. Plot Sear ching Time has also been recorded for their sighting. Dista nce Plot searching is an important technique to study the has also been estimated betw een the sighted animal and population of reptiles and amphibian. This included the the observer. The total number of individua ls of various plot searching in main habitats of reptiles and a m p hibians. species was colla ted by recording the number of sighted animals . Indirect Data Collection Indirect record of occurrence of species was made by This technique was adopted during the surveys for n oting the presence of signs like tracks, den or tunnels o bserving the large mammals like Ibex, Urial and (egg lying excavation), impression s of foot prints, or tail, Chinkara . The surveys of marine mammals were done by presence of fecal pallets and information which was boats. Different boats of different sizes were used for collected by indirect ways including the interviews of marine survey. The speed of boat s were kept below 12 associated people like fishermen , wildlife officials, knots , while the transact area was observed fr om both traders, hunters and local communities tog e ther with sides of the boats. Two people worked as observers while reviewing of the scientific published literature. one person worked as a recorder. Binoculars were used for the observations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSI ON

Pellet Counts Reliable assessment of distributio n and population status Pellet Counts Technique is also a very helpful tool during of wild animals is a long - standing challenge in wildlife. I n the survey for wildlife. Fecal material of various species this study , we conducted several detailed surveys during can act as their identifying tool as well as for providing 2015 - 2019 . B ased on our five year field studies and also information about status of the species. taking into account the reliable secondary informations species of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians as Spot Light Method recorded from the P rovince were documented (Table 1) . Spot light method wa s used to detect the nocturnal animals including Hare, Por cupine, Hedgehog, Fox, Wild Table 1. Vertebrate Fauna of Balochistan. Cat and Ja ckal . S. No. Group of animals Number of species Recording of Fresh Holes and Tracks recorded According to Brower et al . (1990) the holes and tracks 1 Mammals 92 method can be used to determine the range and status of 2 Birds 37 3 small mammals. Fresh holes and tracks were counted in 3 Reptiles 1 20 the study area of one sq. km, for the purpose . 4 Amphibians 7

Techniques used for S urvey of Birds Mammals of Balochistan Extensive fields surveys were used to record the Ninety two species of mammals were reco rded in the migtratory and resident birds. Line Transect method and province ( Table 11). Based on our findings Chiltan - Point Survey method s were used for bird fauna in bays, Hazarganji National Park, Hingol National Park (HNP) , coastal, terrestrial and mountainous areas. Field Ziarat National Park, Qila Saifullah, Zhob, Noshki, e quipments and field guides were used for identification Chagai, Kharan and Khuzdar areas have been identified of bird species. as hotspot s for wildlife in Baloc histan.

4816 Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

Birds of Balochistan In regard to the seasonal status of the coastal birds, 50 373 species of birds have so far been recorded. Out of species were recorded as resident, while 83 species were which , 25 6 species are migratory and 117 species are found to be migrants. Wilsons Storm Petrel, Crab Plover, resident. Great Crested Tem, Lesser Creste d Tern and Sandwich Tern were recorded as Year Round Visitors. Yellow - The pote nt ial bird areas of the province are: Chiltan/ wattled Lapwing and Blackshafted Ternlet were recorded Hazarganji, Ziarat and Hingol National Parks, Raksh an as Summer Breeding Visitors, while Sooty Gull, Common Valley including Nag area, Chagai area, Zhob valley from Tern, White Cheeked Tern and Bridled Tern were Qila Saifullah to Zhob, Makran Coast, Zangi Nawar lake, recorded as Summer Visitors a nd Yellow Wagtail was Siranda Lake, Hub Dam, Saji Dam, Sonmiani, Bund recorded as Passage Migrant. Khushdil Khan, Beroon Kirthar Canal, Marao Lake and Astola Island. Zhob valley has been impo rtant for Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) in Siberian Crane. Chagai and Kharan areas are important Balochistan for Houbara Bustard. A Houbara Research Rehabilitation In Balochistan , e ight important Biodiversity Areas have and Breeding Centre (HRRBC) has been established at been identified (Table 2). The list may be further Kirchi, Nag Valley in district Kharan since 1999 by the expanded by addition of four such ar eas due to their Houbara Foundation Internatio nal Pakistan with the aim importance as significant wetland sites viz. Hub Dam to prevent unsustainable hunting, and to rescue Houbara W i ldlife Sanctuary, Ormara Turtle Beaches and Miani from trappers for rehabilitation in the wild, and to Hor. restablish the population of Houbara in the Nag Valley. Table 2. List of IBAs in Balochistan . Status of the Coastal Birds The most common, widespread and do minant waterbirds S. Area Name and Category on the Coast are the waders or the shorebirds including No. the gulls and terns. Majority of these birds are found in 1 Hingol National Park, Lasbella, Gwadar, Awaran shallow water habitats during the non - breeding period. 2 Chilt an - Hazarganji National Park, Quetta 3 Ziarat National Park, Ziarat Nine species of birds have been recorded to be localized 4 Juniper Wildlife Sanctuary, Ziarat over the c oast. These include Red Breasted Merganser, 5 Ras Koh Wildlife Sanctuary,Chagai Marbled Duck, Black Stork, White Ibis, Glossy Ibis, 6 Torghar Nature Sanctuary and the Shingar Sooty Gull, White Winged Black Tern, White - cheeked Range, Zhob Tern and Black shafted Ternlet. 7 Jiwani Beaches and Dasht Kaur, Gwadar 8 Zangi Nawar L ake Game Reserve,Chagai Only three coastal sites on the Balochistan Coast now support large concen trations of waterbirds. These are Prominent Bird Migration s in Balochistan Jiwani Coastal Area, Hingol National Park and Miani Eleven prominent and notable bird migrations have been Hor. Other sites such as Ormara, Pasni, Gwadar, Sur recorded in Balochistan (Table 3) . They must be closely Bandar, Khappar, Pishukan and Ganz have lost their monitored to find out the trends particularly in case of significance as important waterbird sites due to large scale Cranes and Buntings. distur bance by developmental activities in the area.

Table 3 . Prominent Birds migration through Balochistan .

S. No. Common Name Scientific Name Seasonal Status 1 Blackheaded Bunting Emberiza melanocephala Common DPM 2 Red - headed Bunting Emberiza burniceps Abundant DPM 3 Redthroated Flycatcher Ficedu la parva Very Common DPM 4 Common Crane Grus grus Prominent PM 5 Demoiselle Crane Grus virgo Prominent PM 6 Rufoustailed Rock Thrush Monticola saxatilis Abundant SPM 7 Bluecheeked Bee - eater Merops persicus Abundant SBV 8 European Bee - eater Merops apia ster Widespread SBV 9 Eurasian Cuckoo Cucculus canorus Widespread SBV 10 Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Common WV 11 Finch e ’ s Wheatear Oenanthe finschii Frequent WV

Legend: DPM= Double Passage Migrant, PM= Passage Migrant, WV= Winter Visitor, SPM = Spring Pass age Migrant, SBV= Summer Breeding Visitor Ghalib et al . 4817

Brief account of Some Important Bird Species of the Since extremely arid in nature, vegetation in most of this P rovince area is very sparse while it is non - existent in certain Three important groups of birds have been briefly portions. In some places, sand dunes could also be seen discussed below as being the species of high economic but more prominently, around a wetland, called Zangi importance and conservation values. Nawar Lake. The arial distance of the wetland from the entry point in Pakistan is about 50 km. Cranes Many groups of C ranes have been frequently seen in Zangi Nawar Lake consists of 32 natural sections of extreme southern parts of Pakistan . T he majority of the water, all interconnected through small water cha nnels, cranes are seen on river Indus and on small rivers west to enclosing islands of various sizes. Some of these islands Indus like Zhob, Luni, Kashu and Kurram, flowing are bare sand dunes, while other s have good vegetation of through the districts of Zhob, D era Ismail Khan, Bannu, trees like Tamarix sp. Such islands are trhe prefe r red and Parachinar. In t he south, big flocks of Common nesting sites of a variety of resident bird species and are Crane s ( Fig. 2 ) and Demoiselle C ranes have often been used for as restin g place for migratory cranes (Roberts, recorded along the sea coast, during February and March, 1984). while smaller groups are seen over small rivers and streams in the int erior of southern Balochistan, heading Cranes are known to local inhabitants as a very common towards North West. feature of the area. Many of them still remember the sites where huge congregations of cranes used to occur. The T housands of cranes are frequently seen in the districts of number, though drastically d e clined over the last decades, Zhob, Bannu and Dera Isma il Khan during spring each still ranges in thousands. Unfortunately, bird shooting on year T heir ent r y point is located between Zaro and Anam Zangi Nawar has forced the cranes to use alternate sites. Bostan of Chagai District, w hich lies in the south - west direction of famous Abe - Istada Lake and south east of The most popular flyway for the Demoiselle Crane passes Kajaki dam of Afghanistan. These lakes are known for through Zhob district. Qamar Din Karez is anoth er harbouring cranes for various durations. staging area f or Demoiselle C ranes located close to Pakistan - Afghan istan border. It is locally bel i e ved that After entering Pakistan through the above point, the cranes , that do not stop at Umer Zai , stay here. The cranes cranes arrive in the vaste streches of arid, flat grounds, do not stop on any of these places during the autumn often deserts, spread over hundreds of square kilometers. migration.

Fig. 2 . Flock of Common Crane s ( Photo Credit: Mirza Naim Beg) . 4818 Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

Sooty Falcon Houbara Bustard Sooty Falcon ( Falco concolor ) is peculiar to Hingol There is a vast plain are a in Hingol National Park by the National Park as a summer breeder in the Aghor area of side of the Coastal Highway near Phor Naddi (25º 30' 37. the Park and it is in need of special attention for its 8 '' N, 65º 51' 00.3 '' E) . It is the main habitat of Houbara conservation. It is a rare summer breeder along the Bustard ( Chlamydotis macqueenii ) ( Fig. 3 ) in the area Ma kran Coast from Ormara westward. The breeding (Ghalib et al ., 2008). Wintering Houbaras arrive in season is July - September/October. Sooty Falcons are Pakistan via Afghanistan, from mid September - known to breed in mid - May at the mouth of Hingol River December. The Houbara Bustard ( Chlamydotis in HNP. macqueenii ) wintering population visiting western Balochistan comes from Kazakistan . Return migration Saker F alcon takes place in February - March and by March most of the Saker Falcon ( Falco cherrug ) locally known as Chargh or birds have gone ba ck. Chaga i and Kharan are the most Saqar is a species which affects desert and semi - desert favourite areas for these birds in Balochistan. biotope. It had been recorded as a frequent winter visitor from Tajikistan and Afghanistan, but now it has almost Houbara meat is also considered as an aphrodisiac. A ban been extirpated from the province due to heavy trapping. on Houbara hunting was imposed by the Supreme Court in 2015. The Federal and the Provincial Governments cha llenged the decision before a larger bench of Supreme Court that lifted the ban in January 2016.

Fig. 3 . Houbara Bustard ( Photo Credit: Shum ail Larik) .

Ghalib et al . 4819

Reptiles of Balochistan Amphibians of Balochistan As many as 120 species of reptiles have so far been Seven species of amphibians have so far been recorded recorded from Baloc histan (Table 12) comprising of six from Balochistan including three Frog and four Toad main groups ( Table 4 ) . species (see Table 15).

Table 4. G roups and number of species in each group of reptiles recorded .

S. No. Main Groups Number of Species recorded 1 Marine Turtles 05 2 Fresh Water T urtles 02 3 Tortoise 01 4 Marsh Corcodile 01 5 Lizards 64 Poisonous Snakes Marine Snakes 11 6 Snakes Te rrestrial Snakes 08 47 Non - poisonous Snakes 28

Protected Areas in Balochistan Other Areas There are three National Parks, 14 Wildlife Sanctuaries There are five Private Game Reserves mainly for Ibex and and six Game Reserves, in Balochistan (Table 5). Torghar Urial. Balochistan Black Bear was previously reported area in Qila Saifullah is the stronghold of Straight horned from two such areas viz. Gaj Kolachii and Lahindo in Markhor ( Capra falconeri jerdoni ). Khuzdar .

Tabl e 5 . Wildlife Protected Areas of Balochistan .

