State of the Union When You Don’T Need Union Mounts
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CERIAS Tech Report 2017-5 Deceptive Memory Systems by Christopher N
CERIAS Tech Report 2017-5 Deceptive Memory Systems by Christopher N. Gutierrez Center for Education and Research Information Assurance and Security Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2086 DECEPTIVE MEMORY SYSTEMS ADissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Christopher N. Gutierrez In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2017 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii THE PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL STATEMENT OF DISSERTATION APPROVAL Dr. Eugene H. Spa↵ord, Co-Chair Department of Computer Science Dr. Saurabh Bagchi, Co-Chair Department of Computer Science Dr. Dongyan Xu Department of Computer Science Dr. Mathias Payer Department of Computer Science Approved by: Dr. Voicu Popescu by Dr. William J. Gorman Head of the Graduate Program iii This work is dedicated to my wife, Gina. Thank you for all of your love and support. The moon awaits us. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Iwould liketothank ProfessorsEugeneSpa↵ord and SaurabhBagchi for their guidance, support, and advice throughout my time at Purdue. Both have been instru mental in my development as a computer scientist, and I am forever grateful. I would also like to thank the Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS) for fostering a multidisciplinary security culture in which I had the privilege to be part of. Special thanks to Adam Hammer and Ronald Cas tongia for their technical support and Thomas Yurek for his programming assistance for the experimental evaluation. I am grateful for the valuable feedback provided by the members of my thesis committee, Professor Dongyen Xu, and Professor Math ias Payer. -
HTTP-FUSE Xenoppix
HTTP-FUSE Xenoppix Kuniyasu Suzaki† Toshiki Yagi† Kengo Iijima† Kenji Kitagawa†† Shuichi Tashiro††† National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology† Alpha Systems Inc.†† Information-Technology Promotion Agency, Japan††† {k.suzaki,yagi-toshiki,k-iijima}@aist.go.jp [email protected], [email protected] Abstract a CD-ROM. Furthermore it requires remaking the entire CD-ROM when a bit of data is up- dated. The other solution is a Virtual Machine We developed “HTTP-FUSE Xenoppix” which which enables us to install many OSes and ap- boots Linux, Plan9, and NetBSD on Virtual plications easily. However, that requires in- Machine Monitor “Xen” with a small bootable stalling virtual machine software. (6.5MB) CD-ROM. The bootable CD-ROM in- cludes boot loader, kernel, and miniroot only We have developed “Xenoppix” [1], which and most part of files are obtained via Internet is a combination of CD/DVD bootable Linux with network loopback device HTTP-FUSE “KNOPPIX” [2] and Virtual Machine Monitor CLOOP. It is made from cloop (Compressed “Xen” [3, 4]. Xenoppix boots Linux (KNOP- Loopback block device) and FUSE (Filesys- PIX) as Host OS and NetBSD or Plan9 as Guest tem USErspace). HTTP-FUSE CLOOP can re- OS with a bootable DVD only. KNOPPIX construct a block device from many small block is advanced in automatic device detection and files of HTTP servers. In this paper we describe driver integration. It prepares the Xen environ- the detail of the implementation and its perfor- ment and Guest OSes don’t need to worry about mance. lack of device drivers. -
How to Create a Custom Live CD for Secure Remote Incident Handling in the Enterprise
How to Create a Custom Live CD for Secure Remote Incident Handling in the Enterprise Abstract This paper will document a process to create a custom Live CD for secure remote incident handling on Windows and Linux systems. The process will include how to configure SSH for remote access to the Live CD even when running behind a NAT device. The combination of customization and secure remote access will make this process valuable to incident handlers working in enterprise environments with limited remote IT support. Bert Hayes, [email protected] How to Create a Custom Live CD for Remote Incident Handling 2 Table of Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................5 2. Making Your Own Customized Debian GNU/Linux Based System........................................7 2.1. The Development Environment ......................................................................................7 2.2. Making Your Dream Incident Handling System...............................................................9 2.3. Hardening the Base Install.............................................................................................11 2.3.1. Managing Root Access with Sudo..........................................................................11 2.4. Randomizing the Handler Password at Boot Time ........................................................12 -
In Search of the Ideal Storage Configuration for Docker Containers
