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New Laboulbeniales (Ascomycotina) from French Guyana

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New Laboulbeniales (Ascomycotina) from French Guyana Cryptogamie,Mycologie, 2008, 29 (1): 3-9 © 2008 Adac. Tous droits réservés New Laboulbeniales (Ascomycotina) from French Guyana WalterROSSI* & Pasqua RosaPONZIANI Department of Environmental Sciences,University of L’Aquila, 67100 Coppito (AQ),Italy Résumé – Les auteurs décrivent quatre Laboulbéniales nouvelles, parasites d’insectes de la Guyane Française : Eucantharomyces egae , parasite de Ega sp. (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Laboulbenia apotropinae , parasite de Apotropina panamensis (Diptera, Chloropidae), Laboulbenia guyanensis , parasite de Micratopus sp. (Coleoptera, Carabidae), et Stigmatomyces kotrbae , parasite de Acrosticta apicalis (Diptera, Ulidiidae). Laboulbeniales / champignons parasites / taxonomie Abstract – Four new Laboulbeniales parasitic on insects from French Guyana are described: Eucantharomyces egae , parasitic on Ega sp. (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Laboulbenia apotropinae , parasitic on Apotropina panamensis (Diptera, Chloropidae), Laboulbenia guyanensis , parasitic on Micratopus sp. (Coleoptera, Carabidae), and Stigmatomyces kotrbae , parasitic on Acrosticta apicalis (Diptera, Ulidiidae). Laboulbeniales / parasitic fungi / taxonomy INTRODUCTION Most information about Laboulbeniales from French Guyana is found in three papers by the French entomologist Jean Balazuc (1977, 1978, 1986). In the first of these papers Laboulbenia diademata Balazuc is described; in the second, the following eleven species are recorded: Dimeromyces parasiti Thaxter, Herpomyces periplanetae Thaxter, Laboulbenia auberi Balazuc, L. dorstii Balazuc, L. homophoetae (Spegazzini) Thaxter, L. metrionae Balazuc, L. negrei Balazuc, L. pachytelis Thaxter, L. pheropsophi Thaxter, L. subopaca Spegazzini, and Rhachomyces velatus Thaxter; in the third, five more species are described: Laboubenia arnaudii Balazuc, L. durantonii Balazuc, L. jovetae Balazuc, L. remex Balazuc, and L. rucujenna Balazuc. Only three Laboulbeniales were recorded from French Guyana before the 17 species reported by Balazuc, i. e. Ceratomyces mirabilis Thaxter (Thaxter, 1931), Laboulbenia barbata Thaxter (Thaxter, 1899), and Rhachomyces cayennensis Thaxter (Thaxter, 1900). Recently, one more species was added to this short list: Laboulbenia richardiana W. Rossi et Kotrba, 2004. *Correspondence and reprints: [email protected] 4W. Rossi &P.R. Ponziani The low number of Laboulbeniales reported so far for French Guyana is evidence of the very little attention given to this, and to many other groups of fungi, in most tropical countries. Further collecting will undoubtedly increase considerably this number, as it is shown by the description of four new species, three of which were found in a single, short journey to French Guyana. MATERIALS AND METHODS Host insects were collected in the field using standard entomological techniques. Insects were stored in 75% ethyl alcohol for transport to the laboratory, where they were carefully examined with a dissecting microscope. The parasitic fungi were removed from the hosts by means of an entomological pin (# 3) and mounted on permanent slides following the techniques described by Benjamin (1971). Holotypes of the new species are deposited in the Botanical Museum in Florence (FI); paratypes are temporarily kept in the collection of the junior author, which will be deposited in FI. TAXONOMY Eucantharomyces egae W. Rossi et Ponziani sp. nov . Fig. 1 Fungus stramineo colore. Receptaculum parvum, e subaequalibus ac fere verticalibus cellulis constans. Appendix longior quam receptaculum, e parvis ac validis basalibus et subbasalibus cellulis constans, quarum prima paulo longior quam latior, altera paulo latior quam longior et paulo tenuior quam prima; margin- alis cellula exilis, ad imum basalem cellulam quasi attingens, ad summum validam spinam producens. Antheridium e tribus seriebus cellularum constat; antheridii collum breve, incurvatum, truncato apice. Perithecii stirps magna ac varie elongata. Perithecium, cum basalibus cellulis, magnum ac fusi instar, corrugatis marginibus, ad summum tholi instar contractum. Tota longitudo 450-715 µm; perithecium 60-80 × 240-340 µm; longitudo a pede usaque ad apicem antheridii 140-150 µm. Parasitus Egae spp. in America meridionali. Thallus uniformly straw colored. Receptacle small, consisting of nearly equal and almost vertical cells. Appendage longer than the receptacle, with the basal and the suprabasal cells small and stout, the former slightly longer than broad and slightly larger than the latter, which is slightly broader than long; marginal cell very slender, extending nearly to the basal cell below and terminating above with a spine-like process. Antheridial cells in three