S. No Name District Area Year Established to Protect National Parks 1 Hazarganji Quetta and 67759 1980 Chiltan Wild Goat National Mastung Acre Park 2 Hingol Lasbella, 619043 1988 and Sindh Ibex, Urial, Chinkara, Marsh Crocodile, National Gwadar and ha 1997 Green T urtle, Houbara Bustard, Dalmatian Park Awa ran Pelican, Plumbeous Dolphin , Mahseer 3 Ziarat Ziarat 41936 2018 Junpier Forest National Acre Park Wildlife Sanctuaries 1 Ziarat Ziarat 37247 1971 Markhor and Urial ha 2 Sasana Mana Ziarat 6607 ha 1971 Juniper Forest 3 Chorani Khuzdar 19433 1972 Black Bear, Ibex, and Urial ha 4 Shashan Khuzdar 29555 1972 Ibex and Urial ha 5 Kachau Khuzdar 21660 1972 Urial ha 6 Kolwa Kap Awaran 33198 1972 Chinkara ha 7 Ras Koh Kharan 99498 1962 Ibex and Urial ha 8 Raghai Kharan 125425 1972 Urial Rakshan ha 9 Buzi Gwadar 145101 1972 Ibex, Urial, and Chinkara Makhola ha 10 Khurkhara Lasbella 18345 1972 Chinkara ha 4820 Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

11 Maslakh Qi la Abdullah 4655 9 1968 Urial and Chinkara ha 12 Koh - e - Gishk Kalat 24356 1983 Ibex, Urial and Chinkara ha 13 Gut Chagai 165992 1983 Ibex, Urial, and Chinkara ha 14 Bund Pishin 1296 ha 1983 Water birds Khushdil Khan Game Reserves 1 Gogi Harnai 10364 1962 G ame Birds ha 2 Wam Harnai 3887 ha 1962 Game Birds 3 Kambran Chagai/ 211433 1983 Ibex, Urial and Chakor Dalbandin ha 4 Duzdara and Mastung 2351 ha 1999 Wild animals Koh - e - Surko 5 Dureji Lasbella 178259 1998 Ibex, Urial, Chinkara and Marsh Crocodile ha 6 Z awa r K han Pishin 2619 1963 Markhor and Urial Acre Private Game Reserves 1 Dher Bolan Traditional Ibex and Urial use 2 Harpursi Kalat Traditional Ibex and Urial use 3 Gaj Kolachii Khuzdar Traditional Black Bear, Ibex and Urial (Kinjoo) use 4 Lohindo Khuzdar Traditional Black Bear use 5 Tobati Kalat Traditional Ibex and Urial use Community Conservation Areas 1 Torghar Qila Saifullah 1985 Straight - horned Markhor

Brief Description of the National Parks of Balochistan Hingol National Park (HNP) Hingol National Park covers an area of about 619, 043 ha Chiltan - Ha zarganji National Park located in Lasbella, Awaran and Gwadar districts. It was It is located about 20 km southwest of Quetta. The habitat declared as a National Park in 1997. consists of Chiltan range of hills, with the highest peak at 3264 m, falling steeply to stony screes at the eastern end With a variety of ecosystems such as sea shores, hilly of the park at 2000 m. Dotted with juniper at higher area s, desert, sand dunes, rivers, croplands, water bodies e levations, and at their foot with scattered Pistachio and and the mountainous ranges. There are two mud volcanos Mountain Ash ( Fraxinus xanthoxyloides ), Artemisia and also present in Haro range including Chandragup mud dramatic yellow globes of Ferula oopoda . volcano and Khandewari mud volcano.

Birds species recorded in Hazarganji National Park are A rcheological and historical such as Nani Mandar and See - see and Chukar Patridges, Europian Bee - eate r, Pallid Prin cess of Hope are also located here . There are many Scops Owl, Eurasian Nightjar, Red - rumped Swallow, hotspots in the Hingol National Park which include Ras Bay - backed Shrike and Desert Finch. At higher elevations Malan, Hingol River Estuary, Hingol River, Central there is a small population of Yellow - billed Chough. Hingol, Hinglaj A rea, Sapat, Sanguri, Dhrun, Kukeri Detailed studies on the ecology and fauna of Chiltan - Bhent and Rodaini Kacho. Hazarganji National Park have bee n undertaken. Grimmett et al . ( 2008 ) reported different species of birds in Hingol National Parks including Pallid Swift, Black - bellied Sandgrouse, Chestnut - bellied Sandgrouse ( Fig. 4 ), Ghalib et al . 4821

Sooty Falcon, Brown - necked Raven, Hooded Wheatear, White Pelican, Lagga r Falcon, Eurasian and Hobby and Chestunt - shouldered Petronia, Dalmatian Pel ican, Great Finsch’s Wheatear.

Fig. 4. Chestnut bellied Sandgrouse in Hingol National Park .

from Hingula (Sindhoor) of the Goddess Sati. Hinglaj is believed to be the place where dismembered goddess head with its Hingol Sindhoor vermallion fell (Balochistan Forest and Wildlife department, 2006).

Ziarat National Park Ziarat National Park is located 96 km west of Quetta. This is a high altitude valley, situated ab out 2400 m, with the highest nearb y peak Mount Kaliphat at 3945 m . A climax habitat, which comprises of open - canopy tall juniper forest with flowering Tulips, Foxtail Lilies and purple tussocks of Onobrychis sp in summer. There is some deciduous fruit cult ivation in the valley.

Birds of the area are summer breeding Eurasian Scops Fig. 5. A v iew of the way to Hingla j Mandir in HNP . Owl, Eurasian Sparrowhawk, Mistle Thrush, Spotted Flycatcher, Black Redstart, Lesser Whitethroat, Eurasian Site of Religious Importance in HNP Rock Nuthatch, Eurasian Crag Martin, Sulphur - bellied Hinglaj is one of the m ost important Hindu Pilgrim and Plain Leaf Warb lers, Fire - fronted Serin, White - distinations located inside the Hingol National Park (Fig. winged Grosbeak, Common and Red - mantled Rosefinche 5) about 20 km from the Makran Coastal Highway and White - capped Bunting . accessible from the Aghor. The name Hingol is derived 4822 Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

Ramsar Sites in Balochistan conducted each year in Pakistan. As these censuses have There are five Ramsar Site s in Balochistan (Table 6). not been regularly conducted for a long period of time, Ther e are also other important sites for the birds such as hence the latest data on wat erbirds are missing. Recently Bund Khushdil Khan, Zanginawar and Siranda Lakes some studies have been undertaken on the Astola Island being notable sites for supporti ng large concentration of which is a Ramsar Site as well as a Marine Protected Area water birds during winter. The population of water birds (MPA) . Thus useful data on the biodiversity of th is site has declined considera bly during the past seven years due have been collected. This wetland site is now being to drought in the province and degradatio n of wetlands. stud ied and managed on priority basis. Other Ramsar Sites such as Hub Dam, Jiwani Coastal Wetland, Miani Waterbirds have been previously recorded on these Hor and Ormara Turtle Beaches are degraded and need to wetlands during the Asian Waterbirds Census (AWC) be revisited and managed properly.

Table 6 . Ramsar Sites in Pakistan .

S. No. Ramsar Sites Provin ce 1 Astola Island (Haft Talar) Balochistan 2 Jiwani Coastal Wetland Balochistan 3 Miani Hor Balochistan 4 Ormara Turtle Beaches Balochistan 5 Hub Dam Balochistan /Sindh 6 Deh Akro Sindh 7 Drigh Lake Sindh 8 Haleji Lake Sindh 9 Indus Delta Sind h 10 Indus Dolphin Reserve Sindh 11 Jubho Lagoon Sindh 12 Keenjhar Lake Sindh 13 Nurri Lagoon Sindh 14 Rann of Kutch Sindh 15 Tanda Dam KPK 16 Thanedar Wala KPK 17 Chashma Barrage Punjab 18 Taunsa Barrage Punjab 19 Uc hhali Complex (incliding K habbaki, Uchhali and Jahlar Lakes) Punjab

Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Balochistan Pote ntial MPAs Sites in Balochistan Astola Island has been declared as first Marine Protecte d The following three sites in Balochistan that may be Area by Government of Balochistan on 15 th June, 2017 considered to be designated as MPAs in future. (Kanwal et al ., 2018) . It is 25 km away from the coast o f Balochistan , covering an area of about 6.7 sq km. It is 1. Churna Island considered as hotspot for nesting of Green turtle, It is a small unihabited island 1.2 km in length and 0.82 Hawksbill turtle and migratory birds. Another fauna km in width located about 9 km west of the mouth of the includes the saw scale viper, ascidians and a large variety Hub River along the coast of Balochistan. Primarily, it is of corals. a rocky island with diverse marine life including corals. Because of its location near Karachi city, it is a popular Subsequent surveys and detailed baseline studies were destination of snorkelers, scuba divers, cliff jumpers, jet conducted and data was published to highlight the skiers, sport f ishermen and picnickers. importance of the site (MFF Pakistan , 2018). Other 2. Gwatar Bay Marine wetland sites are being considered for designation It is a trans - boundary bay situated on the coast of the as Marine Protected Areas viz. Churna Island and Miani Sistan - Balochistan province of Iran and Balochistan Hor. province of Pakistan. It is one of the largest embayments along the entire coast of the two countries and covers an Ghalib et al . 4823

area of around 1000 sq.km (including the adjacent h ectares . It is globally significant as being vital for carbon floodplains) and 64 km of coast. The area is biologically sequestration. It has core, transition and buffer zones. and commercially important fishing site that provides livelihood sources for the fishing communities. The area Juniper is called Sanober in Urdu and Obusht in Pushto , it is home to three species of marin e turtles, as well as five is an enigmatic tree found in the upper regions of the species of small cetaceans and numerous bird species . Ziarat Valley. The tree has many uses such as fuel wood, manufacturing of pencils, as thatching materials, oil 3. Miani Hor extraction from the berries and as fla vor base for drinks. It is a lagoon located along the coast of Balochistan at a distance of 90 km from Karachi. The average width of Some Important Coastal Biodiversity Sites of this lagoon is 7 km, with a narrow and shallow conn ection Balochistan with the open sea. Due to its special significance for There are four sites of high ecological and biological migratory and resident birds this lagoon has been values on the coast of Balochistan that deserve to be decleared a Ramsar Site . It is the only habitat in Pakistan studied and managed for the conservation of Wildlife of where three species of mangroves, Avicennia marina , the area on priority basis. These sites are described below: Rhizophora mucronata and Ceriops tagal occur naturally. Th is lagoon also provides a habitat for Humpback and Ormara Bottle - nosed dolphins and variety of fish species. Ormara is situated in a similar position to Gwadar, i.e., on a sandy strip of land, about 10 km long, connecting a large mountain block (Ras Ormara), some 20 km long and Asian Waterbirds Census (AWC) in Balochistan up to eight kilometers wide, with the mainland. This Asian Waterbird Census started in 1987 on major structure, again as at Gwadar, defines an extensive bay on wetlands . U seful data was collec ted mainly on 15 each side, a west bay and an east bay, the former here important wetlands of the province (Table 7). However, being particularly well - marked at its western end by the the practice could not progress regularly and hence there cliffs of a low mountain ridge known as Kamgar, and the are now many gaps in the study. east ern tip of a low coastal ridge, some 25 km long, known as Ras Sakani. Both Bays are edged by contiuous Table 7 . Important Wetlands of Balochistan with sandy beach, that of West Bay extending for about 24 km reference to AWC . between Ormara and Kamgar.

S. No. Wetlands The signs of concentrated nesting are evident along the 1. Akra R iver Estuary beach at the foot of Kamgar Hills at the western end of 2. Akra Kaur Dam West Bay. The beach here is in parts somewhat steeper 3. Astola Island ingradient than elswhere around the bay. It is also edged 4. Beron Kirthar Canal by a near horizontal rocky foreshore platform for parts of 5. Bund Khushdil Khan its length, and is backed at a distance of around 50 - 100 6. Dasht Hor meters by the precipitous Kamgar cliffs. The nesting 7. Gwadar Beach beach extends for around 4 km in all, with the fishing 8. Hingol Hor village of Tak being sited about a kilometer from its 9. Jiwani Mangroves southern limit.

