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Histology Gonad Based on Morphochromatically GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 7, July 2019 ISSN 2320-9186 189 1 2 GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 7, July 2019, Online: ISSN 2320-9186 3 www.globalscientificjournal.com 4 HISTOLOGY GONAD BASED ON 5 MORPHOCHROMATICALLY-DEFINED OF GONADAL 6 MATURATION STAGES ABALONE (HALIOTIS SQUAMATA 7 REEVE, 1846), IN BANTEN COASTAL, INDONESIA 8 SYAMSUL BACHRY1 , DEDY DURYADI SOLIHIN1 RUDHY GUSTIANO2, KADARWAN 9 SOEWARDI3, NURLISA A. BUTET3 10 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, IPB 16680, Indonesia 11 2Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, 16151, Indonesia 12 3Department of Aquatic Resources Management, FPIK-IPB 16680, Indonesia 13 *E-mail: [email protected] 14 15 Abstract 16 The identification of the gonadal maturity stage in the specimen is very important 17 for determining the spawning season, this is because it can facilitate the process 18 of sustainable fisheries management such as abalone H. squamata. This study 19 aims to identify, histologically, gonads through morphochromatically-defined of 20 gonadal maturation. The results showed that four stages of gonadal development 21 in male and female abalone H. squamata were found where the four stages 22 included pre-proliferation, maturation, maturity, and consumption. Therefore 23 morphochromatic definitions can be used as a practical tool for identification of 24 gonad abalone H. squamata. 25 26 27 Introduction 28 Abalone is one type of marine mollusk that is of exotic and economical 29 value because the abalone shell is used for decoration and the meat is very 30 popular as one of the delicious and popular foods (Setyono, 2006). Abalone is 31 one of the commodities of marine products with demand in large quantities, GSJ© 2019 www.globalscientificjournal.com GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 7, July 2019 ISSN 2320-9186 190 32 especially Asian countries including Japan, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, and others 33 (Sales & Britz, 2001; Gordon & Cook, 2013). 34 Abalone is a gastropod that broadcast spawners (Takami & Kawamura, 35 2017). Abalone gonads can be observed through the left side of the shell by 36 lifting the legs and epipodium (Cox,1962; Setyono, 2006). The gonads lining the 37 digestive gland are called canonical appendage, which is known as 38 hepatogonadal complex (Velez-Arellano et al. 2015). Generally, females gonads 39 have a greenish color and males are beige in color (Sobhon et al. 1999; 40 Singhakaew et al. 2003; Hadijah et al., 2013; Roux et al. 2013). 41 Abalone size during gonadal maturation differs according to type, 42 geography, and water quality conditions where the abalone lives (Capinpin et al. 43 1998). Some sizes of abalone when first gonad mature include of H. midae from 44 the east coast of South Africa showing a shell size of 20-25 mm (Wood & Buxton, 45 1996), H. asinina from the waters of Tanakeke Island in South Sulawesi has a 46 shell length > 60 mm (Hadijah et al., 2013) other abalone species such as the 47 Haliotis type hannai disc that is kept in hatchery have a shell length of 30 mm 48 (Awaji & Hamano, 2004). Abalone in the subtropical region is different at the 49 beginning of gonadal maturity. The H. cracherodii species get a shell size of 140 50 mm (Del Proo, 1992). In addition, histological studies of gonadal development in 51 the adult phase have been carried out in various species (Hooker & Creese, 52 1995; Wood & Buxton, 1996; Capinpin et al. 1998; Setyono, 2004). However, 53 scientific information regarding the morphology and histology of gonads in 54 abalone H. squamata from Indonesia waters has not been widely reported. 55 Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the stages of gonadal 56 development through histological descriptions the morphochromatically-defined 57 of gonad abalone H. squamata on the coastal of Banten, Indonesia. 58 GSJ© 2019 www.globalscientificjournal.com GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 7, July 2019 ISSN 2320-9186 191 59 Materials and Method 60 About 113 specimens were collected in February 2017. Specimens were 61 collected on the coastal of Banten, Indonesia (105º 53’630’ E, 06º 49, 87,4’ S). 62 Specimens are surgically removed from the hypogonadal complex. Each 63 hepatogonadal complex is photographed and examined to describe the color and 64 consistency of the gonads, and the size relative to the size of the 65 hepatopancreas. Male and female abalone gonads from several abalone 66 samples were fixed in 10% formalin solution and processed following standard 67 histological techniques: gonad specimens were inserted in paraffin, and 3-5 µm 68 thick sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (Humason, 69 1979). Criteria for determining the level of gonad maturity in H. squamata follow 70 (modification of Wood & Buxton 1996; Capinpin et al. 1998; Setyono, 2006, 71 Velez-Arellano et al. 2015). Sex determination of surviving abalone can be 72 observed visually by opening the side of the abalone shell. The color of the male 73 gonad is characterized by beige and female gonads characterized by green. 