And Nanostructures of Biocarbonates: Quantitative Statistical Grain-Area Analysis of Diagenetic Overprint Laura A
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Mineral Quantification with Simultaneous Refinement of Ca-Mg Carbonates Non-Stoichiometry by X-Ray Diffraction, Rietveld Method
Article Mineral Quantification with Simultaneous Refinement of Ca-Mg Carbonates Non-Stoichiometry by X-ray Diffraction, Rietveld Method Hélisson Nascimento dos Santos 1,*, Reiner Neumann 1,2 and Ciro Alexandre Ávila 2 1 CETEM—Centre for Mineral Technology, Division for Technological Characterisation, 22461-908 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; [email protected] 2 Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +51-21-3865-7263 Received: 3. July 2017; Accepted: 4 September 2017; Published: 8 September 2017 Abstract: Quantitative phase analyses of carbonate rocks containing Mg-rich calcite and non- stoichiometric dolomite by the Rietveld method yielded improved results when the substitutions are refined for either minerals. The refinement is constrained by the c-axis of the lattice for both minerals using the formula c = −1.8603 nMg + 17.061 for calcite, where nMg is the molar fraction of Mg replacing Ca, and c = 16.0032 + 0.8632ΔnCa for dolomite, with ΔnCa being the excess Ca in its B site. The one-step procedure was implemented into the Topas software and tested on twenty-two carbonate rock samples from diverse geological settings, considered analogues to petroleum system lithotypes of the pre-evaporite deposits of Southeastern Brazil. The case study spans over a wide range of calcite and dolomite compositions: up to 0.287 apfu Mg in magnesian calcite, and Ca in excess of up to 0.25 apfu in non-stoichiometric dolomite, which are maximum substitutions the formulas support. The method overcomes the limitations for the quantification of minerals by stoichiometry based on whole-rock chemical analysis for complex mineralogy and can be employed for multiple generations of either carbonate. -
Oregon Department of Human Services HEALTH EFFECTS INFORMATION
Oregon Department of Human Services Office of Environmental Public Health (503) 731-4030 Emergency 800 NE Oregon Street #604 (971) 673-0405 Portland, OR 97232-2162 (971) 673-0457 FAX (971) 673-0372 TTY-Nonvoice TECHNICAL BULLETIN HEALTH EFFECTS INFORMATION Prepared by: Department of Human Services ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION Office of Environmental Public Health OCTOBER, 1998 CALCIUM CARBONATE "lime, limewater” For More Information Contact: Environmental Toxicology Section (971) 673-0440 Drinking Water Section (971) 673-0405 Technical Bulletin - Health Effects Information CALCIUM CARBONATE, "lime, limewater@ Page 2 SYNONYMS: Lime, ground limestone, dolomite, sugar lime, oyster shell, coral shell, marble dust, calcite, whiting, marl dust, putty dust CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: - Molecular Formula: CaCO3 - White solid, crystals or powder, may draw moisture from the air and become damp on exposure - Odorless, chalky, flat, sweetish flavor (Do not confuse with "anhydrous lime" which is a special form of calcium hydroxide, an extremely caustic, dangerous product. Direct contact with it is immediately injurious to skin, eyes, intestinal tract and respiratory system.) WHERE DOES CALCIUM CARBONATE COME FROM? Calcium carbonate can be mined from the earth in solid form or it may be extracted from seawater or other brines by industrial processes. Natural shells, bones and chalk are composed predominantly of calcium carbonate. WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLE USES OF CALCIUM CARBONATE? Calcium carbonate is an important ingredient of many household products. It is used as a whitening agent in paints, soaps, art products, paper, polishes, putty products and cement. It is used as a filler and whitener in many cosmetic products including mouth washes, creams, pastes, powders and lotions. -
Sedimentary Factories and Ecosystem Change Across the Permian-Triassic Critical Interval (P-Trci) – Insights from the Xiakou Area (South China)