10. Kalmat Hor The three kilometers stretch from Tak northward toward 11. Pasni Hor Ormara has dense nesting along most of the beach. Large 12. Ras Juddi number of Green turtles came ashore on the high tides 13. Sonmiani / Damb during March to September for nesting in the area. The 14. Sur Bandar site also supports a large number of waterbirds such as 15. Zang i Nawar Lake Oystercatchers, Avocets, Plovers, Sandpipe rs, Gulls and Terns. It is a Ramsar site (Groombridge, 1987). Biosphere Reserve in Balochistan A Biosphere Reserve is a site established under , Gwadar UNESCO s Man and Biosphere Programme to promote Gwadar town is situated on a wide sandy tract, about 10 sustainable development of conservation of biological and km long, connecting the mainland with a large mountain cultural diversity. mass, three or four kilometers wide and 24 km long, oriented parallel to th e coast. This mountain block bears Ziarat is located 127 km from Que tta at a height of 2445 several sandy coves and more extensive beaches around m eters Ziarat Juniper Forest was declared as a its periphery. Some of these have turtles nesting sites such Biosphere Reserve in 2013, covering an area of 1,11,852 4824 Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

as Chil Kassipp turtle beach, Link Koh and Pittak, et al. (2002) recorded 125 species of birds from Jiwani Kochoo, Committee, Shambo Pashi and Hablap. Wetland Complex and Pandrani et al . (2005) recorded 81 species of waterbirds from this area. Pelicans, Flamingos, Chil Kass ipp , a cove beach , is a little more than one Waders, Gulls and Terns are commonly seen in winter. hundred meters long located on the seaward side of the Migratory Ducks also visit the nearby water ponds and Gwadar massif. Link Koh and Pittak run into each other reservoirs in the area in winter. See - see Partridge, Grey forming a beach that is 750 meters long to the east of Chil Partridge and Sandgrouses are important game birds Kassip, and similarly on the seaward side of the being widely distr ibuted and quite common. Jiwani mountain. Coastal Wetland is also a Ramsar site.

Jiwani Astola Island The Jiwani beach is of pure sand, moderately wide and It is a Ramsar site. It is situated at a distance of about 20 very gently sloping, with an indistinct platform at the nautical miles east of Pasni. It is locally nown as Haft back of the beach. It extends f o r around 1.5 to 2 km, with Talar. Te maor portion of the island consists of rocky hills the cliff a meter or so high in the west and risking in an which are about 200 m above sea level and cover an area e astward direction to perhaps 30 - 40 m about halfway about 3 km in length and about 1 km in width. The along the beach. The light beacon is located at this point. eastern portion of the cliff is mostly sandy and faces The cliff then ends abruptly and for the remainder of its continuous process of erosion by the strong wave action. length the beach is backed by a low plain of sand with The coastline along the cl iffs is a small area with sandy scrubby vegetation and a muddy lagoon close to a rocky cum rocky beach. The sandy area of the beach is the promontory at the beach , s eastern limits. Turtle s nest on nesting site for marine turtles as well as a staging and most of the beach except at each extremity, but wintering ground for the water birds. The upper plain area concentrated along the portion backed by cliffs. of the island is also rocky cum sandy. Most of the area is flat with some depressions and crevices towards the Daran beach is located at a distance of 15 km south - east northern edge of the cliffs (Govt. of Balochistan and of Jiwani town. Are a of turtles nesting is 25° 02 ' .592 '' N IUCN, 2000; MFF - Pakistan, 2018; Kanwal et al ., 2018). and 061° 49 ' .109 '' E. The area is divided into five regions, from east to west, and is separated by cliffs, Daran Taak, Astola Island once had the largest colony of Great Crested Shaheed Taak, Jangan Taak, Deedlo Taak and Charlo. Tern ( Sterna bergii ) and Sooty Gu ll ( Larus hemprichii ) Green Turtles nest on sandy beach at the foot of the cliff. which has now been extirpated due to introduction of rats The cliff is 1 - 2 - meter - high in the west and rises up to 30 - to the Island ( Fig. 6 ) . 40 meters in the east. The beach at the foot of the cliff is sandy and gently sloping. Daran village is the only Grey Heron, Grey Plover, Black - tailed Godwit, Eurasian settlement in the area. Curlew, Little Stint, Herring Gull, Slender - billed Gull, Crested Lark and Desert Warbler have b een recorded Jiwani Wetland Complex situated in the ext reme south from this area. Quails are commonly reported during western corner of Balochistan on the coast of Arabian Sea September and October. Sooty Gull used to breed here is also an ecologically important area. It supports sometimes ago (Khurshid et al ., 1995). mangroves, endangered marine turtles, marine mammals such as finless porpoise, humpbacked and bottle - nosed Potential Mangrove Areas dolphins, marsh crocodiles a nd a variety of birds. A There are three potential mangrove areas along the Jiwani Conservation and Information Centre (JCIC) has coastline at Miani Ho r, Kalmat Khor and Guatar Bay been established by WWF - Pakistan to conserve the extending over 7750 acres, 5400 acres and 5000 acres , biodiversity of the area by establishing nurseries for respectively. The mangrove species recorded from the mangroves, protection of nesting sites of marine turtles, Balochistan Coast are Avicennia marina from Kalmat field investiga tions to explore the extent and numbers of Hor, Avicennia marina , Rhizophora mucronata and migratory birds and enhancement of public awareness. Ceriops tagal from M iani Hor areas.

The Jiwani Coast provides im portant passage and Peculiar Species of Balochistan wintering habitats for the migratory waterbirds. It The following 15 species of mammals, 13 species of birds provides ground to large flocks of Herring Gull ( Larus and 5 species of reptiles have been recorded as peculiar or arge ntatus ), Lesser Blackbacked Gull ( Larus fuscus ) and species of particular interest being threatened/ localized/ limited nmber of Sooty Gull ( Larus hemprichii ). Arshad indicator species (Table 8). Ghalib et al . 4825

Fig. 6 . A v iew of Gulls and Te rns at Astola Island .

Ta ble 8 . Peculiar Wildlife Species of Balochistan .

S. No. Common Name Scientific Name Mammals 1 Balochistan Black Bear Ursus thibe t anus gedrosinus 2 Marbled Polecat Vormela peregusna 3 Leopard Panthera pardus 4 Blanford’s Fox Vulpus cana 5 Ruppell’s Fox Vulpus rueppelli 6 Chiltan Wild Goat Capra aegagrus chialtanensis 7 Goitered Gazelle Gazella subguttorosa 8 Straight horned Markhor Capra falconeri megaceros 9 Pika Ochotona ruf escens 10 Balochistan Pygmy Jerboa Salpingotus michaelis 11 Small Five - toed Jerboa Allactaga elater 12 Hotson , s five - toed Jerboa Allactaga hotsoni 13 Greater Three - toed Jerboa Jaculus blanfordi 14 Spinner Dolphin Stenella longirostris 15 Humpback Wha le Megaptera nov aeangliae

4826 Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

Birds 16 Sooty Falcon Falcon concolor 17 Saker Falcon Falco cherrug 18 Houbara Bustard Chamydotis macqueenii 19 Grey Hypocolius Hypocolius ampelinus 20 Upcher , s Warbler Hippolias languid 21 Menetries Warbler Sylvi a mystacea 22 Bar - tailed Lark Ammomanes cinctures 23 Siberian Crane Grus leucogerinus 24 Marbled Duck Marmaronetta angustirostris 25 Brown Noddy Anous stolidus 26 Little Owl Athene noctua 27 Brown - necked Raven Corvus ruficollis 28 Dead Sea Sparrow P asser moabiticus Reptiles 29 Green Turtle Chelonia mydas 30 Olive Ridley Turtle Lepidochelys olivacea 31 Hawksbill Turtle Ermochelys imbricate 32 Horned Viper Cerastes cerastes 33 Saw - scaled Viper Echis carinatus astolii

Balochistan Wildl ife (Protection, Preservation, Discrepancies in the Balochistan Wildlife Act - 2014 C onservation and Management) Act - 2014 Species that have not been recorded so far fr om It is a very detailed Act for the Conservation and Balochistan have been mentioned as ‘protected’ in management of the Wildlife of the Province. It was schedule III of the Balochistan Wildlife Act, 2014 these passed in March, 2014. It has 96 articles and five include: Himalayan Rhesus Monkey, Indus Blind schedules. Dolphin, Whitewinged Wood Duck, Pink - headed Duck, Western Horned Tragopan, Himalayan Monal Pheasant, 1. It gives short title , preamble, definations, Estuarine Crocodile, Gharial, Great Indian Bustard. giuiding principles Indian Chameleon and Atlantic Ridley Turtle. 2. Administration 3. Prelimnary Protection of Wild animals Threats 4. Hunting of Game Animals The major threats to the birds particularly the waterbirds 5. Passession and display of wild animals and wetland of Balochistan are hunting/ trapping/ 6. Wildlife Trade and Traffic poaching of birds, cutting / clearance o f vegetation, large 7. Protected Areas scale fishing and partial reclamation of wetlands. 8. Ex - situ Conservation 9. Multinational Environmental Agr eements  Hunting/ Poaching (MEAs)  Habitat Loss 10. Community participation  Fire wood collection 11. Powers of the Government and Officers  Developmental activities particularly in the 12. Indemnity removal of difficulties and coastal areas punishment for offences under the Act  Drought 13. Miscellaneous duties  Heavy rainfall/ floods 14. Trial of Offence Cases  Tsunami 15. Penalties and Punishment  Coastal erosion 16. Repeals and Savings

 Mining activities in the Protected Areas There are fiv e schedules to the Act, as given below. Threatened/Near - threatened S pecies of Wildlife of 1. Game Animals Balochistan 2. Lawful Possession of Wild Animals There are altogather 30 Threatened and 17 N ear - 3. Protected Animals threaten ed species of mammals, birds and reptiles 4. Ramsar Sites in Balochistan documented (IUCN, 2019) (Table 9 ). 5. Penalties and Punishment

Ghalib et al . 4827

Table 9 . Threatened/Near - threatened S pecies of Wildlife of Balochistan (IUCN, 2019).

S. Order Family Scientific Name Common Name IUCN No. Status Threatened/ Near - threatened Mammals 1 Pholidata Manidae Manis crassicaudata Indian Pangolin/ Scaly Anteater EN 2 Cetacea Balaenopteridae B alaenoptera musculus Blue Whale EN 3 Cetacea Delphinidae Sousa plumbea Indian Humpback Dolphin EN 4 Cetacea Balaenopteridae Balaenoptera physalus Fin Whale VU 5 Carnivora Felidae Panthera pardus Leopard or Panther VU 6 Carnivora Mustelidae Vormela peregusna Marbled Polecat VU 7 Carnivora Ursidae Ursus thibetanus Balochistan Black Bear VU gedrosinus 8 Artiodactyla Bovidae Ovis vignei blandfordi Gad or Afghan Urial VU 9 Artiodactyla Bovidae Capra aegagrus Sind Wild Goat or Sind Ibe x VU 10 Artiodactyla Bovidae Capra aegagrus Chiltan Wild Goat or Chiltan VU chialtanensis Markhor 11 Artiodactyla Bovidae Gazella subgutturosa Goitered Gazelle VU 12 Cetacea Phocoenidae Neophocaena Little Indian Porpoise or Finless VU phocaenoides Porpoise 13 Carnivora Felidae Felis manul Pallas’s Cat NT 14 Carnivora Hyaenidae Hyaena hyaena Striped Hyaena NT 15 Artiodactyla Bovidae Capra falconeri Suleman Markhor or Straight NT megaceros Horned Markhor Threatened/ Near - threatened Bi rds 1 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Gyps bengalensis Indian White - backed Vulture CR 2 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus gregarious Sociable Lapwing CR 3 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Neophron percnopterus Egyptian Vulture EN 4 Charadriiformes S colopacidae Calidris tenuirostris Great Knot EN 5 Falconiformes Falconidae Falco cherrug Saker or Cherrug Falcon EN 6 Otidiformes Otididae Sypheotides indica Leekh or Lesser Florican EN 7 Pelecaniformes Pekecanidae Pelecanus crispus Dalmatian Pel ican VU 8 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Aquila heliaca Imperial Eagle VU 9 Falconiformes Falconidae Falco concolor Sooty Falcon VU 10 Chlamydotis VU Otidiformes Otididae Houbara Bustard macqueenii 11 Marmaronetta NT Anseriformes Anatidae Marbled Teal/Duck angustirost ris 12 Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya nyroca Ferruginous Duck NT 13 Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Mycteria leucocephala Painted Stork NT 14 Accipitriformes Himalayan Beareded Vulture or NT Accipitridae Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier 15 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Aegypius monachus Cinereous Vulture NT 16 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Circus macrourus Pale or Pallid Harrier NT 17 Falconiformes Falconidae Falco jugger Laggar Falcon NT 18 Otidiformes Otididae Tetrax tetrax L ittle Bustard NT 19 Charadriiformes Burhinidae Esacus recurvirostris Great Thick - knee NT 20 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris testaceus Curlew Sandpiper NT 21 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Limosa limosa Black - tailed Godwit NT 22 Charadriiforme s Scolopacidae Limosa lapponica Bar - tailed Godwit NT 23 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Numenius arquata Eurasian Curlew NT 24 Charadriiformes Sternidae Sterna aurantia River Tern NT Threatened/ Near - threatened Reptiles 1 Chelonia Cheloniidae Eretmoch elys imbricata Pacific Hawksbill Turtle CR 2 Chelonia Cheloniidae Chelonia mydas Indian Ocean Green Turtle EN 4828 Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