rows; the discharge tube short, curved, with a truncate apex. Perithecial stalk cell large and variably elongate. Perithecium, with its basal cells, broadly fusiform, relatively large, the margins corrugate, with a more prominent elevation near the middle, evenly tapered to a blunt apex. Total length 450-715 µm; perithecium 60-80 × 240- 340 µm; length from foot to the apex of the antheridium 140-150 µm. Holotype: French Guyana , Matoury, on muddy banks of a small river near Carrefour de Barbadines, 11-15 Dec 2003,W. Rossi, on Ega sp. (Coleoptera, Carabidae), no. 2738 (FI). Paratypes : same data as the type, nos. 2736, 2737; Bolivia ,Dpto. Santa Cruz,Prov. Andrés Ibanez, Canton Terebinto,Potrerillo Guendá, sandy banks of the Rio Guendá, on elytra of Ega sp., 18-20 Sept 1996, W. Rossi, no. 2056. Seven mature and five young thalli were examined. New Laboulbeniales from French Guyana 5 Figs. 1-5. 1. Eucantharomyces egae, from the type slide. 2. Laboulbenia apotropinae: paratype with short appendages. 3-4. Laboulbenia guyanensis. 3. Young specimen with trichogyne. 4. Mature specimen from the type slide. 5. Stigmatomyces kotrbae, from the type slide. Scale bar = 100 µm. 6W. Rossi &P.R. Ponziani The new species is characterized by an antheridium bearing a conspicuous spine-like process and a discharge tube quite stout and curving downwards; moreover, the receptacle is very small compared with the large, spindle-shaped perithecium. These characters together concur to distinguish the new species from the others in the same genus. The Bolivian thalli are smaller (400-440 µ m) but otherwise not distinguished. Laboulbenia apotropinae W. Rossi et Ponziani sp. nov. Fig. 2 Perithecium et appendicum distales partes lurida; ceterus fungus helvolus, subbasali cellula receptaculi fusciore. Basalis cellula receptaculi trapeziformis, circiter duplo longior quam maxima latitudo. Subbasalis cellula elongata, parallelis lateribus, paulo latior ac duplo longior quam basalis. Cellula III+IV parva, a cellula V obliquo septo divisa. Cellula V cunei instar, inter psallium et perithecii basem posita. Psallium atrum ac breve. Basalis cellula exterioris appendicis magna ac pallens, duas parvas cellulas ferens, ex quibus 2-4 longissimi simplices rami oriuntur. Interior appendix constat e parva cellula griseo colore 2-3 elongata antheridia ferenti. Perithecium omnino solutum, late fusi instar, parietalibus cellulis spiram efficientibus, superficie punctulata, apice inaequale, e tribus labiis confecto, quorum alterum magnum ac rotundatum, cetera longiora ac tenuiora, parum divergentia, singulas parvas papillas in summo ferentia. Longitudo a pede usque ad perithecii apicem 300-460 µ m; perithecium 40-47 × 119-139 µm; maxima longitudo appendicum 1300 µm. Parasitus Apotropinae panamensidis in America meridionali. Perithecium and distal portion of the appendages grayish brown; the rest of the fungus is grayish yellow, with darker suprabasal cell of the receptacle. Basal cell (I) of the receptacle subtrapeziodal, about twice longer than maximum width. Suprabasal cell (II) elongate, with almost parallel sides, slightly broader and twice longer than the basal. Cell III+IV relatively small, divided by a very oblique septum from cell V, which is wedge-shaped and placed between the insertion cell and the base of the perithecium. Insertion cell narrow and very dark. Basal cell of outer appendage pale and quite large, bearing two smaller cells which give rise to 2-4 very long, simple branches (up to 1.3 mm!). Inner appendage consisting of a small, grayish basal cell bearing 2-3 elongate antheridia. Perithecium wholly free, broadly fusiform, the wall-cells slightly spiral and densely mottled, the tip distinctly asymmetrical, ending with tree lips, one of which is large and rounded while the two others are taller, more slender, slightly divergent, both bearing a small rounded papilla on the top. Length from foot to perithecial apex 300- 460 µm; perithecium 40-47 × 119-139 µm; longest appendages 1300 µm. Holotype: French Guyana , Bagne des Anamites, near Port Inini, 9 & 12 Dec 2003,W. Rossi, on the mesonotum of Apotropina panamensis Malloch (Diptera, Chloropidae), no. 2673 (FI). Paratypes : same data as the type, nos. 2674, 2675 (FI). Five mature thalli were examined. Among the species of Laboulbenia parasitic on Chloropidae, only L. crispata Thaxter has a distinct cell V and undivided cell III+IV; this latter species, however, is very different: among other things, has darker, more slender and more numerous appendages, and its perithecium bears apically a conspicuous outgrowth (Thaxter, 1917). Laboulbenia guyanensis W. Rossi et Ponziani sp. nov. Figs. 3-4 Receptaculum tenue ac elongatum, suprabasali cellula quasi triplo longiore quam basali. Cellula III parva, circiter sesqui longior quam basalis. Cellulae IV et V breviores quam III, subaequales, a septo verticali divisae.
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