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Vaccines Poses a Huge Challenge 28 20 Lessons from Ladakh’S Glacial Lake Outburst 30 21 Govt

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Vaccines Poses a Huge Challenge 28 20 Lessons from Ladakh’S Glacial Lake Outburst 30 21 Govt CONTENTS Sl. No. Topic Page No. 1 The ozone hole over Antarctica 1 2 Wetlands in India 2 3 List of Ramsar sites in India 6 4 India to launch its Deep Ocean Mission by October 12 5 A•G declines consent for contempt case against A. P. CM 14 What is a bulk drug park, and why does Himachal and Tamil Nadu 6 16 and other states want one? 7 GDP will be higher than forecast this year’ – Finance Ministry 17 8 Govt. forms panel to review TRP norms 18 9 Mission SAGAR II 19 10 Asteroid 16 Psyche 20 11 Pandemics to emerge more often: Report by IPBES 21 12 Pilot scheme on fortification of rice & its distribution through PDS 22 13 Body mass index of Indian among the lowest in 200 countries 22 14 UGC issues guidelines for reopening of colleges 23 15 Tele-Law 24 16 Brown Carbon ‘Tarballs’ 25 17 Finance panel warns of rising GST dues for States 26 18 Fortified Rice: long journey to distribute rice at govt. schools’ 27 19 Delivery of COVID-19 vaccines poses a huge challenge 28 20 Lessons from Ladakh’s glacial lake outburst 30 21 Govt. to govern OTT platforms 31 22 Great banyan tree of Telangana breathes afresh 32 23 EOS-01, India’s latest earth observation satellite launched 33 24 Sputnik V vaccine 92% effective: Russia 35 25 Kalvari class of submarines and its strategic significance 36 26 India makes progress in vaccination coverage 38 November 2020 [ii] Sl. No. Topic Page No. 27 India, ASEAN to expand trade 38 28 Ministry seeks feedback on draft social security rules 40 29 Mega trade bloc RCEP takes off 41 30 Development of extreme weather habitats by Army in Ladakh 42 31 The Guillain Barre Syndrome some Covid-19 patients develop 44 32 mRNA Vaccine 45 33 Study highlights online education woes 47 34 State of Indian Economy 48 35 Arunachal records best sex ratio, Manipur the worst 52 36 Oxford vaccine triggers robust immunity in elderly 52 37 Hepatitis C drugs shown to inhibit coronavirus enzyme 54 38 Children account for one in 9 cases: UNICEF 55 39 Willow Warbler sighted for the first time in country 56 COVID 19 Vaccines, How effective are they and when will they 40 57 be available Govt. sought FB data of 57,294 which is the second highest 41 59 globally: report 42 All India Time Use Survey 60 43 FPI inflows highest ever, over Rs 1.4 lakh crore in eight months 62 44 Open Acreage Licensing Policy 63 45 Guillain Barre Syndrome 64 46 Q2 GDP data which contracts 7.5%, major takeaways from it 65 Sustainable peatland management can prevent future pandemics: 47 67 Study 48 GDP contracts 7.5% in second quarter 70 49 Negative Yield Bonds 72 50 National Nutrition Mission – Niti Aayog report 74 51 Govt. to track COVID -19 vaccine reactions 75 52 National Agricultural Education Policy 77 53 CCI to Probe Google Pay 78 54 India set to launch Deep Ocean Mission 79 November 2020 [iii] Sl. No. Topic Page No. 55 Punjab and Haryana’s claim over Chandigarh 81 56 Global Conference on Criminal Finances and Cryptocurrencies 82 57 India to host G-20 Summit in 2023 83 India makes progress in vaccination coverage to prevent child 58 85 pneumonia and diarrhoea deaths 59 Mission Sagar - II 86 60 GRACE-FO Mission 88 61 ‘India to surpass 350 mn 5G connections by 2026 89 62 Monetary Policy Committee Meeting on December 4th 91 63 Farmers Agitation and the Demands 92 64 Corporate Houses and Commercial Banks 94 65 G20 Riyadh Summit 96 66 Civil War in Ethiopia 98 67 Time Use Survey (TUS): What, Why and How 100 68 Reintroduction of the Cheetah in India 101 69 Blue Economy 103 70 One Health Approach 105 71 Biofortification in India 106 72 Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and India 109 73 Hyperloop Transport Technology 111 74 15th Finance Commission: What is General and What is Unique 114 Messenger RNA(mRNA) Vaccines: Everything You Need to 75 116 Know 76 Elections In Myanmar 118 77 ISRO’s New Satellite 119 78 Why Not a Vaccine for Malaria? 121 79 Joe Biden, Iran Nuclear Deal and India 122 80 NRIs and Voting Rights and Methods 124 81 Municipal Bonds 125 82 Right to Marry and the Constitution of India 127 November 2020 [iv] The ozone hole over Antarctica Bottom line: The weather and temperature conditions both contribute to the hole in the ozone. The ozone hole over Antarctica on Oct. 6, 2020 According to the World Meteorological Organization, the ozone layer hole over Antarctica is one of the largest and deepest in the past 15 years. The hole peaked at 24 million square kilometres (approximately 9.3 million square miles). Large unusual hole The ozone hole over Antarctica usually starts to grow in August and reaches its peak in October. This year, it peaked at 24 million square