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Grasse River Study Area Phase 1A Archaeological

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Grasse River Study Area Phase 1A Archaeological I I REMEDIAL OPTIONS PILOT STUDY (ROPS) GRASSE RIVER STUDY AREA I TOWN OF MASSENA SAINT LAWRENCE COUNTY, NEW YORK I I PHASE IA ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Prepared For: ! Blasland, Bouck & Lee, Inc. ! Syracuse, New York Alcoa, Inc. I Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania I I Prepared By: The Louis Berger Group, Inc. I East Orange, New Jersey I May 2005 I I I I i I REMEDIAL OPTIONS PILOT STUDY (ROPS) GRASSE RIVER STUDY AREA I I TOWN OF MASSENA SAINT LAWRENCE COUNTY, NEW YORK I PHASE IA ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT i Prepared For: Blasland, Bouck & Lee, Inc. i Syracuse, New York ALCOA, Inc. ! Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania I Prepared By: I The Louis Berger Group, Inc. I East Orange, New Jersey I May 2005 I I I TABLE OF CONTENTS I Page LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................... ii LIST OF PLATES ............................................................ iii I LIST OF TABLES ........................................................... iii I I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1 H. PROJECT SETTING ................................................... 7 I A. Project Location .................................................... 7 B. Geography and Geology ............................................... 7 I III. PREHISTORIC CONTEXT ............................................. 13 I IV. HISTORIC CONTEXT ................................................. 15 V. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL ........................... 18 i A. Archaeological Assessments Previously Conducted in the Project Area and Vicinity ................................................ ........ 18 B. Previously Documented Archaeological Sites Within the Project Area I and Vicinity ........................................................ 18 C. Project Area Archaeological Potential .................................... 21 1. Cartographic Resources ........................................... 21 I 2. Prior Remediation Activities in the APE ...............................34 3. Areas of Archaeological Resource Potential ............................ 34 I VI. RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................ 35 I VII. REFERENCES CITED ................................................. 36 APPENDIX A: Resumes of Key Personnel I I I I I May 2005 ! LIST OF FIGURES Page Overview of the Land-Based Activity Areas for the Alcoa ROPS Project .............. 2 ! Aerial View of the Land-Based Activity Areas for the Alcoa ROPS Project ............ 3 ! Remedial Options Pilot Study (ROPS) Plans ................................... 4 Support Area Layout ..................................................... 5 I 4. Soils within the Vicinity of the Project Area ....................................12 I 5. Historic Photograph of the Massena Power House circa 1902-1912 .................. 16 6. Historic Photograph of the Massena Power House circa 1920 ...................... 17 ? l 7. Project area in the 18~ Century, as Recorded in 1932 ............................. 22 | 8. Project Area m 1802 ..................................................... 23 9. Project Area in 1858 ..................................................... 25 I 11. Project Area in 1865 ........................... ¯ .......................... 26 ! 12. Project Area in 1907 ..................................................... 27 13. Project Area in ca. 1920 .................................................. 28 I 14. Alcoa Facility in 1953 .................................................... 29 l 15. Project Area in 1962 30 16. Project Area m 1971 31 I 17. Project Area m 1975 32 i 18. Project Area in 1989. 33 ! I ! ! May 2005 I t LIST OF PLATES I Page Current Conditions of the Eastern End of the Staging and Transfer Area. View West ...... 8 I 2. Current Conditions of the Western End of the Staging and Transfer Area. View East ...... 8 I 3. Current Conditions of the Eastern End of the Processing and Support Area. View West ... 