74 75 Result and Discussion 76 A total of 113 H. squamata specimens were examined, observations were 77 made based on gonad maturity in morphochromatic and histological features. 78 The gonadal characteristics found include four stages (Pre-proliferative, 79 development, maturation and total spawning) for the ovaries and testes (Table 1, 80 Figure 1 and Figure 2). Size of abalone H. squamata shell morphology found at 81 the time of observation was 4-7 cm. 82 Gonad maturation cycle in abalone occurs throughout the year. However, 83 abalone has its own image for the level of gonad maturity based on geography 84 and abalone living conditions. Thus the image of gonads can be used as a tool to 85 differentiate the stages of abalone gonad maturity based on the same level. GSJ© 2019 www.globalscientificjournal.com GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 7, July 2019 ISSN 2320-9186 192 86 Several studies that have explained the stage of gonadal maturity of the Haliotis 87 genus based on histology (Wood & Buxton, 1996; Capinpin et al. 1998; Bilbao et 88 al. 2012). 89 Based on the observation of macroscopic features, histological 90 characteristics generally showed an increase in the number of stable cells in the 91 process of gonadal maturation. Thus an increase in the size of the gonad is 92 easily observed visually. This is also seen in the size of the hepatopancreas 93 which has decreased, because of the presence of nutrients transported to the 94 gonad. The color of the gonad changes when the cells mature inside, this is 95 because it shows the development of various levels of gonadal maturity based on 96 macroscopic features. 97 Observations based on this description have been successfully used in fish 98 species such as Labeo cylindricus (Booth & Weyl, 2000), where macroscopic 99 patterns have also been used to see ovarian development in crustaceans such 100 as Callinectes danae (Zara et al. 2013), which has been explained in terms of the 101 main macroscopic relationship and histological structure of the oviductal gland 102 morphology that correlates well in the macroscopic evaluation of molluscs such 103 as Octopus hubbsorum (Alejo-Plata & Gómez-Márquez, 2015), where 104 macroscopic features have been described for various stages of maturation in 105 gastropods of Hexaplex trunculus (Elhasni et al. 2010). 106 Each species has a variety of different stages of gonadal maturity, this is in 107 accordance with environmental conditions. But results revealed in this study 108 indicate a practical and accurate way of identification in determining the stages of 109 gonadal maturation, without the need to do a long and time-consuming 110 histological analysis. 111 Conculsion GSJ© 2019 www.globalscientificjournal.com GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 7, July 2019 ISSN 2320-9186 193 112 Based on morphochromatic observations on gonad abalone H. squamata, four 113 stages of gonadal development were found including the pre-proliferation, 114 maturation, maturing and spent stages. In addition, the Criteria for TKG II (the 115 initial development stage) is a criterion that is mostly found in the observation of 116 male and female gonadal morphology in February 2017 in the waters of 117 Binuangeun, Banten Province. 118 Acknowledgment 119 This research was funded by Indonesian Government through Directorate 120 General of Higher Education (DIKTI), Ministry of Research, Technology and 121 Higher Education. We would like to thank for the Center for Research and 122 Development of Cultivation Sea from Gondol-Bali (CRDMAGB), fishermen and 123 collectors of abalon for their information. 124 References 125 Alejo-Plata, M. C., & Gómez-Márquez, J. L. 2015. Reproductive biology of 126 Octopus hubbsorum (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from the coast of 127 Oaxaca, Mexico. American Malacological Bulletin, 33 (1): 1-12. 128 Awaji, M., & Hamano, K. 2004. Gonad formation, sex differentiation and gonad 129 maturation processes in artificially produced juveniles of the abalone, 130 Haliotis discus hannai. Aquaculture, 239:397-411. 131 Bilbao, A., Uriarte, I., del Pino V, M., Sosa, B., Fern´andez-Palacios, H., & 132 Hern´andez-Cruz, C. M. 2012. Effect of Macroalgae Protein Levels on 133 Some Reproductive Aspects and Physiological Parameters for the 134 Abalone, Haliotis tuberculata coccinea (Reeve 1846). Journal of the World 135 Aquaculture Society, 43 (6):764-777. GSJ© 2019 www.globalscientificjournal.com GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 7, July 2019 ISSN 2320-9186 194 136 Booth, A. J., & Weyl, O. L. F. 2000. Histological validation of gonadal 137 macroscopic staging criteria for Labeo cylindricus (Pisces: Cyprinidae). 138 African Zoology, 35 (2):223-231. 139 Capinpin Jr, E. C., Encena II, V. C., & Bayona, N. C. 1998. Studies on the 140 reproductive biology of the Donkey’sear abalone, Haliotis asinina Linne. 141 Aquaculture, 166:141-150. 142 Cox, K. W. 1962. California Abalones, Family Haliotidae. The Resources Agency 143 of California, Department of Fish and Game.
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