3 Chelonia Cheloniidae Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle VU 4 Chelonia Chelonidae Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Turtle VU 5 Chelonia Chelo nidae Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Turtle VU 6 Testudines Testudinidae Aspideretes gangeticus Indian Softshell Turtle VU 7 Testudines Testudinidae Testudo horsfieldii Central Asian Tortoise VU 8 Cr o codilia Crocodylidae Crocodylus palustris Marsh/M ugger Cr o codile VU

Legend: CR= Critically Endangered, EN= Endangered, VU= Vulnerable, NT= Near - threatened

Protected Areas Management Issues 10. Special care and protection to the endemic The following handicaps are noted while considering the species of small mammals. activities for protection and management of Protected/ 11. Coastal protection a nd restoration at Jiwani, Wildlife Significant Areas of Balochistan Gwadar and Gadani due to coastal erosion . . 12. Development of ecotourism at Hingol National 1. Conservation and management of wildlife has Park, Zi arat National Park, Chiltan - Hazarganji never been one of the primary objective s of the National Park, Kund Malir, Hinglaj, Jiwani, Ras planning process and plans. Malan, Chandragup, Gadani, Gwadar, Sonmiani 2. There is a heavy pressure of industrial and other historical and archeological sites of development in most of the areas of the province Balochistan (Table 10). wit h negative impacts on wild lands and natural habitats. Table 10 . Archeological/ Histori cal/ Ecotourism sites in 3. There is a heavy pressure of human population Balochi stan . growth in the natural habitats causing resource use conflict s including land ownership issues. S. Site Name 4. There is lack of policy about provision of gas/ No. electric ene rgy to the local communities who have been depending mostly on the resources of 1 Astola Island, Gwadar the natural area s for collection of firewood. 2 Beloar and Loi 5. There is lack of resources for capacity building 3 Bibi Nani of the Wildlife Department for wildlife 4 Buzi Pass/ Princess of Hope, Gwadar management and environmental monitoring o f 5 Chandergup Volcanos, Gwadar the key species and their habitats. 6 Chautair Valley, Ziarat Priority Actions Required 7 Churna Island, Hub 1. Special arrangements to manage turtle breeding 8 Dargah Aari Peer, Lasbella sites at Ormara/ Taq and Daran Beach. 9 Dargah Dewaney Shah, Lasbella 2. Management of the degraded wetland sites such 10 Dargah Hassan Peer on Sakran Road Hub, Lasbella as Bund Khushdil Khan, Zangi Nawar, Hannah 11 Dargah Peer Mubarak (Roomi , s Graveyard) Lake, and Siranda Lake. 3. Special studies on Cheetah, Goitered Gazelle, 12 Dargah Shah No orani, Lasbella/ Dureji Chiltan WildGoat, Leopord, Wolf, Cetaceans, 13 Dureji, Lasbella Houbara Bustard, Siberian Cra ne, Saker Falcon, 14 Gokshat Sooty Falcon , Mahseer, Corals and Mangroves. 15 Gondrani Caves/ Mai Gondrani/ Shehr - e - Roughan, 4. Management of fisheries activities at Hub Dam. Lasbella 5. Regular conduction o f AWC on the important wetlands of the province particularly on the five 16 Hanna Lake, Quetta Ramsar Sites. 17 Hannidaan 6. Development of Management plans f or the PAs 18 Harboi Mohammad Bin Haroon tomb, Kalat and the Ramsar sites . 19 Hingol River, Gwadar

7. Mitigation of the impact of develop mental 20 Hing laj/ Nani Mander activities related to China - Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in Balochistan . 21 Ka kkar Dam 8. Capacity building and Training of the 22 Kali Devi Mandir, Gwadar Balochistan Wildlife Department personnels. 23 Khajoori 9. Control on hunting , and Falcon trapping and 24 Khojak Pass, Chaman illicit wildlife trade . 25 Koh - e - murad, Turbat Ghalib et al . 4829

26 Lasbella Graveyard, Lasbella Commun i ty Based Trophy Hunting Program e s in 27 Mahargarh, Sibi the areas.

28 Mairi Kalat 6. A refuge has been created in Zhob District for the safeguard of Common and Demoiselle 29 Mazar Kharwari Baba, Ziarat Cranes. 30 Pinjirah Pull 7. Conservation of Green Turtle Programme has 31 Pir Ghaib waterfall been implemented at Jiwani. 32 Robert Sandeman Grave, Lasbella 8. Hunting fee for Houbara Bustard hunting ha s 33 Roomi Tomb (Hub), Lasbella been levied on the foreign hunting visitors . 9. The Balochistan Wildlife Department also 34 Sandeman Tangi actively participated in the formulation of 35 Sassi Punhoon Tomb, Lasbella National Vulture Conservation Strategy (Karki, 36 Spin Karez, Quetta 2016). 37 Spin Tangi. Quetta 10. The Conservation Action P lan for Fr esh Water 38 Talaangah action Dam Turtles (IUCN, 2017) h as been prepared with the active collaboration of Balochistan Wildlife 39 Zeezri, Sibi Department. 40 Ziarat Residency, Ziarat 11. The Balochistan Wildlife Department recently took action to control illegal capture and Efforts/Achievements for Conservation of Wildlife in transportation of Black Bear and Common Balochistan Cranes in Balochistan. We feel that good and substantive work has been done by the Balochistan Forest and Wildlife Department for the Prime Minister ' s Green Pakistan Program conservation and management of Wildlife in the province. The Ministry of Climate Change and Minis try of Science The highlights are given below to acknowledge th eir and Techonology with the cooperation of Space and contribution in this regard : Upper Atmospheric Research Commission, Pakistan ( SUPARCO ) have stepped upon unique longterm actions 1. The Balochistan Wildlife Conservation Act was for the conservation of forests a nd wildlife in the four notified in 2014. It i s a major achievement. provinces, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) , Gilgit 2. One of the major contributions to manage the Baltistan and Fedrally Administrated Tribal Areas wildlife of Hingol National Park was to prepare ( FATA ) since March, 2016. the (Draft) Management Plan of Hingol National Park in 2003. Subsequently , development plan s Rest o r a tion of Internationally Renouned Seven National for the improvement of the environment and Parks in Pakistan viz. Khunjerab National Park (Gilg it conservation and management of the key species Baltistan), Hingol National Park (Balochistan) , Lal are actively underway. Sohanra National Park and Salt Range Area (Punjab), 3. It is a remarkable step to declare Ziarat National Margalla Hills National Park (Islamabad Capital Park to conserve the unique wildlife of the Ziarat Territory), Kirthar National Park (Sindh), Chitral Gol area. National Park (KPK) and Machiara National Park (AJK). 4. It i s a major achievement to establish Astola Island as the First Marine Protected Area in Checklist of Mammals of Balochistan Pakistan. As many as 92 species of mammals ha v e so f a r been 5. The four Community Game Reserves viz. recorded (Table 11 ). These belong to eight O rders and 28 Torghar, Dureji, Talooband and Shah Noorani F amilies. have been established to undertake successful

Table 11 . Checklist of Mammals of Balochistan (IUCN, 2019).

S. Order Family Scientifi c Name Common Name National IUCN No. Status Status 1 Insectivora Erinaceidae Hemiechinus auritus Afghan Hedgehog LC LC 2 Insectivora Erinaceidae Paraechinus micropus Pale H edgehog LC LC 3 Insectivora Erinaceidae Paraechinus hypomel as Brandt’s H edgeho g LC LC 4 Insectivora Soricidae Suncus e truscus Etruscan Pygmy Shrew LC LC 5 Insectivora Soricidae Corocidura gmelini Balochistan Short - tailed LC LC Shrew 6 Insectivora Soricidae Corocidura zarudnyi Zarudny’s Shrew LC LC 4830 Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

7 Chiroptera Pteropidae Rousettus egypticus Egyptian Fruit Bat VU LC 8 Chiroptera Pteropidae Pteropus giganteus Flying Fox LC LC 9 Chiroptera Rhinopomatidae Rhinopoma hardwickii Lesser Mouse - tailed Bat LC LC 10 Chiroptera Rhinopomatidae Rhinopoma microphyllum Large Mou se - tailed Bat LC LC 11 Chiroptera Rhinopomatidae Rhinopoma mu scatellum Least Mouse - tailed Bat NT LC 12 Chiroptera Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus Greater Horse shoe Bat VU LC f e rr umequi n um 13 Chiroptera Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus macrotis Big - eared Horse shoe Bat NT LC 14 Chiroptera Hipposideridae Hipposideros fulvus Fulvous Leaf - nosed Bat LC LC 15 Chiroptera Hipposideridae Triaenops persicus Persian T rident Bat VU LC 16 Chiroptera Hipposideridae Asellia tridens Trident leaf - nosed Bat EN LC 17 Chiroptera Vespertilionidae Myotis emarginatus Geoffrey’s Bat E N LC 18 Chiroptera Vespertilionidae Eptesicus nasutus Sind Bat/ Persian Serotin e DD LC 19 Chiroptera Vespertilionidae Pipistrellus tenuis Least Pipistrelle LC LC 20 Chiroptera Vespertilionidae Pipist rellus kuhlii K u h l’s Pipisterelle LC LC 21 Chiroptera Vespertilionidae Scotoecus pallidus Yellow Desert Bat NT LC 22 Chiroptera Vespertilionidae Scotophilus h eathii Greater Yellow House LC LC Bat 23 Carnivora Felidae Panthe ra pardus Leopard or Panther CR VU 24 Carnivora Felidae Felis caracal Caracal or Red Lynx CR LC 25 Carnivora Felidae Felis chaus Jungle Cat LC LC 26 Carnivora Felidae Felis manul Pallas’s Cat NT NT 27 Carnivora Felidae Felis margarita Sand Cat or Dune Cat CR LC 28 Carnivor a Felidae Felis si lvestris Indian Desert Wild Cat DD LC 29 Carnivora Herpestidae Herpestes edwar d s i i Indian Mongoose or LC LC Indian Grey Mongoose 30 Carnivora Herpestidae Herpestes javanicus Small Indian Mongoose LC LC 31 Carnivora Canidae Canis lupus Indian Wolf EN LC 32 Carnivora Canidae Cani s aureus Indian Jackal NT LC 33 Carnivora Canidae Vulpus bengalensis Indian or Bengal Fox NT LC 34 Carnivora Canidae Vulpus cana Bla n dford’s/ King Fox NT LC 35 Carnivora Canidae Vulpus rueppelli Sand/ Rup p ell’s Fox VU LC 36 Carnivora Canidae Vulpus vulpus Common Red Fox NT LC 37 Carnivora Hyaenidae Hyaena hyaena Striped Hyaena CR NT 38 Carnivora Ursidae Ursus thibe tanus Balochistan Black Bear CR VU gedrosinus 39 Carnivora Mustelidae Martes fonia Beech or Stone Marten DD LC 40 Carnivora Mustelidae Vormela peregusna Marbled Polecat LC VU 41 Carnivora Mustelidae Mellivora capensis Ratel or Honey Badger CR LC 42 Pholidata Manidae Manis crassicaudata Indian Pangolin/Scaly VU EN Anteater 43 Artiod actyla Bovidae Ovis vignei blandfordi Gad or Afghan Urial VU VU 44 Artiodactyla Bovidae Capra aegagrus Sind Wild Goat or Sind NT VU Ibex 45 Artiodactyla Bovidae Capra aegagrus Chiltan Wild Goat or VU VU chialtanensis Chiltan Markhor 46 Artiodactyla Bo vidae Capra falconeri Suleman Markhor or VU NT megaceros Straight Horned Markhor 47 Artiodactyla Bovidae Gazella bennettii Chinkara or Indian VU LC Gazelle 48 Artiodactyla Bovidae Gazella subguttu rosa Goitered Gazelle CR VU 49 Artiodactyla Suidae Su s scrofa Indian Wild Boar L C LC 50 Lagomorpha Leporidae Lepus capensis Cape Hare VU LC 51 Lagomorpha Leporidae Lepus nigricollis Indian Hare or Desert LC LC Hare Ghalib et al . 4831