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.10.244210; this version posted August 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. This manuscript has been submitted for publication in Paläontologische Zeitschrift and is currently under review. Subsequent versions of this manuscript may have slightly different content. If accepted, the final version of this manuscript will be available via the ‘Peer‐reviewed Publication DOI’ ’ link on the right hand side of this webpage. Please feel free to contact any of the authors. Your feedback is very welcome bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.10.244210; this version posted August 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Sedimentary factories and ecosystem change across the Permian-Triassic Critical Interval (P-TrCI) – insights from the Xiakou area (South China) Yu Pei1*, Jan-Peter Duda1,2, Joachim Reitner1,2 1Department of Geobiology, Geoscience Center, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany 2‘Origin of Life’ Group, Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Göttingen, Germany Abstract The Permian-Triassic mass extinction included a potentially catastrophic decline of biodiversity, but ecosystem change across this event remains poorly characterized. -
Gonad Development in Farmed Male and Female South African Abalone, Haliotis Midae, Fed Artifcial and Natural Diets Under a Range of Husbandry Conditions
Gonad development in farmed male and female South African abalone, Haliotis midae, fed articial and natural diets under a range of husbandry conditions Esther Meusel Vetmeduni Vienna: Veterinarmedizinische Universitat Wien Simon Menanteau-Ledouble ( [email protected] ) Aalborg University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3435-9287 Matthew Naylor HIK Abalone Farm Horst Kaiser Rhodes University Mansour El-Matbouli Vetmeduni Vienna: Veterinarmedizinische Universitat Wien Research Keywords: abalone, Haliotis midae, articial diet, soya, phytoestrogens, husbandry, gonad bulk index, sexual maturation rate Posted Date: July 27th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-735927/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/18 Abstract Background Growth rate is considered one of the most important factors in the farming of Haliotis midae and somatic growth rates decline after abalone reach sexual maturity. Articial diets are suspected to accelerate maturation, in particular when soya meal is used as a protein source, because of this plant’s high concentration of phytoestrogens. Results We fed two articial diets and a natural diet, kelp. The rst articial diet had shmeal as its main source of protein while the other, Abfeed® S34, replaced some of the sh proteins with soya meal. The effect of diet on the gonad development of 27-month-old farmed Haliotis midae, raised at two stocking densities, was analysed. For each gonad sample the development phase was determined based on both histological criteria and the gonad bulk index (GBIn). The hypothesized link between dietary protein source and gonad development could not be established by either morphological criteria or GBIn. -
The Peculiar Protein Ultrastructure of Fan Shell and Pearl Oyster Byssus
Soft Matter View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue A new twist on sea silk: the peculiar protein ultrastructure of fan shell and pearl oyster byssus† Cite this: Soft Matter, 2018, 14,5654 a a b b Delphine Pasche, * Nils Horbelt, Fre´de´ric Marin, Se´bastien Motreuil, a c d Elena Macı´as-Sa´nchez, Giuseppe Falini, Dong Soo Hwang, Peter Fratzl *a and Matthew James Harrington *ae Numerous mussel species produce byssal threads – tough proteinaceous fibers, which anchor mussels in aquatic habitats. Byssal threads from Mytilus species, which are comprised of modified collagen proteins – have become a veritable archetype for bio-inspired polymers due to their self-healing properties. However, threads from different species are comparatively much less understood. In particular, the byssus of Pinna nobilis comprises thousands of fine fibers utilized by humans for millennia to fashion lightweight golden fabrics known as sea silk. P. nobilis is very different from Mytilus from an ecological, morphological and evolutionary point of view and it stands to reason that the structure– Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. function