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9/11, 22, 34 Benghazi, 3, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 51, 55 A Bernardino León, 54, 55, 56, 58 Bosnia Herzegovina, 10 Abdel-Elah Al-Khatib, 53 Brega Martyrs Brigade, 35 Afghanistan, 10, 12, 13 Africa, 11, 13, 14, 16, 21, 25, 27, 28, 67 C African Union, 25 Canada, 32 Ahmet Davutoğlu, 55 Chad, 13, 15, 26, 27, 34 Algeria, 13, 15, 16, 27, 28, 29, 34, 54 Christopher Stevens, 3, 34 Ali Zeidan, 34, 49 Cold War, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, Amity-enmity, 4, 10, 15, 16, 25, 26, 22, 65 27, 67 Council of Representatives, 36 Ansar al-Shaira, 35 Arab Spring, 1–4, 5n1, 5n5, 5n6, 5n7, D – 5n11, 17, 22, 26 29, 38, 38n1, Denmark, 32 39n15, 40n18, 41n36, 41n39, Dignity, 35 42n52, 42n59, 43n64, 45n94, 60n10, 60n11, 60n13, 60n14, 66, 67, 68n1 E Asharq Al-Awsat, 35 Egypt, 2, 13, 14, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 35, 36, 37, 51, 52 Emrullah İşler, 37, 55 B Ban Ki-moon, 37, 53, 58 Barrack Obama, 36 F Barry Buzan, 4, 8 Fajr Libya, 37 Belgium, 32, 56 February 17 Brigades, 35

© The Author(s) 2017 83 R. Erdağ, Libya in the Arab Spring, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-58772-5 84 INDEX

February 17th Martyrs Brigade, 35 39n7, 39n9, 39n10, 39n11, France, 16, 26, 30, 31, 34, 52 39n13, 39n14, 39n15, 39n16, Francois Hollande, 51 39n17, 40n20, 40n21, 40n22, 40n23, 40n24, 40n29, 40n30, 41n32, 41n35, 41n38, 41n39, G 41n40, 41n42, 41n45, 41n46, Gaddafi, 2, 24, 25–27, 29–33, 35–37, 42n51, 42n52, 42n53, 42n54, 39n3, 39n5, 39n8, 40n25, 42n55, 42n56, 42n57, 43n60, 48–50, 53, 58, 59n5, 66–68 43n61, 43n62, 43n66, 43n67, General People’s Committee, 24, 33 43n69, 43n70, 43n72, 43n74, Geneva, 51, 55, 56 44n75, 44n76, 44n79, 44n80, Georg Charpentier, 58 44n81, 44n84, 44n85, 45n86, Green Book, 24, 66 45n87, 45n88, 45n90, 45n91, 45n94, 45n95, 45n96, 47–56, 58, 59n1, 59n2, 59n3, 59n4, H 59n5, 60n6, 60n8, 60n11, House of Representatives, 36 60n12, 60n15, 60n16, 60n18, 60n19, 61n21, 61n22, 61n23, 61n24, 61n26, 62n32, 62n34, I 62n37, 62n39, 62n40, 62n41, Ian Martin, 54 62n42, 62n43, 62n45, 62n46, Iraq, 2, 3, 5n8, 10, 12–14, 52 62n47, 63n48, 63n49, 63n51, ISIS, 3, 5n8, 22, 50–52, 60n18, 63n52, 63n53, 63n54, 63n55, 61n24, 61n27, 62n38, 68 63n56, 63n58, 63n60, 64n61, Italy, 11, 16, 22, 26, 31, 34, 51, 64n62, 64n63, 64n64, 64n65, 61n22, 61n23, 61n24 64n66, 64n68, 66–68 Libyan National Army, 35, 37, 67 Libya Shield, 35 J Jamahiriya, 24, 30 Jaysh al-Mujahidin, 35 M Justice and Construction party, 34 Matteo Renzi, 51 Middle East, 1–4, 4n1, 5n5, 5n6, 5n12, 6n14, 6n16, 6n17, 8, K 10–15, 17, 18n22, 18n23, Khalifa Haftar, 35, 49 18n25, 18n26, 18n27, 19n36, 19n37, 19n39, 19n41, 19n43, 21, 22, 25, 29, 38n2, 39n9, L 40n20, 40n23, 40n29, 42n58, Lebanon, 14, 54 43n61, 44n79, 44n80, 50, Libya, 1–4, 5n9, 5n10, 12, 13, 15–17, 60n10, 60n14, 60n17, 61n20, 21–38, 38n1, 38n2, 39n4, 39n6, 63n49, 65–68 INDEX 85

Middle East and North Africa, 2 Regional security complex, 4, 8–11, , 30, 32, 36, 57 13, 66 Mohammed Yousef el-Magariaf, 48 Revolution, 14, 24, 67 , 33 Morocco, 13, 15, 16, 28, 29, 57 , 33, 35, 36 S Mustafa Abdel-Jalil, 33 , 2, 13, 25, 35 Mustafa Abu Shagur, 34 Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries, 35 Shura Council of Derna, 52 N Sirte, 32, 52 , 33 Skhirat, 56, 58 National Oil Corporation, 52 Spain, 16, 32, 52, 54 National Transitional Council, 62n43 Sub-complex, 2, 4, 11, 13, 15, 16, 21, NATO, 1, 3, 10, 12, 17, 30–32, 38, 22, 25, 50, 66 40n22, 40n30, 42n57, 43n62, Supreme Security Committees, 33 43n64, 51, 53, 61n24, 66 Syria, 2, 13, 14, 31, 52 Norway, 32 NTC, 29, 32, 33, 34, 47, 49, 53 Nuri Ali Abu Sahmain, 48, 54, 55 T Tobruk, 35–37, 50–54, 56, 57, 60n19, 62n39, 67 O Tripoli, 32, 34–37, 39n8, 44n78, Oil, 2, 14, 15, 28, 34, 49, 52, 55 44n79, 50–55, 57, 61n28, 67 Operation Dawn, 35 Tuareg, 24, 53 Operation Dignity, 35 Tunisia, 2, 4n1, 13, 15, 16, 17, 26, 28, Operation Karama, 35 29, 31, 33, 37, 39n4, 40n24, Overlay, 12, 21, 30 40n29, 41n32, 45n94, 50, 54, 67 Turkey, 10, 12, 13, 31, 34, 37, 45n92, 52, 55, 60n17, 63n55 P Palestine, 13, 14, 15, 16 U Q The UK, 26, 31, 34 Qatar, 13, 32 UN Human Rights Council, 26 UN Security Council, 25, 30, 31, 53 UNSMIL, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, R 62n46, 63n54, 63n60, 64n64 Rabat, 56 Rafallah al-Sahati, 35 Rafallah al-Sahati Brigade, 35 W Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, 55 Western Sahara, 13, 15