In Search of the Ideal Storage Configuration for Docker Containers Vasily Tarasov1, Lukas Rupprecht1, Dimitris Skourtis1, Amit Warke1, Dean Hildebrand1 Mohamed Mohamed1, Nagapramod Mandagere1, Wenji Li2, Raju Rangaswami3, Ming Zhao2 1IBM Research—Almaden 2Arizona State University 3Florida International University Abstract—Containers are a widely successful technology today every running container. This would cause a great burden on popularized by Docker. Containers improve system utilization by the I/O subsystem and make container start time unacceptably increasing workload density. Docker containers enable seamless high for many workloads. As a result, copy-on-write (CoW) deployment of workloads across development, test, and produc- tion environments. Docker’s unique approach to data manage- storage and storage snapshots are popularly used and images ment, which involves frequent snapshot creation and removal, are structured in layers. A layer consists of a set of files and presents a new set of exciting challenges for storage systems. At layers with the same content can be shared across images, the same time, storage management for Docker containers has reducing the amount of storage required to run containers. remained largely unexplored with a dizzying array of solution With Docker, one can choose Aufs [6], Overlay2 [7], choices and configuration options. In this paper we unravel the multi-faceted nature of Docker storage and demonstrate its Btrfs [8], or device-mapper (dm) [9] as storage drivers which impact on system and workload performance. As we uncover provide the required snapshotting and CoW capabilities for new properties of the popular Docker storage drivers, this is a images. None of these solutions, however, were designed with sobering reminder that widespread use of new technologies can Docker in mind and their effectiveness for Docker has not been often precede their careful evaluation. -
Understanding the Performance of Container Execution Environments
Understanding the performance of container execution environments Guillaume Everarts de Velp, Etienne Rivière and Ramin Sadre [email protected] EPL, ICTEAM, UCLouvain, Belgium Abstract example is an automatic grading platform named INGIn- Many application server backends leverage container tech- ious [2, 3]. This platform is used extensively at UCLouvain nologies to support workloads formed of short-lived, but and other institutions around the world to provide computer potentially I/O-intensive, operations. The latency at which science and engineering students with automated feedback container-supported operations complete impacts both the on programming assignments, through the execution of se- users’ experience and the throughput that the platform can ries of unit tests prepared by instructors. It is necessary that achieve. This latency is a result of both the bootstrap and the student code and the testing runtime run in isolation from execution time of the containers and is impacted greatly by each others. Containers answer this need perfectly: They the performance of the I/O subsystem. Configuring appro- allow students’ code to run in a controlled and reproducible priately the container environment and technology stack environment while reducing risks related to ill-behaved or to obtain good performance is not an easy task, due to the even malicious code. variety of options, and poor visibility on their interactions. Service latency is often the most important criteria for We present in this paper a benchmarking tool for the selecting a container execution environment. Slow response multi-parametric study of container bootstrap time and I/O times can impair the usability of an edge computing infras- performance, allowing us to understand such interactions tructure, or result in students frustration in the case of IN- within a controlled environment. -
CIS 191 Linux Lab Exercise
CIS 191 Linux Lab Exercise Lab 9: Backup and Restore Fall 2008 Lab 9: Backup and Restore The purpose of this lab is to explore the different types of backups and methods of restoring them. We will look at three utilities often used for backups and learn the advantages and disadvantages of each. Supplies • VMWare Server 1.05 or higher • Benji VM Preconfiguration • Labs 6 and Labs 7 completed on a pristine Benji VM [root@benji /]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 382 3068383+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 383 447 522112+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 448 511 514080 83 Linux /dev/sda4 512 652 1132582+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 512 549 305203+ 83 Linux /dev/sda6 550 556 56196 83 Linux /dev/sda7 557 581 200781 83 Linux [root@benji /]# [root@benji /]# mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/sda5 on /opt type ext3 (rw) /dev/sda3 on /var type ext3 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) /dev/sda7 on /home type ext3 (rw,usrquota) [root@benji /]# cat /etc/fstab LABEL=/1 / ext3 defaults 1 1 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 LABEL=/opt /opt ext3 defaults 1 2 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 LABEL=/var /var ext3 defaults 1 2 LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0 LABEL=/home /home ext3 usrquota,defaults 1 2 [root@benji /]# Forum If you get stuck on one of the steps below don’t beat your head against the wall. -