relationships of its byssus are distinct. Here, we performed compositional analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate byssal threads of P. nobilis, as well as a closely related bivalve species (Atrina pectinata) and a distantly related one (Pinctada fucata). Received 20th April 2018, This comparative investigation revealed that all three threads share a similar molecular superstructure Accepted 18th June 2018 comprised of globular proteins organized helically into nanofibrils, which is completely distinct from DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00821c the Mytilus thread ultrastructure, and more akin to the supramolecular organization of bacterial pili and F-actin. -
Louisiana's Animal Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN)
Louisiana's Animal Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) ‐ Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Animals ‐ 2020 MOLLUSKS Common Name Scientific Name G‐Rank S‐Rank Federal Status State Status Mucket Actinonaias ligamentina G5 S1 Rayed Creekshell Anodontoides radiatus G3 S2 Western Fanshell Cyprogenia aberti G2G3Q SH Butterfly Ellipsaria lineolata G4G5 S1 Elephant‐ear Elliptio crassidens G5 S3 Spike Elliptio dilatata G5 S2S3 Texas Pigtoe Fusconaia askewi G2G3 S3 Ebonyshell Fusconaia ebena G4G5 S3 Round Pearlshell Glebula rotundata G4G5 S4 Pink Mucket Lampsilis abrupta G2 S1 Endangered Endangered Plain Pocketbook Lampsilis cardium G5 S1 Southern Pocketbook Lampsilis ornata G5 S3 Sandbank Pocketbook Lampsilis satura G2 S2 Fatmucket Lampsilis siliquoidea G5 S2 White Heelsplitter Lasmigona complanata G5 S1 Black Sandshell Ligumia recta G4G5 S1 Louisiana Pearlshell Margaritifera hembeli G1 S1 Threatened Threatened Southern Hickorynut Obovaria jacksoniana G2 S1S2 Hickorynut Obovaria olivaria G4 S1 Alabama Hickorynut Obovaria unicolor G3 S1 Mississippi Pigtoe Pleurobema beadleianum G3 S2 Louisiana Pigtoe Pleurobema riddellii G1G2 S1S2 Pyramid Pigtoe Pleurobema rubrum G2G3 S2 Texas Heelsplitter Potamilus amphichaenus G1G2 SH Fat Pocketbook Potamilus capax G2 S1 Endangered Endangered Inflated Heelsplitter Potamilus inflatus G1G2Q S1 Threatened Threatened Ouachita Kidneyshell Ptychobranchus occidentalis G3G4 S1 Rabbitsfoot Quadrula cylindrica G3G4 S1 Threatened Threatened Monkeyface Quadrula metanevra G4 S1 Southern Creekmussel Strophitus subvexus -
Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms
Title 430 – National Soil Survey Handbook Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms Subpart A – General Information 629.0 Definition and Purpose This glossary provides the NCSS soil survey program, soil scientists, and natural resource specialists with landform, geologic, and related terms and their definitions to— (1) Improve soil landscape description with a standard, single source landform and geologic glossary. (2) Enhance geomorphic content and clarity of soil map unit descriptions by use of accurate, defined terms. (3) Establish consistent geomorphic term usage in soil science and the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS). (4) Provide standard geomorphic definitions for databases and soil survey technical publications. (5) Train soil scientists and related professionals in soils as landscape and geomorphic entities. 629.1 Responsibilities This glossary serves as the official NCSS reference for landform, geologic, and related terms. The staff of the National Soil Survey Center, located in Lincoln, NE, is responsible for maintaining and updating this glossary. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. The Glossary of Geology (GG, 2005) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. The American Geologic Institute (AGI) granted the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) permission (in letters dated September 11, 1985, and September 22, 1993) to use existing definitions. Sources of, and modifications to, original definitions are explained immediately below. 629.2 Definitions A. Reference Codes Sources from which definitions were taken, whole or in part, are identified by a code (e.g., GG) following each definition. -
Computational Modelling of Wet Adhesive Mussel Foot Proteins (Bivalvia): Insights Into the Evolutionary Convolution in Diverse Perspectives P