52 Lagomorpha Ochotonidae Ochotona rufescens Afghan or Collar e d Pika LC LC 53 Rodenti a Sciuridae Funambulus pennantii Northern Palm Squirrel LC LC 54 Rodentia Hystricidae Hystrix indica Indian Crested Porcupine NT LC 55 Rodentia Dipodidae Allactaga elater Small five - toed Jerboa LC LC 56 Rodentia Dipodidae Allactaga hotsoni Hoston’ s five - toed Jerboa LC LC 57 Rodentia Dipodidae Jaculus blandfordi Grete r Three - toed Jerboa LC LC or Blandford Jerboa 58 Rodentia Dipodidae Salpingotus michaelis Balochistan Pygmy LC DD Jerboa or Dwarf T hree - toed Jerboa 59 Rodentia Gliridae Dryomys ni tedula Forest Dormouse VU LC 60 Rodentia Muridae Apodemus rusiges Himalayan Wood Mouse VU LC or Field Mouse 61 Rodentia Muridae Millardia meltada Soft - furred Field Rat or LC LC Matad 62 Rodentia Muridae Millardia gleadowi Sand - coloured Rat LC LC 63 Rode ntia Muridae Rattus rattus Roof/ House Rat or Black LC LC Rat 64 Rodentia Muridae Rattus norvegicus Brown Rat or Sewer Rat LC LC or Norway Rat 65 Rodentia Muridae Mus saxicola Grey Spiny Mouse DD LC 66 Rodentia Muridae Mus musculus Little Indian Field Mouse LC LC 67 Rodentia Muridae Acomys cahirinus Cairo Spiny Mouse NT LC 68 Rodentia Muridae Golunda ellioti Indian Bush Rat LC LC 69 Rodentia Muridae Nesokia indica Short - tailed Mole Rat LC LC 70 Rodentia Muridae Calomyscus bailwar di Mouse - like Hamste r LC LC 71 Rodentia Muridae Cricteulus migratorius Little Grey Hamster LC LC 72 Rodentia Muridae Gerbillus nanus Balochistan Gerbil NT LC 73 Rodentia Muridae Gerbillus cheesmani Cheesman’s Gerbil VU LC 74 Rodentia Muridae Tatera indica Indian Gerbil L C LC 75 Rodentia Muridae Meriones crassus Sundevall’s Jird NT LC 76 Rodentia Muridae Meriones hurrianae Indian Desert Jird LC LC 77 Rodentia Muridae Meriones libycus Libyan Jird LC LC 78 Rodentia Muridae Meriones persicus Persian Jird LC LC 79 Rodentia M uridae Rhombomys opimus Greater Gerbil NT LC 80 Rodentia Muridae Ellobius fuscocapillus Afghan/ Quetta Mole NT LC Vole 81 Cetacea Balaenopteridae Balaenoptera musculus Blue Whale EN EN 82 Cetacea Balaenopteridae Balaenoptera physalus Fin Whale EN VU 83 Cetacea Balaenopteridae Balaenoptera edeni Bryde’s Whale DD DD 84 Cetacea Balaenopteridae Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback Whale VU LC 85 Cetacea Kogiidae Kogia simus Dwarf Sperm Whale DD DD 86 Cetacea Phocoenidae Neophocaena Little I ndian Porpoise or DD VU phocaenoides Finless Porpoise 87 Cetacea Delphinidae Delphinus tropicalis Long - beaked Dolphin DD DD 88 Cetacea Delphinidae Sousa plumbea Indian Humpback DD EN Dolphin 89 Cetacea Delphinidae Peponocephala electra Melon - headed Whale DD LC 90 Cetacea Delphinidae Tursiops truncatu s Bottle - nosed Dolphin DD LC 91 Cetacea Delphinidae Stenella longirostris Spinner Dolphin DD LC 92 Cetacea Ziphiidae Ziphius cavirostris Cuvier’s - beaked Whale DD LC

Legend: CR= Critically Endangered, EN= Endangered, VU= Vulnerable, NT= Near - threatened, DD= Data Deficient, LC= Least Concern

4832 Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

Checklist of Birds of Balochistan and 71 F amilies have so far been re corded from As many as 373 s pecies of birds belonging to 2 2 Oders Balochistan (Table12 ) .

Table 12 . Check list of B irds of Balochistan .

S. Order Family Scie ntific N ame Common N ame Status No. 1 Gaviiformes Gaviidae Gavia stellata Red - throated Diver V 2 Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps cris t atus Great Crested G rebe W V 3 Podicipediformes Podicipe didae Ta chybaptes ruficollis Little G rebe R 4 Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps nigricollis Bla ck - nacked G rebe WV 5 Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps auritus Salvonian G rebe WV 6 Procellariiformes Procellariidae Puffinud tenuirostris Sho rt - tailed Shear W ater V 7 Procellariiformes Procellariidae Puffinus persicus Persian - billed S hear W ater V 8 Procellariiformes Hydrobatidae Oceanites ocea n ites Wilson’s Strom P etrel YR V 9 Pelecaniformes Phaethontidae Phaethon aethereus Red - billed T ropic B ird WV 10 Pelecaniformes Sulidae Sula dactylatra Masked B ooby WV 11 Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax carbo Large C ormorant WV 12 Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax niger Little C ormorant R Phalacrocorax 13 Pelecaniformes Phalacrocora cidae Pygmy C ormorant V pygmaeus 14 Pelecaniformes Pel ecanidae Peleca nus onocrotalus White or Rosy P elican WV 15 Pelecaniformes Pel ecanidae Pelecanus crispus Dalmatian P elican WV 16 Pelecaniformes Pel ecanidae Pelecanus philippinus Spot - b illed P elican WV 17 Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Nycticorax nycticorax Night H eron R 18 Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ixobrychus m inutu s Little B ittern R 19 Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Buturoides striatus Little Green H eron R 20 Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardeola grayii P ond H eron R 21 Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Egretta gularis Indian Reef H eron R 22 Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Egretta garzetta Little E gret YR V 23 Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Egretta intermedia Smaller or Median E gret R 24 Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Casmerodius alba Grea t E gret WV 25 Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardea cinerea Grey H eron WV/PM 26 Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardea purpurea Purple H eron YR V 27 Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Mycteria leuc ocephala Painted S tork R 28 Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Ciconia nigra Black S tork WV 29 Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Ciconia ciconia White S tork WV 30 Ciconiiformes Threskiornithidae Plegadis falcinellus Glossy I bis WV 31 Ciconiiformes Threskiornithidae Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill WV 32 Ciconiiformes Phoenicopteridae Phoenicopterus roseus Flamingo WV 33 Anseriformes Anatidae Cygnus olor Mute S wan V 34 Anseriformes Anatidae Cygnus cygnus Whooper S wan V 35 Anseriformes Anatidae Anser anser Graylag G oose WV 36 Anseriformes Anatidae Ta dorna ferruginea Ruddy S helduck WV 37 Anseriformes A natidae Tadorna ta dorna Common S helduck WV 38 Anseriformes Anatidae Anas penelope Wigeon WV 39 Anseriformes Anatidae Anas strepera Gadwal WV 40 Anseriformes Anatidae Anas crecca Common T eal /Duck WV 41 Anseriformes Anatidae Anas platyhynchos Mallard WV 42 Anseriformes Anatidae Anas poecilorhyncha S potbill D uck SV 43 Anseriformes Anatidae Anas acuta Pintall WV 44 Anseriformes Anatidae Anas querquedul a Garganey DPM/ WV 45 Anseriformes Anatidae Anas clypeata Shoveller WV Marma ron etta 46 Anseriformes Anatidae Marbled T eal /Duck WV angustirostris Ghalib et al . 4833

47 Anseriformes Anatidae Netta rufina Red - crested P ochard WV 48 Anseriformes Anatidae Ayth y a ferina Common P ochard WV White - eyed P ochard or 49 Anseriformes Anatidae Ayth y a nyroca WV/PM Ferruginous D uck 50 Anserif ormes Anatidae Ayth y a fuligula Tufted D uck WV 51 Anseriformes Anatidae Cl angula hyemalis Longtail Duck or Old S quaw V 52 Anseriformes Anatidae Bucephalus clangula Golden - eyed D uck V 53 Anseriformes Anatidae Mergus albellus Smew WV Goosander or Common 54 Anseriformes Anati dae Mergus merganser WV M erganser 55 Anseriformes Anatidae Mergus serrator Red - breasted M erganser WV 56 Anseriformes Anatidae Oxyura leuco cephala White - headed Stiff - tailed D uck WV 57 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Elanus caeruleus Black Winged K ite R Accipitriformes Oriental /Crested Honey 58 Accipitridae Pernis ptilorhynchus M Buzzard 59 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Milvus migrans Black Kite R 60 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Haliastur i ndus Brahminy Kite R 61 Accipitriformes Acc ipitridae Haliaeetus albicilla White - tailed Sea Eagle WV Accipitriformes Himalayan Beareded Vulture 62 Accipitridae Gypaetus barbatus WV or Lammergeier 63 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Gyps fulvus Indian Griffon Vulture R 64 Accipitriformes Accipitridae G yps bengalensis Indian White - backed Vulture R Accipitriformes Neophron 65 Accipitridae Egyptian Vulture R percnopterus 66 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Aegypius monachus Cinereous Vulture R 67 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Circaetus gallicus Short - toed E agle R 68 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Circus aeruginosus Eurasian Marsh Harrier WV 69 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier WV 70 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Circus macrourus Pale or Pallid Harrier WV Accipitriformes Eurasian/ Asiatic Sparrow - 71 Accipitridae Accipiter nisus WV Hawk 72 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Accipiter badius Central Asian Shikra SBV 73 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Butastur teesa White - eyed Buzzard SBV 74 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Buteo vulpinus Desert Buzzard WV 75 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Buteo rufinus Longlegged Buzzard WV 76 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Aquila rapax Tawny Eagle R 77 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Aquila nipalensis Steppe Eagle WV 78 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Aquila heliac a Imperial Eagle WV 79 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle WV 80 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonelli’s Eagle R 81 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle WV 82 Accipitriformes Pandi onidae Pandion haliaetus Osprey WV 83 Falconiformes Falconidae Falco tinnunculus Common Kestrel WV 84 Falconiformes Falconidae Falco subbu t e o Eurasian Hobby WV 85 Falconiformes Falconidae Falco columbarius M erlin WV 86 Falconiformes Falconidae Falco chicquera Red - headed M erlin R 87 Falconiformes Falconidae Falco concolor Sooty F alcon R 88 Falconiformes Falconidae Falco jugger Lagga r F alcon R 89 Falconiformes Falconidae Falco cherrug Saker or Cherrug F alcon WV 90 Falconiformes Falconidae Falco pere grinu s Peregrine F alcon WV Ammoperdix 91 Galliformes Phasianidae See - see P artridge R grise o gularis 92 Galliformes Phasianidae Alectoris chukar Chukor R Francolinus 93 Galliformes Phasianidae Black P artridge R francolinus 4834 Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