Connecting the Storage System to the Solaris Host
Configuration Guide for Solaris™ Host Attachment Hitachi Virtual Storage Platform Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V/VM FASTFIND LINKS Document Organization Product Version Getting Help Contents MK-96RD632-05 Copyright © 2010 Hitachi, Ltd., all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or stored in a database or retrieval system for any purpose without the express written permission of Hitachi, Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Hitachi”) and Hitachi Data Systems Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “Hitachi Data Systems”). Hitachi Data Systems reserves the right to make changes to this document at any time without notice and assumes no responsibility for its use. This document contains the most current information available at the time of publication. When new and/or revised information becomes available, this entire document will be updated and distributed to all registered users. All of the features described in this document may not be currently available. Refer to the most recent product announcement or contact your local Hitachi Data Systems sales office for information about feature and product availability. Notice: Hitachi Data Systems products and services can be ordered only under the terms and conditions of the applicable Hitachi Data Systems agreement(s). The use of Hitachi Data Systems products is governed by the terms of your agreement(s) with Hitachi Data Systems. Hitachi is a registered trademark of Hitachi, Ltd. in the United States and other countries. Hitachi Data Systems is a registered trademark and service mark of Hitachi, Ltd. -
Welcome to the Ally Skills Workshop
@frameshiftllc Welcome to the Ally Skills Workshop Please fill out a name tag & include the pronouns you normally use. Examples: she/her/hers he/him/his they/them/theirs Pronouns Ally Skills Workshop Valerie Aurora http://frameshiftconsulting.com/ally-skills-workshop/ CC BY-SA Frame Shift Consulting LLC, Dr. Sheila Addison, The Ada Initiative @frameshiftllc Format of the workshop ● 30 minute introduction ● 45 minute group discussion of scenarios ● 15 minute break ● 75 minute group discussion of scenarios ● 15 minute wrap-up ~3 hours total @frameshiftllc SO LONG! 2 hour-long workshop: most common complaint was "Too short!" 3 hour-long workshop: only a few complaints that it was too short https://flic.kr/p/7NYUA3 CC BY-SA Toshiyuki IMAI @frameshiftllc Valerie Aurora Founder Frame Shift Consulting Taught ally skills to 2500+ people in Spain, Germany, Australia, Ireland, Sweden, Mexico, New Zealand, etc. Linux kernel and file systems developer for 10+ years Valerie Aurora @frameshiftllc Let’s talk about technical privilege We are more likely to listen to people who "are technical" … but we shouldn’t be "Technical" is more likely to be granted to white men I am using my technical privilege https://frYERZelic.kr/p/ CC BY @sage_solar to end technical privilege! @frameshiftllc What is an ally? Some terminology first: Privilege: an unearned advantage given by society to some people but not all Oppression: systemic, pervasive inequality that is present throughout society, that benefits people with more privilege and harms those with fewer privileges -
Container-Based Virtualization for Byte-Addressable NVM Data Storage
2016 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data) Container-Based Virtualization for Byte-Addressable NVM Data Storage Ellis R. Giles Rice University Houston, Texas [email protected] Abstract—Container based virtualization is rapidly growing Storage Class Memory, or SCM, is an exciting new in popularity for cloud deployments and applications as a memory technology with the potential of replacing hard virtualization alternative due to the ease of deployment cou- drives and SSDs as it offers high-speed, byte-addressable pled with high-performance. Emerging byte-addressable, non- volatile memories, commonly called Storage Class Memory or persistence on the main memory bus. Several technologies SCM, technologies are promising both byte-addressability and are currently under research and development, each with dif- persistence near DRAM speeds operating on the main memory ferent performance, durability, and capacity characteristics. bus. These new memory alternatives open up a new realm of These include a ReRAM by Micron and Sony, a slower, but applications that no longer have to rely on slow, block-based very large capacity Phase Change Memory or PCM by Mi- persistence, but can rather operate directly on persistent data using ordinary loads and stores through the cache hierarchy cron and others, and a fast, smaller spin-torque ST-MRAM coupled with transaction techniques. by Everspin. High-speed, byte-addressable persistence will However, SCM presents a new challenge for container-based give rise to new applications that no longer have to rely on applications, which typically access persistent data through slow, block based storage devices and to serialize data for layers of block based file isolation. -