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Computational modelling of wet adhesive mussel foot proteins (Bivalvia): Insights into the evolutionary convolution in diverse perspectives P. P. Anand & Y. Shibu Vardhanan Underwater adhesion in mussels (Bivalvia) is an extreme adaptation to achieve robust and frm wet adhesion in the freshwater/brackish/ocean, which biochemically shaped through millions of years. The protein-based adhesion has huge prospective in various felds like industry, medical, etc. Currently, no comprehensive records related to the systematic documentation of structural and functional properties of Mussel foot proteins (Mfps). In this study, we identifed the nine species of bivalves in which the complete sequence of at least one adhesive protein is known. The insilico characterization revealed the specifc physio-chemical structural and functional characters of each Mfps. The evolutionary analyses of selected bivalves are mainly based on Mfps, Mitogenome, and TimeTree. The outcome of the works has great applications for designing biomimetic materials in future. Some groups of mussels are capable to produce proteinaceous glue- like sticky material known as byssus thread made by an array of foot proteins (fps). Tis byssus contains mainly four parts i.e. Plaque, thread, stem, and root. Individual threads proximally merged together to form stem and base of the stem (root) deeply anchored at the base of animal foot. Each byssus threads terminating distally with a fattened plaque which mediates adhesion to the substratum1–4. Each part of the byssus thread complex formed by the auto-assembly of secretory products originating from four distinct glands enclosed in the mussel foot4,5. Tese mussel foot protein (Mfps), mastered the ability to binding the diverse substratum by using adhesive plaques. -
Epithermal Bicolor Black and White Calcite Spheres from Herja Ore Deposit, Baia Mare Neogene Ore District, Romania-Genetic Considerations
minerals Review Epithermal Bicolor Black and White Calcite Spheres from Herja Ore Deposit, Baia Mare Neogene Ore District, Romania-Genetic Considerations 1 1, 2 3 4,5 Ioan Mârza ,Călin Gabriel Tămas, * , Romulus Tetean , Alina Andreica , Ioan Denut, and Réka Kovács 1,4 1 Babe¸s-BolyaiUniversity, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Department of Geology, 1, M. Kogălniceanu str., Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania; [email protected] (I.M.); [email protected] (R.K.) 2 Babe¸s-BolyaiUniversity, Faculty of Physics, 1, M. Kogălniceanu str., Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania; [email protected] 3 Babe¸s-BolyaiUniversity, Faculty of European Studies, 1, Em. de Martonne, Cluj-Napoca 400090, Romania; [email protected] 4 County Museum of Mineralogy, Bulevardul Traian nr. 8, Baia Mare 430212, Romania; [email protected] 5 Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, North University Centre of Baia Mare, 62A, Dr. Victor Babes, str., Baia Mare 430083, Romania * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +40-264-405-300 (ext. 5216) Received: 24 April 2019; Accepted: 5 June 2019; Published: 8 June 2019 Abstract: White, black, or white and black calcite spheres were discovered during the 20th century within geodes from several Pb-Zn Au-Ag epithermal vein deposits from the Baia Mare ore district, ± Eastern Carpathians, Romania, with the Herja ore deposit being the maiden occurrence. The black or black and white calcite spheres are systematically accompanied by needle-like sulfosalts which are known by the local miners as “plumosite”. The genesis of epithermal spheres composed partly or entirely of black calcite is considered to be related to the deposition of calcite within voids filled by hydrothermal fluids that contain acicular crystals of sulfosalts, mostly jamesonite in suspension. -
Nacre Tablet Thickness Records Formation Temperature in Modern and Fossil Shells