Fra ncolinus 94 Galliformes Phasianidae Grey P atridge R pondicerianus 95 Galliformes Phasianidae Coturnix co turnix Grey Q uail M/PM Coturnix 96 Galliformes Phasianidae Black - breasted or Rain Q uail SBV coromande lica 97 Galliformes Rallidae Rallus aquaticus Water R ail WV 98 Galliformes Rallidae Porzana parva Little C rake WV 99 Galliformes Rallidae Porzana pusilla Baillon’s crake WV 100 Galliformes Rallidae Porzana porzana Spotted C rake WV Amaurornis 101 Galliformes Rallidae Whit - brested Water H en R phoenicurus 102 Galliformes Rallidae Porphyrio porphyrio Indian P urple Moorhen R 103 Galliformes Rallidae Gallinula chloropus Indian Moorhen R 104 Galliformes Rallidae Fulica atra Common Coot WV 105 Gruiformes Gruidae Grus grus Common Crane PM 106 Gruiformes Gruidae Grus leucogeranus Siberi an Crane M 107 Gruiformes Gruidae Grus virgo Dermoiselle Crane PM 108 Otidiformes Otididae Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard WV Chlamydotis 109 Otid iformes Otididae Houbara Bustard WV macqueenii 110 Otidiformes Otididae Sypheotides indica Leekh or Lesser F lorican SBV Hydrophasianus 111 Charadriiformes Jacanidae Pheasant - tailed J acana R chirurgus 112 Charadriiformes Rostratulidae Rostratula bengalensis Painted S nipe R Haematopus 113 Charadriiformes Haematopodidae Eurasian Oyster C atcher WV ostralegus Himantopus 114 Charadri iformes Recurvirostridae Indian Black - winged S tilt R himantopus 115 Charadriiformes Recurvirostridae Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet WV 116 Charadriiformes Dromadidae Dromas ar deola Crab P lover M 117 Charadriiformes Burhinidae Burhinus oedicnemu s Eurasian Thick - knee R 118 Charadriiformes Burhinidae Esacus recurv irostris Great Thick - knee R Cream Coloured or Desert 119 Charadriiformes Glareolidae Cursorius cursor R C ourser 120 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius dubius Little Ringed P lover W V/R 121 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius hiaticula Ringed P lover WV Charadrius 122 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Kentish P lover SBV alexandrinu s 123 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius mongolus Lesser Sand P lover WV Charadrius 124 Charadriiformes Charadriida e Large Sand P lover WV leschenaultii 125 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Pl u vialis squatarola Grey P lover WV 126 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Pluvialis apricaria Golden P lover V 127 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus indicus Red - wattled L apwing R 128 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus mal abaricus Yellow - watt led L apwing SBV 129 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Va nellus leucurus White tailed L apwing WV 130 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Va nellus gregarious Sociable L apwing WV 131 Charadriiformes Chara driidae Vanellus va nellus Lapwing or Green P lover WV 132 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris tenuirostris Great K not WV 133 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris canutus Red K not V 134 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris albus Sanderling WV 135 Charadr iiformes Scolopacidae Calidris minutus Little S tint WV 136 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidri s alpinu s Dunlun WV 137 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris ferruginea Curlew S andpiper WV 138 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Limicola fa lcinellus Broadbilled S andpiper WV Ghalib et al . 4835

139 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Philomachus pugnax Ruff PM 140 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Capella minima Jack S nipe WV 141 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Capella gallinago Common or Fantail S nipe WV 142 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Gallinago s olitaria Solitary S nipe R 143 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Scolopax rusticola Wood C ock V 144 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Limosa limosa Black - tailed G odwit WV 145 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Limosa lapponica Bar - tailed G odwit WV 146 Charadriiformes Scolopa cidae Numenius phaeopus Whimbre l WV 147 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Numenius arquata Eurasian Curlew WV 148 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa erythropus Spotted or Dusky Redshank WV 149 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa to tanus Common R edshank WV 150 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa stagnatilis Marsh S andpiper WV 151 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa nebularia Green S hank WV 152 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa ochrop us Green S andpiper WV 153 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa glareola Wood or Spotted S andpiper WV 154 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa terek Terek S andpiper WV 155 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa hypoleucos Common S andpiper WV 156 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Arenaria interpres Turnstone WV 157 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Phalaropu s lobatus Red - necked P halarope WV Stercorarius 158 Charadriiformes Stercorariidae Pomarine Jaegar WV pomarinus Stercorarius 159 Charadriiformes Stercorariidae Parasitic Jaegar WV parasiticus 160 Charadriiformes Laridae Larus hemprichii Sooty G ul l SV 161 Charadriiformes Laridae Larus ichthyaetus Great Black - headed G ull WV 162 Charadriiformes Laridae Larus ridibundus Black - headed G ull WV 163 Charadriiformes Laridae Larus brunnicephalus Brown - headed G ull WV 164 Charadriiformes Laridae Larus genei Sl ender - billed G ull R 165 Charadriiformes Laridae Larus argentatus Herring G ull WV 166 Charadriiformes Sternidae Gelochelidon nilotica Gullbilled T ern WV 167 Charadriiformes Sternidae Hydroprogne caspia Caspian T ern M Greater Crested T ern or Swift 168 Charadriiformes Sternidae Sterna berg ii M /YRV T ern 169 Charadriiformes Sternidae Sterna bengalensis Indian Lesser Crested T ern YRV 170 Charadriiformes Sternidae Sterna sandvicensis Sandwich T ern M /YRV 171 Charadriiformes Sternidae Sterna aurantia R iver T ern R 172 Charadriiformes Sternidae Sterna hirundo Common T ern SV 173 Charadriiformes Sternidae Sterna repressa White - chee ked T ern SV 174 Charadriiformes Sternidae Sterna anaethetus Bridled T ern SV 175 Charadriiformes Sternidae Sterna albifrons Little T ern R 176 Ch aradriiformes Sternidae Sterna saundersi Black Shafted T ernlet SBV 177 Charadriiformes Sternidae Childonias hybrid us Indian Whiskered T ern M/YR V 178 Charadriiformes Sternidae Anous stolidus Common or Brown n oddy V 179 Pterocliformes Pterocl id ae P terocles l ichtensteinii Close Barred S andgrouse R 180 Pterocliformes Pteroclidae Pterocles coronatus Crowned Sandgrouse R 181 Pterocliformes Pteroclidae Pterocles senegallus Spotted Sandgrouse WV Chestnut - bellied or Indian 182 Pterocliformes Pterocles exustus R Pteroclidae Sandgrouse Pteroclidae Imperial or Black - bellied 183 Pterocliformes Pterocles orientalis WV Sandgrouse 184 Pterocliformes Pteroclidae Pterocles alchata Pintailed Sandgrouse R 185 Columbiformes Columbidae Columb a livia Rock P igeon R 186 Columbifor mes Columbidae Columb a palumbus Wood P igeon R 187 Columbiformes Columbidae Streptopelia decaocto Ring D ove R/SBV 4836 Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

188 Columbiformes Columbidae Streptopelia turtur Western Turtle Dove V Streptopelia 189 Columbiformes Columbidae Little Brown or Senegal D ove R/SBV senegalensis 190 Psittaciformes Psittracidae Psittacula krameri Rose - ringed P arakeet R 191 Cuculiformes Cuculidae Cuculus conorus Asiatic Cuckoo PM/ SBV Phaenicophaeus 192 Cuculiformes Strigidae Sirkeer Malkoha R leschenaultia 193 Strigiformes Stri gidae Otus brucei Striated or P allid Scops O wl WV 194 Strigiformes Strigidae Otus scops Eastern Scops O wl WV Indian Great Horned or Eagle 195 Strigiformes Strigidae Bubo bubo R O wl 196 Strigiformes Strigidae Ketupa zeylonesis Indian Brown Fish O wl WV 197 S trigiformes Strigidae Athene noctua Little O wlet R 198 Strigiformes Strigidae Athene brama Northern Spotted O wlet R 199 Strigiformes Strigidae Strix aluco Tawny O wl WV 200 Strigiformes Strigidae Strix butleri Hume’s wood O wl R 201 Strigiformes Strigidae As io otus Longeared O wl WV 202 Strigiformes Strigidae Asio flammeus Shorteared O wl WV Caprimulgus SBV/ 203 Caprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Hume’s or European N ightjar europaeus WV/PM Caprimulgus 204 Caprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Syke’s or S i nd N ightjar R mahrattensis 205 Caprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Caprimulgus aegypius Egyptian N ightjar SBV 206 Apodiformes Apodidae Apus apus Common S wift SBV 207 Apodiformes Apodidae Apus melba Indian Alpine S wift SBV 208 Apodiformes Apodidae Apus pallidus Pallid S wif t WV 209 Apodiformes Apodidae Apus affinis House swift SBV 210 Coraciiformes Alcedinidae Ceryle rudis Indian Pied kingfish er R R/WV/ 211 Coraciiformes Alcedinidae Alcedo atthis Indian Small Blue K ingfisher SBV 212 Coraciiformes Alcedinidae Halcyon smyr n en sis White - breasted K ingfisher R 213 Coraciiformes Meropidae Merops superciliousus Blue - cheeked B ee - eater SBV 214 Coraciiformes Meropidae Merops orientails Sind Small Green B ee - eater SBV 215 Coraciiformes Meropidae Merops apiaster European B ee - eater SBV 216 Coraciiformes Coraciidae Coracias garrul us Kashmir R oller PM 217 Coraciiformes Coraciidae Coracias benghalensis Roller or Blue J ay R 218 Coraciiformes Upupidae Upupa epops Hoopoe SBV Scaly - bellied Green 219 Piciformes Picidae Picus squamatus R W oodpeck er 220 Piciformes Picidae Jynx torquilla European W ryneck PM 221 Piciformes Picidae Dinopium auriceps Brown Fronted W oodpecker R 222 Piciformes Picidae Picoides assimillis Sind P ied W oodpecker R 223 Passeriformes Alaudidae E remopterix grisea Ashy - cr owned Finch L ark R 224 Passeriformes Alaudidae Eremopterix nigriceps Black - crowked Finch L ark R 225 Passeriformes Alaudidae Ammomanes deserti India n Desert Finch L ark R 226 Passeriformes Alaudidae Ammomanes cinturus Bartailed Desert L ark R Hoopoe Lark or Bifasciated 227 Passeriformes Alaudidae Alaemon alaudipes R L ark Melanocorypha 228 Passeriformes Alaudidae Calandra L ark WV bimaculata Calandrella 229 Passeriformes Alaudidae Great Shorttoed L ark WV brachydactyla Calandrella 230 Passeriformes Alaudidae Hume’s S hort - toed L ark SBV acuti rostris 231 Passeriformes Alaudidae Calandrella rufescens Lesser S hort - toed L ark WV Ghalib et al . 4837