9 4. Current Conditions of the Eastern End of the Processing and Support Area. View Northwest.9 i 5. Current Conditions of the Northern End of the Processing and Support Area. View South .10 I I LIST OF TABLES Page I Recorded Archaeological Sites in the Project Vicinity .............................19 I i i | I I I I 111 May 2005 INTRODUCTION Alcoa Inc. (Alcoa), an aluminum manufacturing company, is planning to implement a Remedial Options Pilot Study (ROPS) within the lower Grasse River adjacent to the site of the 2,700-acre Alcoa facility in the Town of Massena, Saint Lawrence County, New York (Figures 1-3a). The Alcoa facility consists of three major production areas, including a Fabricating Plant, Ingot and Extrusion Plant, and a Smelting Plant. In September 1989, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued an Administrative Order for the Grasse River Study Area requiring sampling, analysis, and monitoring to understand the extent I of hazardous substances and evaluate potential remedial alternatives. As a result, Alcoa conducted numerous investigations throughout the Study Area to develop a comprehensive understanding of the nature and extent ofpolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Grasse River system. In addition, Alcoa carried out two projects i (dredging and capping pilot studies) to further understand the system and initially evaluate the effectiveness of potential remedial alternatives in the river. The 2005 ROPS represents the third project within the Study I Area. The current project entails implementing a ROPS developed by the landowner (Alcoa Inc.) in response to the ice jam-related scour event that occurred in the river in spring 2003 and to address a number of uncertainties I that had previously been identified in the evaluation of potential remedial options for addressing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Grasse River. The ROPS work, scheduled to commence in 2005, will include three main components: 1. dredging/capping in the main channel; 2. placement of an armored cap in the main channel; and 3. dredging/capping and thin-layer capping in the near shore areas. These three components will be supported via land-based activities that will be performed at the locations shown in Figures 3 and 3a. The land-based activities will include: staging equipment!materials at the Alcoa-owned property known as Outfall i 001; transport of the material via a dredge slurry transport pipeline, situated on the surface of the Alcoa facility; processing of the dredged material at the processing area located on the Alcoa plant facility near the on-site Secure Landfill (SLF) and disposal of dredged materials. It is the two areas of land-based activity that form the basis of this Phase IA cultural resource assessment. These two areas, the staging/transfer area and the processing/support areas form the proposed project’s area of potential effects (APE) following the guidelines set forth in 36 CFR 800.16(d). The portion of the ROPS conducted within the confines of the lower Grasse River has not been assessed for potential archaeological resources as the riverbed has been dredged over the last 100 years, thereby removing the river’s sediments with the potential to contain archaeological resources. This Phase IA archaeological resource assessment is required by the USEPA, as part of the ROPS program, to determine if the project’s APE holds the potential to contain significant historic properties (specifically, I archaeological resources). According to the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (NYSOPRHP), a Phase IA assessment is intended to gather information regarding the physical setting/environment of a particular project area as well as its cultural setting. ! This investigation was conducted in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (36 CFR 800). Work conformed to the Cultural Resource Standards Handbook prepared by the New York Archaeological Council Standards Committee; the New York State Environmental Quality Review Act I (SEQRA); and the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Archaeology and Historic Preservation. The investigation consisted of background research on the natural environment, prehistory, and historical development of the project area. Background research was conducted from April 11 through April 22, 2005, i and included examination of historical maps and texts, secondary histories, and relevant cultural resource studies. Historical resources were consulted at the following institutions: the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (NYSOPRHP); the New York State Library; the online resources of the I May2005 I I I i I I ! I I I I I I I I I I O_ --250 500 7~elers I FIGURE 1 : Ove~iew of the Land-Based SOURCE: USGS 7.5’ Series, Activity Areas for the Alcoa ROPS Project Massena, NY and Raque~e I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I lOO 200 SOURCE: Digital Orthophoto fr~n the I NYS Digital Orthoimagery Program. 2003. http..//www.nysgis.state.ny.us/ Activity Areas for the Alcoa ROPS Project 500 750 llO(~Oee I t I I I I I I I I I ! I I I TI I LEGEND: NOTES: I 600’ 1600’ GRAPHIC SCALE I GRASSE RIVER STUDY AREA I MASSENA, NEW YORK I I Remedial Options Pilot Study I (ROPS) Plans I FIGURE 3 I IO0 0 100 SCALE IN FEET Support Area Layout Alcoo Inc. Grosse River Massena, New York S EVENSON ENVIRONMENTAL C~) SERVICES, INC. FIGURE OAXe DRA~I BY: CHECKED BY: CAD RLE: SCALE: I Phase IA Archaeological Assessment BBL/Alcoa Inc., Remedial Options Pilot Study (ROPS), Massena, New York I Library of Congress (http://memory.loc.gov); and
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