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Nacre tablet thickness records formation temperature in modern and fossil shells Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rf2g647 Authors Gilbert, PUPA Bergmann, KD Myers, CE et al. Publication Date 2017-02-15 DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.012 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Bivalve nacre preserves a physical indicator of paleotemperature Pupa U.P.A Gilbert1,2*, Kristin D. Bergmann3,4, Corinne E. Myers5,6, Ross T. DeVol1, Chang-Yu Sun1, A.Z. Blonsky1, Jessica Zhao2, Elizabeth A. Karan2, Erik Tamre2, Nobumichi Tamura7, Matthew A. Marcus7, Anthony J. Giuffre1, Sarah Lemer5, Gonzalo Giribet5, John M. Eiler8, Andrew H. Knoll3,5 1 University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Physics, Madison WI 53706 USA. 2 Harvard University, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Fellowship Program, Cambridge, MA 02138. 3 Harvard University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138. 4 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138. 5 Harvard University, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge, MA 02138. 6 University of New Mexico, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131. 7 Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. 8 California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Pasadena, CA 91125 * [email protected], previously publishing as Gelsomina De Stasio Abstract: Biomineralizing organisms record chemical information as they build structure, but to date chemical and structural data have been linked in only the most rudimentary of ways. In paleoclimate studies, physical structure is commonly evaluated for evidence of alteration, constraining geochemical interpretation. -
This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached
(This is a sample cover image for this issue. The actual cover is not yet available at this time.) This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Chemical Geology 322–323 (2012) 121–144 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Chemical Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chemgeo The end‐Permian mass extinction: A rapid volcanic CO2 and CH4‐climatic catastrophe Uwe Brand a,⁎, Renato Posenato b, Rosemarie Came c, Hagit Affek d, Lucia Angiolini e, Karem Azmy f, Enzo Farabegoli g a Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada, L2S 3A1 b Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Polo Scientifico-tecnologico, Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara Italy c Department of Earth Sciences, The University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA d Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520–8109 USA e Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via Mangiagalli 34, Università di Milano, 20133 Milan Italy f Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University, St. -
TREATISE ONLINE Number 48
TREATISE ONLINE Number 48 Part N, Revised, Volume 1, Chapter 31: Illustrated Glossary of the Bivalvia Joseph G. Carter, Peter J. Harries, Nikolaus Malchus, André F. Sartori, Laurie C. Anderson, Rüdiger Bieler, Arthur E. Bogan, Eugene V. Coan, John C. W. Cope, Simon M. Cragg, José R. García-March, Jørgen Hylleberg, Patricia Kelley, Karl Kleemann, Jiří Kříž, Christopher McRoberts, Paula M. Mikkelsen, John Pojeta, Jr., Peter W. Skelton, Ilya Tëmkin, Thomas Yancey, and Alexandra Zieritz 2012 Lawrence, Kansas, USA ISSN 2153-4012 (online) paleo.ku.edu/treatiseonline PART N, REVISED, VOLUME 1, CHAPTER 31: ILLUSTRATED GLOSSARY OF THE BIVALVIA JOSEPH G. CARTER,1 PETER J. HARRIES,2 NIKOLAUS MALCHUS,3 ANDRÉ F. SARTORI,4 LAURIE C. ANDERSON,5 RÜDIGER BIELER,6 ARTHUR E. BOGAN,7 EUGENE V. COAN,8 JOHN C. W. COPE,9 SIMON M. CRAgg,10 JOSÉ R. GARCÍA-MARCH,11 JØRGEN HYLLEBERG,12 PATRICIA KELLEY,13 KARL KLEEMAnn,14 JIřÍ KřÍž,15 CHRISTOPHER MCROBERTS,16 PAULA M. MIKKELSEN,17 JOHN POJETA, JR.,18 PETER W. SKELTON,19 ILYA TËMKIN,20 THOMAS YAncEY,21 and ALEXANDRA ZIERITZ22 [1University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA, [email protected]; 2University of South Florida, Tampa, USA, [email protected], [email protected]; 3Institut Català de Paleontologia (ICP), Catalunya, Spain, [email protected], [email protected]; 4Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, [email protected]; 5South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, [email protected]; 6Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, [email protected]; 7North