kilometres (approximately 9.3 million square miles) and is now at 23 million square kilometres (approximately 8.9 million square miles), the WMO said. This means the hole is larger than the average for the past decade and extends over most of Antarctica. With the sunlight returning to the South Pole in the last weeks, satellites saw continued ozone depletion over the area. After the unusually small and short-lived ozone hole in 2019, which was driven by special meteorological conditions, we are registering a rather large one again this year, which confirms that we need to continue enforcing the Montreal Protocol banning emissions of ozone-depleting chemicals. Ozone Hole Creation Dynamics The ozone layer is important because it protects the earth from dangerous ultraviolet radiation. In the late 20th century, that layer was damaged by the human release of ozone-depleting halocarbons, which the Montreal Protocol of 1987 sought to control. But the size of the ozone hole every year is also impacted by specific weather conditions. This year, a strong polar vortex has chilled the air above Antarctica, and consistently cold air creates the ideal conditions for ozone depletion. The air has been below minus 78 degrees Celsius, and this is the temperature which you need to form stratospheric clouds — and this quite complex process. The ice in these clouds triggers a reaction which then can destroy the ozone zone. So, it's because of that we are seeing the big ozone hole this year. Specifically, the ice can turn nonreactive chemicals into reactive ones, the WMO explained. Light from the sun then triggers chemical reactions that deplete the ozone layer. 1 Role of Weather The Montreal Protocol has been hailed as an example of effective international collaboration on a major environmental problem. Last year's hole over Antarctica was the smallest it has been since the hole was discovered, but this was due to unusual weather, not emissions reductions. There is much variability in how far ozone hole events develop each year. The 2018 hole was also on the larger side. Still, the WMO and the UN Environment Programme determined in 2018 that the ozone layer was on the road to recovery and could return to pre-1980 levels over Antarctica by 2060. Wetlands in India Amid the gloom and doom of the pandemic, the number of protected wetlands in India under the Ramsar Convention increased by 50% in one year, taking the number of such sites of international importance from 27 in 2019 to 41 this year. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of 1971 defines wetlands as - “Areas of the marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six metres.” A wetland is an area of land that is saturated with water. There are many different kinds of wetlands and many ways to categorize them. They are classified into five general types: marine (ocean), estuarine (estuary), riverine (river), lacustrine (lake), and palustrine (marsh). Common names for wetlands include marshes, estuaries, mangroves, mudflats, mires, ponds, fens, swamps, deltas, coral reefs, billabongs, lagoons, shallow seas, bogs, lakes, and floodplains, to name just a few. 2 Often found alongside waterways and in floodplains, wetlands vary widely due to differences in soil, topography, climate, water chemistry, and vegetation. Large wetland areas may also comprise several smaller wetland types. Significance Wetland habitats serve essential functions in an ecosystem, including acting as water filters, providing flood and erosion control, and furnishing food and homes for fish and wildlife. They do more than sustain plants and animals in the watershed, however. Many wetlands are not wet year-round because water levels change with the seasons. During periods of excessive rain, wetlands absorb and slow floodwaters, which helps to alleviate property damage and may even save lives. Major functions of Wetlands 1. Flood control 2. Pollution abatement 3. Carbon Sequestration 4. Biodiversity Hotspot 5. Nutrient cycling Wetlands also absorb excess nutrients, sediments, and other pollutants before they reach rivers, lakes, and other water bodies. They are also great spots for fishing, canoeing, hiking, and bird-watching, and are enjoyable outdoor "classrooms" for people of all ages. Geographical Spread 1. National Wetlands Atlas 2011 prepared by the Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad recognised around 201503 wetlands across the country. The Atlas, which classified wetlands based on the Ramsar Convention definition, also estimated the areal extent of wetlands to be about 7.6 m ha. 2. It is also estimated that India has about 757.06 thousand wetlands with a total wetland area of 15.3 m ha or 4.7 % of geographical area, if open water, aquatic vegetation (submerged, floating and emergent) and surrounding hydric soils are also taken into account.
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