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Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from Vietnam Temir A

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Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from Vietnam Temir A Invertebrate Zoology, 2005, 2(1): 1522 © INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY, 2005 New species of symbiotic scaleworms Asterophilia (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) from Vietnam Temir A. Britayev1, Kristian Fauchald2 1 A.N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, 117071 Moscow, Russia. e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, NHB MRC 0163, Washington, DC 200137012, USA. e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: During the observation of fauna associated with starfishes performed at the shallow coastal waters of Vietnam (South China Sea, Nhatrang Bay) in 1985, 1987, 1988 and 1999, the new species of symbiotic scaleworm was found. The species is similar to Asterophilia carlae, but differs in elytra with distinctive frontal pockets and micropapillae, and in middle neurochaetae with serrated edge and without enlarged basal row of serrations (semilunar pocket). The specimens were associated with starfishes Culcita novaeguineae, Protoreaster nodosus, Linckia laevigata, and with unidentified unstalked crinoids. Worms have been located on the ventral surface of starfishes or hidden in ambulacral grooves. Each infested host harbored 1 or 2 specimens of scaleworm. The prevalence of host infestation was very low in all host species and counted in C. novaeguineae. It varied from 3.3% to 13% with average meaning 8.5% (n = 188). Females were slightly larger than males. This is the first record of Asterophilia species at the coast of Vietnam and the first record of symbiotic polychaete associated with wide spread tropical starfish Culcita novaeguineae and the fifth symbiotic polychaetes recorded in Vietnamese coastal waters. KEYWORDS: symbiosis, polychaetes, scaleworms, sea stars, Vietnam. Íîâûé âèä ñèìáèîòè÷åñêèõ ÷åøóé÷àòûõ ÷åðâåé ðîäà Asterophilia (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) èç Âüåòíàìà Òåìèð A. Áðèòàåâ1, Êðèñòèàí Ôî÷àëä2 1 Èíñòèòóò ïðîáëåì ýêîëîãèè è ýâîëþöèè èì. À.Í. Ñåâåðöîâà Ðîññèéñêîé Àêàäåìèè íàóê, Ëåíèíñêèé ïð. 33, 119071 Ìîñêâà, Ðîññèÿ. e-mail: [email protected] 2 Äåïàðòàìåíò çîîëîãèè, Íàöèîíàëüíûé Ìóçåé Åñòåñòâåííîé Èñòîðèè, Èíñòèòóò Ñìèòñîíà, ï/ÿ 37012, Âàøèíãòîí, ÑØÀ. e-mail: [email protected] ÐÅÇÞÌÅ:  õîäå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ôàóíû, àññîöèèðîâàííîé ñ ìîðñêèìè çâåçäàìè ó ïîáåðåæüÿ Âüåòíàìà, áûë íàéäåí íîâûé âèä ÷åøóé÷àòûõ ìíîãîùåòèíêîâûõ ÷åð- âåé. Íîâûé âèä áëèçîê Asterophilia carlae, èçâåñòíîãî ñ ïîáåðåæüÿ Ôèäæè è Èíäî- íåçèè, íî îòëè÷àåòñÿ íàëè÷èåì íà ýëèòðàõ îò÷åòëèâûõ ôðîíòàëüíûõ êàðìàíîâ è ìèêðîïàïèëë è ñðåäíèìè íåâðîõåòàìè ñ çàçóáðåííûì êðàåì, íî áåç áàçàëüíîé çóá÷àòîñòè (êàðìàíà). Íîâûé âèä îáèòàåò íà çâåçäàõ Culcita novaeguineae, Protoreaster nodosus, Linckia laevigata è íà íå îïðåäåëåííûõ ìîðñêèõ áåññòåáåëü÷àòûõ ëèëèÿõ. Ñèìáèîíòû áûëè ëîêàëèçîâàíû íà âåíòðàëüíîé ïîâåðõíîñòè çâåçä èëè ïðÿòàëèñü â èõ àìáóëàêðàëüíûõ æåëîáêàõ. Íà êàæäîì çàñåëåííîì õîçÿèíå áûëà 12 ïîëèõåòû. Çàñåëåííîñòü âñåõ õîçÿåâ áûëà î÷åíü íèçêîé. Îíà ïîäñ÷èòàíà äëÿ çâåçäû C. novaeguineae ãäå êîëåáàëàñü îò 3,3% äî 13%, ñîñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì 8,5% (âûáîðêà 188 ýêç.). Ñàìêè áûëè ñëåãêà êðóïíåå ñàìöîâ. Ýòî ïåðâàÿ íàõîäêà ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ðîäà Asterophilia ó ïîáåðåæüÿ Âüåòíàìà, ïåðâîå ñîîáùåíèå î ñèìáèîçå ïîëèõåò ñ øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîé òðîïè÷åñêîé ìîðñêîé çâåçäîé C. novaeguineae è ïÿòûé âèä ñèìáèîòè÷åñêèõ ïîëèõåò, íàéäåííûé â ïðèáðåæíûõ âîäàõ Âüåòíàìà. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: ñèìáèîç, ïîëèõåòû, ÷åøóé÷àòûå ìíîãîùåòèíêîâûå ÷åðâè, ìîðñêèå çâåçäû, Âüåòíàì. 16 Temir A. Britayev, Kristian Fauchald Introduction unidentified starfish in Indonesia. During field- Symbiotic polychaetes are relatively rare, studies of Vietnamese marine fauna performed but invariable components of marine fauna by the first author in 19851990, 2003 and in (Martin, Britayev, 1998). The fraction of sym- 2004, significant numbers of scaleworms asso- biotic species within the polychaete fauna may ciated with 3 species of starfishes and one spe- vary from area to area but is increasing in cies of crinoids were found. They were similar tropical waters. For instance, according to Gibbs with A. carlae, but differed in some details. (1969) in the littoral zone of Solomon Islands This material allowed us to describe the new 12 species of symbiotic polychaetes has been species belonging to Asterophilia and to im- found representing about 5.5% of the total poly- prove the generic diagnosis. Some data on the chaete species number. This is obviously hig- species ecology were obtained based on the her than the 1.8% of symbionts currently known method of sampling which could be character- for all species of polychaetes (Martin, Brit- ized as semi-quantitative. This is the first record ayev, 1998). of representatives of Asterophilia at the coast The fauna of symbiotic polychaetes of Viet- of Vietnam and the first record of symbiotic namese coast is poorly known. A review of the polychaete associated with the widely dispersed literature reveals 4 species recorded mainly coral predator starfish Culcita novaeguineae from the vicinity of Nhatrang (Gallardo, 1967; Muller et Troschel, 1842. Britayev, Zamyshliak 1996; Radashevsky, 1996; Lopez at al., 2001). This is substantially Material and method less than species number recorded for the lit- Material was collected in Nhatrang Bay in toral zone of Solomon Islands and comparable southern Vietnam (Fig. 1). Hosts animals were with the number of symbiotic scaleworms re- sampled by SCUBA diving and snorkeling at corded from Hong Kong (Hanley, 1992). Ta- 210 m depth. While still under the water hosts king into account the high level of biodiversity of South China Sea the expected number of symbiotic polychaetes from Vietnam has to be substantially higher. The monotypic genus Asterophilia was es- tablished by Hanley (1989) for a new species of scaleworm with 15 pairs of elytra of which the last four pairs are attached on chaetigers 23, 26, 29 and 32, i.e. which is by far the most common arrangement. It was also very similar to Gastrolepidia clavigera Schmarda, 1861 which is very wide spread in tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans, in the morphology of pros- tomium, parapodia, and chaetae and in the pre- sence of the unusually shaped antennae and dorsal cirri with inflated tips. Due to this simi- larity Asterophilia carlae Hanley, 1989 was confused with G. clavigera by Horst (1917) and overlooked for a long time (Hanley, 1989). A. carlae was described based on three speci- mens from two geographically rather distant localities, Fiji Islands and Gaspar Strait, Indo- Fig. 1. Study area; circles indicate sampling localities. nesia. It was associated with starfish Linckia Ðèñ. 1. Ðàéîí èññëåäîâàíèé; êðóæêàìè îòìå÷åíû laevigata (Linneus, 1758) at Fiji, and with an òî÷êè âçÿòèÿ ïðîá. New species of symbiotic scaleworms 17 were put into plastic bags or wrapped in gauze, ventral tentacular cirri. Buccal segment with each specimen separately, to keep symbionts small nuchal fold, buccal cirri (i.e., ventral together with the host. On the boat, the starfish cirri of chaetiger 2) longer than following ones. radius, the distance between the mouth and the Proboscis with 11 pairs of papillae and 2 pairs end of starfishs arms were measured. Sym- of brown jaws. Parapodia biramous, notopodia bionts usually were located on the ventral sur- small, subconical with long, slender acicular face of starfishes or hidden deep in their ambu- lobe. Neuropodia larger, deeply cut dorsally lacral grooves. For the extracting of scaleworms and ventrally, with longer prechaetal and short- starfish were placed into closed plastic bags for er postchaetal lobes. Notochaetae short to long, 3040 minutes, so that anoxic conditions de- slightly curved with rows of serrations and veloped. The lack of oxygen force symbionts to notched tips. Neurochaetae long; upper ones leave their shelter and make them accessible slender with subterminal swelling, rows of ser- for collecting. In the laboratory, the length of rations and hooded, notched tips; middle and worms and width at chaetigers 815 were mea- lower ones much stouter, with subterminal swel- sured, and the number of chaetigers was count- ling and fewer rows of serrations, middle ones ed under the binocular microscope. The sex of with bi- or unidentate tips, lower ones with few worms was determined after partial dissections rows of serrations and curved unidentate tips. of specimens and examination of fluid extract Dorsal cirri present on segments without elytra, under the microscope. The drawings were pre- cirrophores large, styles smooth, cylindrical pared with a microscope with drawing tube. basally, subdistal inflated with filiform tips; Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micro- dorsal tubercles absent. Ventral cirri short, ta- graphs were made after critical point drying pered. Anus terminal with long anal cirri. Sym- and coating with 300 Å of gold, at the Labora- biont with asteroids and crinoids. tory of Electronic Microscopy, A.N. Severtzov Type species. Asterophilia carlae Hanley, Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS. The 1989. specimens are deposited in Zoological Muse- um of Moscow State University (ZMMSU), Asterophilia culcitae sp. n. Moscow, Russia. Figs. 24. Type locality. Tam Island, Nhatrang Bay, Results Vietnam, South China Sea. Family Polynoidae Malmgren, 1867 Material examined. Holotype: one speci- Subfamily Arctonoinae Hanley, 1989 men in alcohol (N 4512 ZMMSU), South Chi- Genus Asterophilia Hanley, 1989 na Sea, Nhatrang Bay, Tam Island, station 24, Diagnosis. Body flattened, fusiform, frag- 35 m, 10 Feb. 1989, whole $ with everted
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