232 Passeriformes Alaudidae Calandrella raytal Indus Sand L ark R 233 Passeriformes Alaudidae Galerida cristata Crested L ark R 234 Passeriformes Alaudidae Alauda arvensis Common S kylark WV 235 Passeriformes Alaudidae Alauda gulgula Oriental Small S kylark R 236 Passeriformes Hirundinidae Riparia riparia Collar e d Sand M artin WV Grey Throated Indian Sand 237 Passeriformes Hirundinidae Riparia paludicola R M artin / Plain M artin 238 Passeriformes Hirundinidae Ptyonoprogne fuligula Rock Martin R 239 Passeriformes Hirundinidae Hirundo rupestris Eurasian Crag M artin SBV 240 Passeriformes Hirundinidae Hirundo smithi Wire - tailed S wallow R 241 Passeriformes Hiru ndinidae Hirundo rustica Barn S wallow WV Cliff swallow / Sreake - throated 242 Passeriformes Hirundinidae Hirundo fluvicola R Swallow 243 Passeriformes Hirundinidae Hirundo daurica Red - rumped S wallow WV 244 Passeriformes Motacillidae Anthus rufulus Paddyf ield P ipit R 245 Passeriformes Motacillidae Anthus sylvanus Upland P ip it R 246 Passeriformes Motacillidae Anthus campestris Tawny P ip it WV 247 Passeriformes Motacillidae Anthus similis Long - billed Rock P ipit R 248 Passeriformes Motacillidae A n thus spinoletta Wa ter P ipit WV 249 Passeriformes Motacillidae Anthus trivialis Tree P ipit PM 250 Passeriformes Motacillidae Motacilla flava Yellow W agtail PM 251 Passeriformes Motacillidae Motacilla citreola Yellow - headed /Citrine W agtail R 252 Passeriformes Motacillidae Mota cilla cinerea Grey W agtail SBV 253 Passeriformes Motacillidae Motacilla alba White or Pied W agtail WV Tep hrodornis 254 Passeriformes Campephagidae Sin d Wood S hrike R pondicerianus Pericrocotus West Himalayan Long - tailed 255 Passeriformes Campephagidae WV ethologus M inivet Pericrocotus 256 Passeriformes Campephagidae Sind Small M inivet R cinnamomeus Pycnonotus 257 Passeriformes Pycno notidae White - eared B ulbul R leucogenys 258 Passeriformes Pyc n onotidae Pycnonotus cafer Read - vented B ulbul R Grey Hypocolli u s or Shrike 259 Passeriform es Bombycillidae Hypocol i u s ampelinus WV B ulbul 260 Passeriformes Bombycillidae Bombycilla garrulous Waxwi ng V Troglodytes 261 Passeriformes Troglodytidae Winter Wren R troglodytes 262 Passeriformes Prun ellidae Prunella ocula ris Radde’s or A ccentor V 263 Passeriformes Prun ellidae Prunella atrogularis Black - throa ted A ccentor WV Cercotrichas 264 Passeriformes Turdidae Ru fous - tailed Scrub R obin SBV galacototes Luscinia 265 Passeriformes Turdidae Common Nightingale V megarhyncho s 266 Passeriformes Turdidae Luscinia svecica Blu e throat WV Phoenicurus 267 Passeriformes Turdidae Red - backed R edstart WV erythronotus 268 Passeriformes Turdidae Phoenicurus ochruros Black R edstart SBV Phoenicurus 269 Passeriformes Turdidae Common R edstart PM phoenicurus Collared Indian Bushchat 270 Passeriformes Turdidae Saxicola torquata PM/ SBV Stone chat 271 Passeriformes Turdidae Saxicola caprata Pied Bush chat R/SBV 272 Passeriformes Turdidae Oenanthe isabellina Isabelline W heatear WV/ SBV 273 Passeriformes Turdidae Oenanthe o enanthe Northern W heatear PM 4838 Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

274 Passeriformes Turdidae Oenanthe pleschanka Pied W heatear PM 275 Passeriformes Turdidae Oenanthe deserti Desert W heatear WV 276 Passeriformes Turdidae Oenanthe finschii Finsch ’s W heatear WV/R Oenanthe 277 Passerifo rmes Turdidae Rufous - tailed W heatear WV/ SBV xanthoprymna 278 Passeriformes Turdidae Oenanthe picata Variable W heatear PM 279 Passeriformes Turdidae Oenanthe monacha Hooded C ha t/ W heatear WV 280 Passeriformes Turdidae Oenanthe alboniger Hume’s C ha t or W heatear R Chaimarrornis 281 Passeriformes Turdidae White - capped R edstart WV leucocephalus 282 Passeriformes Turdidae Saxicoloides fulicata Indian R obin R 283 Passeriformes Turdidae Monticola saxatilis Rock T hrush PM 284 Passeriformes Turdidae Monti cola salitarius Blue Rock T hrush WV 285 Passeriformes Turdidae Myophonus caerulu s Blue Whistling T hrush SBV 286 Passeriformes Turdidae Turdus unicolor Tickell’s T rush WV 287 Passeriformes Turdidae Turdus ruficollis Black - throated T hrush WV 288 Passeriforme s Turdidae Turdus philomelos Song T hrush V 289 Passeriformes Turdidae Turdus viscivorus Mistle T hrush R 290 Passeriformes Sylviidae Cettia cetti Cetti ’ s Bush W arbler WV 291 Passeriformes Sylviidae Prinia buchanani Rufous - fronted Wren W arbler R 292 Passerifo rmes Sylviidae Prinia criniger Brown Hill W arbler R 293 Passeriformes Sylviidae Scotocer c a inquieta Streaked Hill W arbler R Acrocephalus 294 Passeriformes Sylviidae Moustached W arbler WV melanopogon Acrocephalus 295 Passeriformes Sylviidae Eur asian Reed Warbler R scir p a ceus 296 Passeriformes Sylviidae Acrocephalus agricola Paddy Field W arbler PM Acrocephalus 297 Passeriformes Sylviidae Blyth’s Reed W arb l er DPM dumetorum Acroephalus 298 Passeriformes Sylviidae Clamo rous Reed W arbler R stentoreus Acrocephalus 299 Passerif ormes Sylviidae Great Reed W arbler V arundinaceus Passeriformes Sylviidae Hippolais caligata Boote d Tree W arbler WV/ SBV 300 Passeriformes Sylviidae Hippolais launguida Upcher’s W arbler SBV 301 Passeriformes Sylviidae Sylvia mystacea Mene tries W arbler SBV 302 Passeriformes Sylviidae Sylvia nana Desert W arbler WV 303 Passeriformes Sylviidae Sylvia hortensis Orphean W arbler PM/ SBV 304 Passeriformes Sylviidae Sylvia curruca Lesser White - t hroat WV/ SBV 305 Passeriformes Sylviidae Sylvia commun is Common White - throat PM 306 Passeriformes Sylviidae Phylloscopus nitidus Green W arbler PM Phylloscopus 307 Passeriformes Sylviidae Olivaceon u s Leaf W arbler SBV griseolu s Phylloscopus 308 Passeriformes Sylviidae Plain Leaf W arbler SBV neglectus 309 Passe riformes Muscicapidae Muscicapa striata Spotted F lycatcher PM/SBV 310 Passeriformes Muscicapidae Ficedula parva Red - breasted F lycatcher PM 311 Passeriformes Monarchidae Terpsiphone paradisi Asian Paradise F lycatcher PM 312 Passeriformes Timaliidae Tur do i d es caudatus Common B abbler R Streaked or Himalayan 313 Passeriformes Timaliidae Garrulax lineatus R L aughing Thrush 314 Passeriformes Aegithalidae Aegithalos leucogenys White - cheeked Bushtit R Periparus 315 Passeriformes Paridae Rufous - naped T it R rufonuchalis 316 Passeriformes Paridae Parus major Great T it R Ghalib et al . 4839

317 Passeriformes Sittidae Sitta cashmirensis Kashmir N uthatch R 318 Passeriformes Sittidae Sitta tephronota Eastern Rock N uthatch R Himalayan / Bar - tailed 319 Passeriformes Certhiidae Certhia himalayan a R Treecreeper 320 Passeriformes Oriolidae Oriolus oriolus Golden O riole PM/ SBV Rufous - tailed or I sabelline 321 Passeriformes Lani i dae Lanius isabellin us SBV S hrike 322 Passeriformes Laniidae Lanius excubitor Great Grey S hrike V 323 Passeriformes Laniidae Lanius vittatus Bay - backed S hrike R Laniidae Red - backed / Longtailed 324 Passeriformes Lanius collurio PM S hrike 325 Passeriformes Laniidae Lanius schach Rufous - backed S hrike R 326 Passeriformes Laniidae Lanius maridionalis Southern Grey Shrike V 327 Passeriformes Dicruidae Dicrurus adsimilis Black Drongo R 328 Passeriformes Corvidae Garrulus lanceolatus Black - headed J ay R Dendrocitta 329 Passeriformes Corvidae Rufous Tree P ie R vagabunda 330 Passeriformes Corvidae Pica pica Eurasian Magp ie R Nucifraga 331 Passeriformes Corvidae Nutcracker R caryocatactes 332 Passeriformes Corvidae Pyrrhocorax graculus Alpine C hough R Pyrrhocorax 333 Passeriformes Corvidae Red - billed C hough R pyrrhocorax 334 Passeriformes Corvidae Corvus monedula Western Jackdaw W V 335 Passeriformes Corvidae Corvus splendens Indian House C row R 336 Passeriformes Corvidae Corvus frugilegus Rook WV 337 Passeriformes Corvidae Corvus corone Carrion C row WV 338 Passeriformes Corvidae Corvus corax Common Raven R 339 Passeriformes Corvidae Corvus ruficollis Brown - necked R aven WV 340 Passeriformes Sturnidae Sturnus roseus Rosy S tarling or Rosy P astor PM 341 Passeriformes Sturnidae Acridotheres tristis Indian M yna R Acridotheres 342 Passeriformes Sturnidae Bank M yna R ginginianus 343 Passerif ormes Sturnidae Passer domesticus House S parrow R 344 Passeriformes Passeridae Passer hispaniolensis Spanish S parrow WV 345 Passeriformes Passeridae Passer moabiticus Dead Sea S parrow WV 346 Passeriformes Passeridae Passer montanus Eurasi an Tree S parrow R 347 Passeriformes Passeridae Petronia xanthocollis Yellow - throated S parrow V 348 Passeriformes Passeridae Petronia petronia Rock S parrow WV 349 Passeriformes Ploceidae Ploceus manyar Streaked Weaver B ird V 350 Passeriformes Estrildidae Estri i da amandav a Red M unia or Red A vada va t SBV 351 Passeriformes Estrildidae Lonchura malabarica Indian S ilver bill R 352 Passeriformes Fringillidae Fringilla coelebs Common Chaffinch WV Fringilla 353 Passeriformes Fringillidae Brambling WV montifringilla 354 Passeriform es Fringillidae Serinus pusillus Gold - fronted F inch V 355 Passeriformes Fringillidae Carduelus carduelus Eurasian Gold F inch R 356 Passeriformes Fringillidae Carduelus cannabina Eurasian Linnet WV 357 Passeriformes Fringillidae Rhodospiza obsoleta Desert F inch R 358 Passeriformes Fringillidae Bucanetes mongo licus Mongolian F inch WV 359 Passeriformes Fringillidae Bucanetes githaginea Trumpeter F inch R Carpodacus 360 Passeriformes Fringillidae Common Rose f inch SBV erythrinus Carpodacus 361 Passeriformes Fringillidae Red - mantled R osefinch R rhodochlamys 4840 Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

362 Passeriformes Fringillidae Mycerobas carnipes White winged G ros beak R Coccothraustes 363 Passeriformes Fringillidae Hawfinch SB V cocc othraustes Emberiza 364 Passeriformes Emberizidae Pine B unting WV leucocephalus 365 Passeriformes Emberizidae Emberiza stewarti White - capped B unting SBV 366 Passeriformes Emberizidae Emberiza cia Rock B unting WV 367 Passeriformes Emberizidae Emberiza striolata Striped or House B unting R 368 Passeriformes Emberizidae Emberiza buchanani Grey - necked B unting WV 369 Passeriformes Emberizidae Emberiza aureola Yellowbreasted B unting V 370 Passeriformes Emberizidae Emberiza schoeniclus Reed B unting WV Emberiza 371 Passeriformes Emberizidae Black - headed B unting PM melanocephala 372 Pas seriformes Emberizidae Emberiza bruniceps Red - headed B unting PM 373 Passeriformes Emberizidae Emberiza hortulana Ortolan Bunting V

Legend: R= Resident, WV= Winter Visitor, M= Migratory, PM= Passage Migrant, V= Vagrant, SBV= Summer Breeding Visitor, SV= Summer Vis itor, YRV= Year - Round Visitor, NBR=Non - Breeding Visitor, DPM= Double Passage Migrant

Checklist of Reptiles turtles, one species of Central Asian Tortoise, one species The rept ilian fauna is quite rich as 120 species have been of Marsh Crocodile, one species each of Leaf Nosed recorded so far belo nging to four Orders, two Sub orders Viper, Persian Horned Viper and Astola saw - scaled Viper and 16 F amilies (Tab le 13). Th e important species include (Table 13). five species of marine turtles, two species of freshwater

Table 13 . Checklist of R eptiles of Balochistan .