Managing File Systems in Oracle® Solaris 11.4
® Managing File Systems in Oracle Solaris 11.4 Part No: E61016 November 2020 Managing File Systems in Oracle Solaris 11.4 Part No: E61016 Copyright © 2004, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. License Restrictions Warranty/Consequential Damages Disclaimer This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. Warranty Disclaimer The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. Restricted Rights Notice If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs (including any operating system, integrated software, any programs embedded, installed or activated on delivered hardware, and modifications of such programs) and Oracle computer documentation or other Oracle data delivered to or accessed by U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" or "commercial -
A Novel Scheduling Framework Leveraging Hardware Cache Partitioning for Cache-Side-Channel Elimination in Clouds
A Novel Scheduling Framework Leveraging Hardware Cache Partitioning for Cache-Side-Channel Elimination in Clouds Read Sprabery Konstantin Evchenko Abhilash Raj University of Illinois, University of Illinois, Oregon State University Urbana-Champaign Urbana-Champaign [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Rakesh B. Bobba Sibin Mohan Roy H. Campbell Oregon State University University of Illinois, University of Illinois, [email protected] Urbana-Champaign Urbana-Champaign [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT on the Last-Level-Cache (LLC) that is shared across multiple cores While there exist many isolation mechanisms that are available [18, 23, 43, 44, 48] – these make defenses much harder. to cloud service providers, including virtual machines, containers, Many defenses against cache-side-channel attacks in cloud envi- etc. , the problem of side-channel increases in importance as a re- ronments have also been proposed (e.g., [6, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, 31, maining security vulnerability – particularly in the presence of 32, 37–40, 45, 51]). However, the proposed solutions suer from a shared caches and multicore processors. In this paper we present variety of drawbacks: (a) some are probabilistic [25, 37, 51]; (b) oth- a hardware-software mechanism that improves the isolation of ers do not protect applications when SMT is enabled [51]; (c) some cloud processes in the presence of shared caches on multicore require developers to re-write applications [19, 22, 31], (d) while chips. Combining the Intel CAT architecture that enables cache others require hardware changes [39, 40] impacting deployability; partitioning on the y with novel scheduling techniques and state (e) some depend on violating x86 semantics by modifying the reso- cleansing mechanisms, we enable cache-side-channel free comput- lution, accuracy or availability of timing instructions [21, 24, 38] ing for Linux-based containers and virtual machines, in particular, and consequently require signicant changes to the applications. -
DMFS - a Data Migration File System for Netbsd
DMFS - A Data Migration File System for NetBSD William Studenmund Veridian MRJ Technology Solutions NASAAmes Research Center" Abstract It was designed to support the mass storage systems de- ployed here at NAS under the NAStore 2 system. That system supported a total of twenty StorageTek NearLine ! have recently developed DMFS, a Data Migration File tape silos at two locations, each with up to four tape System, for NetBSD[I]. This file system provides ker- drives each. Each silo contained upwards of 5000 tapes, nel support for the data migration system being devel- and had robotic pass-throughs to adjoining silos. oped by my research group at NASA/Ames. The file system utilizes an underlying file store to provide the file The volman system is designed using a client-server backing, and coordinates user and system access to the model, and consists of three main components: the vol- files. It stores its internal metadata in a flat file, which man master, possibly multiple volman servers, and vol- resides on a separate file system. This paper will first man clients. The volman servers connect to each tape describe our data migration system to provide a context silo, mount and unmount tapes at the direction of the for DMFS, then it will describe DMFS. It also will de- volman master, and provide tape services to clients. The scribe the changes to NetBSD needed to make DMFS volman master maintains a database of known tapes and work. Then it will give an overview of the file archival locations, and directs the tape servers to move and mount and restoration procedures, and describe how some typi- tapes to service client requests.