S. No. Order Sub o rder Family Scientific Name Common Name Status 1 Chelonia Cryptodira Cheloniidae Eretmochelys Pacific Hawksbill Turtle CR imbricata 2 Chelonia Cryptodira Cheloniidae C helonia mydas Indian Ocean Green Turtle EN 3 Chelonia Cryptodira Cheloniidae Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle VU 4 Chelonia Cryptodira Chelonidae Dermochelys Leatherback Turtle VU coriacea 5 Chelonia Cryptodira Chelonidae Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridl ey Turtle VU 6 Testudines Cryptodira Testudinidae Aspideretes Indian Softshell Turtle VU gangeticus 7 Testudines Cryptodira Testudinidae Lissemys punctata Indian Flatshell Turtle LC 8 Testudines Cryptodira Testudinidae Testudo horsfieldii Central Asian Tor toise VU 9 Cr o codilia Sauria Crocodylidae Crocodylus palustris Marsh/Mugger Cr o codile VU 10 Squamata Sauria Agamidae Calotes minor Small Ground Agama DD 11 Squamata Sauria Agamidae Calotes versicolor Indian Garden Lizard NE 12 Squamata Sauria Agamidae Lauda kia caucasia Caucasian Agama NE 13 Squamata Sauria Agamidae Laudakia fusca Asian Rock Agama NE 14 Squamata Sauria Agamidae Laudakia melanura Black Agama NE 15 Squamata Sauria Agamidae Laudakia nupta Large Scaled Rock Agama NE 16 Squamata Sauria Agamidae Phryn ocephalus Clark’s Toad Headed NE clarkorum Agama 17 Squamata Sauria Agamidae Phrynocephalus Beautiful Toad Headed LC euptilopus Agama 18 Squamata Sauria Agamidae Phrynocephalus Yellow - speckled Toad - LC luteoguttatus headed Agama 19 Squamata Sauria Agamidae Ph rynocephalus Spotted Toad - headed NE maculatus Agama 20 Squamata Sauria Agamidae Phrynocephalus Ornate Toad - headed NE ornates Agama Ghalib et al . 4841

21 Squamata Sauria Agamidae Phrynocephalus Gray Toad - headed Agama NE scutellatus 22 Squamata Sauria Agamidae Trapelus agilis Bri lliant Ground Agama NE 23 Squamata Sauria Agamidae Trapelus megalonyx Afghan Ground Agama NE 24 Squamata Sauria Agamidae Trapelus ruderatus Horny - scaled Agama LC 25 Squamata Sauria Agamidae Trapelus rubrigularis Red - throated Agama NE 26 Squamata Sauria Eubleph aridae Eublepharis Indian Leopard Gecko LC macularius 27 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Agamura persica Persian Spider Gecko LC 28 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Bunopus tuberculatus Bloch Rock Gecko LC 29 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Crossobamon Lumsdeni Geck o NE lumsdeni 30 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Crossobamon Whip - tailed Sand Gecko NE maynardi 31 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Crossobamon Sind Gecko NE orientalis 32 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Cyrtopodion Makran Spider Gecko LC agamuroides 33 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Cyr topodion Warty Rock Gecko NE kachhensis 34 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Cyrtopodion Salt Range Rock Gecko NE montiumsalsorum 35 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Cyrtopodion scabrum Keeled Rock Gecko LC 36 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Cyrtopodion watsoni Pakistani thi n - toed Gecko NE 37 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Hemidactylus brookii Spotted Indian House NE Gecko 38 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Hemidactylus Yellow Belly Gecko NE flaviviridis 39 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Hemidactylus Bark/Leschenault , s Leaf - NE leschenaultii toe d Gecko 40 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Hemidactylus Persian Gecko NE persicus 41 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Ptyodactylus Fan - fingered Gecko NE homolepis 42 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Rhinogecko femoralis Sharp - tailed/ Kharan Spider NE Gecko 43 Squamata Sauri a Gekkonidae Rhinogecko misonnei Misonne’s Spider Gecko LC 44 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Teratoscincus Small - scaled Wonder NE microlepis Gecko 45 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Teratoscincus scincus Frog - eyed Gecko NE 46 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Microgecko Low - lying/ Dwarf Gecko LC depr essus 47 Squamata Sauria Gekkonidae Microgecko persicus Persian Sand Gecko NE 48 Squamata Sauria Lacertidae Acanthodactylus Mekran Fringe - fingered NE blanfordii Lizard 49 Squamata Sauria Lacertidae Acanthodactylus Indian Fri nge - fingered NE cantoris Lizard 50 Squamata Sauria Lacertidae Acanthodactylus Yellowtail Fringe - fingered NE micropholis Lizard 51 Squamata Sauria Lacertidae Eremias acutirostris Point - snout Racerunner LC 52 Squamata Sauria Lacertidae Eremias aporosceles Chagai Short - nosed Desert NE Lacerta

53 Squamata Sauria Lacertidae Eremias fasciata Yellow - headed Desert NE Lacerta 4842 Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

54 Squamata Sauria Lacertidae Eremias persica Persian Racerunner NE 55 Squamata Sauria Lacertidae Eremias scripta Sand Racerunner LC 56 Squamata Sauria Lac ertidae Mesalina brevirostris Short - nosed Desert Lacerta LC 57 Squamata Sauria Lacertidae Mesalina watsonana Persian Long - tailed Desert NE Lacerta 58 Squamata Sauria Lacertidae Ophisops jerdonii Snake - Eyed Lacerta LC 59 Squamata Sauria Scincidae Ablepharus gr ayanus Minor Snake - eye Skink NE 60 Squamata Sauria Scincidae Ablepharus Asian Snake - eye Skink NE pannonicus 61 Squamata Sauria Scincidae Chalcides ocellatus Ocellated Skink NE 62 Squamata Sauria Scincidae Eurylepis taeniolata Alpine Punjab Skink NE 63 Squamata Sauria Scincidae Mabuya macularia Bronze Grass Skink NE 64 Squamata Sauria Scincidae Eumeces blythianus Blyth’s Skink NE 65 Squamata Sauria Scincidae Eumeces schneiderii Schneider’s Skink NE 66 Squamata Sauria Scincidae Ophiomorus Makran Sand Swimm er NE blanfordi 67 Squamata Sauria Scincidae Ophiomorus brevipes Short - legged Snake Skink NE 68 Squamata Sauria Scincidae Ophiomorus raithmai Three - fingered Sand - LC fish/Indian Sand Swimmer 69 Squamata Sauria Scincidae Ophiomorus Three - toed Skink NE tridactylus 70 Squam ata Sauria Uromastycidae Saara asmussi Bloch Spiny - tailed Lizard NE 71 Squamata Sauria Uromastycidae Saara hardwickii Indian Spiny - tailed Lizard NE 72 Squamata Sauria Varanidae Varanus bengalensis Indian Monitor LC 73 Squamata Sauria Varanidae Varanus griseu s Desert Monitor NE 74 Squamata Serpentes Leptotyphlopidae Myriopholis Sindh Thread Snake NE blanfordii 75 Squamata Serpentes Leptotyphlopidae Myriopholis Long - nosed Worm Snake NE macrorhyncha 76 Squamata Serpentes Boidae Eryx johnii Indian or Red Sand Boa NE 77 Squamata Serpentes Boidae Eryx tataricus Tartar Sand Boa NE 78 Squamata Serpentes Boidae Gongylophis conicus Rough - scaled Sand Boa NE 79 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Bogia melanocephala Dark headed Gamma or Cat NE Snake 80 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae C oluber karelini Spotted or Banded Desert NE Racer 81 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Hemorrhois Spotted Whip Snake LC ravergieri 82 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Lycodon aulicus Indian Wolf Snake NE 83 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Lycodon striatus Northern or Barred Wolf NE Snake 84 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Lytorhynchus Maynrd’s Longnose Sand LC maynardi Snake 85 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Lytorhynchus Derafshi Snake LC ridgewayi 86 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Lytorhynchus Sind Long - nosed Sand NE paradoxus Snake 87 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Oligodon taeniolatus Streaked Kukri Snake LC 88 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Platyceps Jan’s Cliff Racer NE rhodorachis 89 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Platyceps Glossy - bellied Racer NE ventromaculatus

90 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Psammophis Steppe Ribbon Racer NE lineolatus Ghalib et al . 4843

91 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Pseudocyclopis Dark headed Dwarf Racer NE persica 92 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Ptyas mucosa Dhaman or Indian Rate NE Snake 93 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Spalerosophis Diadem/ Royal Snake NE diadema 94 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Spalerosophis Persian Diadam or King NE schirazianus Snake 95 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Spalerosophis Red - spotted Diadem Snake NE arenarius 96 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Sp alerosophis Black - headed Royal Snake NE atriceps 97 Squamata Serpentes Colubridae Xenochrophis Asiatic Water Snake NE piscator 98 Squamata Serpentes Lamprophiidae Psammophis schokari Schokari Sand Racer NE 99 Squamata Serpentes Lamprophiidae Psammophis leithi i Pakistan Sand Racer NE 100 Squamata Serpentes Lamprophiidae Psammophis Steppe Ribbon Racer NE lineolatus 101 Squamata Serpentes Elapidae Bungarus caeruleus Indian or Common Krait NE 102 Squamata Serpentes Elapidae Naja naja Black Cobra NE 103 Squamata Serpentes Elapidae Naja oxiana Oxus Cobra or Russian DD Cobra 104 Squamata Serpentes Elapidae Hydrophis stokesii Stake’s or Big - headed Sea LC Snake 105 Squamata Serpentes Elapidae Enhydrina schistose Beaked Sea Snake NE 106 Squamata Serpentes Elapidae Hydrophis Annulated Sea Snake LC cyanocinc tus 107 Squamata Serpentes Elapidae Hydrophis fasciatus Striped Sea Snake LC 108 Squamata Serpentes Elapidae Hydrophis Arabian/ Persian Gulf Sea LC lapemoides Snake 109 Squamata Serpentes Elapidae Hydrophis ornatus Ornate Reef Sea Snake L C 110 Squamata Serpentes Elapidae Hydrophis spiralis Yellow Sea Snake LC 111 Squamata Serpentes Elapidae Hydrophiss curtus Short / Pygmy Sea Snake LC 112 Squamata Serpentes Elapidae Microcephalophis Graceful Small - headed Sea LC gracilis Snake 113 Squamata Serpent es Elapidae Pelamis platurus Yellow - bellied Sea Snake LC 114 Squamata Serpentes Elapidae Praescutata viperinus Viperine Sea Snake LC 115 Squamata Serpentes Viperidae Daboia russelii Russel’s Viper NE 116 Squamata Serpentes Viperidae Echis carinatus Transcaspian or Multiscale NE Saw Scaled Viper 117 Squamata Serpentes Viperidae Echis carinatus Astola Saw Scaled Viper NE astolae 118 Squamata Serpentes Viperidae Eristicophis McMahon’s/ Leaf - nosed NE macmahon Viper 119 Squamata Serpentes Viperidae Pseudocerastes Persian Horned Viper LC persicus 120 Squamata Serpentes Viperidae Macrovipera lebetina Lavantine Blunt - nosed NE Viper

Legend: CR= Critically Endangered, EN= Endangered, VU= Vulnerable, Nt= Near - threatened, LC= Least Concern, DD= Data Deficient, NE= Not Evaluated

Checklist of Amphibians of Balochistan recorded from Balochistan belonging to one Order and As many as seven species of amphibians have so far been two families (Table 14). 4844 Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

Table 14 . Checklist of A mphibians of Balochistan .

S. No. Order Family Scienti fic Name Common Name Status 1 Anura Bufonidae Duttaphrynus stomaticus Indus Toad L east C oncern 2 Anura Bufonidae Duttaphrynus olivaceus Olive Toad LC 3 Anura Bufonidae Bufotes surdus Iranian Toad LC 4 Anura Bufonidae Bufotes zugmayeri Baloch Toad LC 5 Anura Dicroglossidae Chrysopaa sternosignata Balochistan Karez Frog LC 6 Anura Dicroglossidae Euphly ctis cyanophlyctis Skittering Frog LC 7 Anura Dicroglossidae Euphlyctis hexadactylus Green Pond Frog LC

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