Behavioral and natural history studies of the jumping spider Habronattus oregonensis and inquiry based secondary laboratory lesson development stemming from university research Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Scheidemantel, Debora Diane, 1957- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 26/09/2021 10:04:12 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278612 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the origuial or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter fiice, while others may be from any type of computer printer. 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Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations spearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Infoiiiiation Compaiqr 300 Motth Zeeb Road, Ann Atbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/76M700 800/521-0600 BEHAVIORAL AND NATURAL HISTORY STUDIES OF THE JUMPING SPIDER HABRONATTUS OREGONENSIS AND INQUIRY BASED SECONDARY LABORATORY LESSON DEVELOPMENT STEMMING FROM UNIVERSITY RESEARCH by Debora Diane Scheidemantel Copyright © Debora Diane Scheidemantel 1996 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE WITH A MAJOR IN GENERAL BIOLOGY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1996 UMX Niimber: 1386615 Copyright 1996 by Scheidemantel, Debora Diane All rights reserved. UMI Microform 1386615 Copyright 1997, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations &om this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED:^)cJl/jWjc.yrL/y.rJU L APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: /f^ayne P. Maddison Date Profession of Ecologr and Evolutionary Biology TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LISTOFHOURES 6 LIST OF TABLES 8 ABSTRACT 9 CHAPTER! BACKGROUND INFORMATION 10 INTRODUCTION 10 THE STUDY SPECIES AND STUDY SITE 11 CARE OF LIVING SPDIERS 13 BEHAVIORAL REPERTOIRE DEFINITION OF BEHAVIORS 14 CHAPTER 2: POPULATION DENSITY 18 INTRODUCTION 18 METHODS 19 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 20 CHAPTER 3: PATTERNS OF BEHAVIORAL ACTIVITY 24 INTRODUCTION 24 METHODS 24 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 26 FEEDING 33 4 COLLECTION DATA 34 CHAPTER 4: AGONISTIC BEHAVIORAL STUDIES 63 INTRODUCTION 63 METHODS 64 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 66 CONCLUSION 69 CHAPTER 5: COURTSHIP AND MATING 90 INTRODUCTION 90 METHODS 90 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 91 CHAPTER 6: BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY CURRICULA FOR THE SECONDARY SCIENCE CLASSROOM - LESSON PLANS BASED ON UNIVERSITY RESEARCH 96 INTRODUCTION AND RATIONAL 96 LESSON OUTLINE 97 NOTES TO TEACHERS 98 INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE TEACHER 98 SPIDERS IN THE CLASSROOM 104 MAJOR CONCEPTS AND OBJECTIVES FOR STUDENTS 105 EQUffMENT AND SUPPLIES 106 STUDENT MATERIALS-OBSERVING SPIDERS 107 SPECIAL SPIDERS TOOLS 110 STUDENT DESIGNED EXPERIMENT SPIDER STUDY Ill DO SPIDERS LIMIT PREY POPULATION NUMBERS? CLASS EXPERIMENT 114 SURVIVAL SPECL\L THE AMAZING WORLD OF SPIDERS VIDEO .. 117 HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT 119 UNIT TEST PREDATOR-PREY POPULATION STUDY 120 ASSESSMENT OUTLINE 125 ASSESSMENT 126 COLLECTING SPIDER SPECIMENS 126 OBSERVATIONS 126 STUDENT EXPERIMENT 127 PREY DATA 128 CLASS EXPERIMENT 128 HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT 129 SURVIVAL SPECIAL THE AMAZING WORLD OF SPIDERS VIDEO ANSWERS 130 ANSWER KEY FOR UNIT TEST 132 SPIDER UNIT FIELD STUDY EVALUATION QUESTIONS FOR THE TEACHER 135 SPIDER LAB STUDENT SURVEY QUESTIONS 142 STUDENT RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTIONS RESULT FROM PERIODS 3,4,6, AND 7 145 APPENDDCA: SPIDER GUIDE 156 LITERATURE CITED 159 6 LIST OF HGURES FIGURE 2.1, Fifteen spiders captured, marked, and released on June 20, 1994 22 FIGURE 2.2, Thirteen spiders captured on June 22, 1994 23 FIGURE 3.1a, Male Field Time Budget excluding nest time 38 FIGURE 3.1b, Male Field Time Budget active and hidden behaviors compared 39 FIGURE 3.1c, Male Field Time Budget including nesting 40 FIGURE 3.2a, Female Field Time Budget excluding nest time 41 FIGURE 3.2b, Female Field Time Budget active and hidden behaviors compared ... 42 FIGURE 3.2c, Female Field Time Budget including nesting 43 FIGURE 3.3a, Juvenile Field Time Budget excluding nest time 44 FIGURE 3.3b, Juvenile Field Time Budget active and hidden behaviors compared .. 45 FIGURE 3.3c, Juvenile Field Time Budget including nesting 46 FIGURE 3.4a, Aquarium 1 Male Time Budget including nest time 48 FIGURE 3.4b, Aquarium 1 Male Time Budget excluding nest time 49 FIGURE 3.5a, Aquarium 1 Female Time Budget including nest time 50 FIGURE 3.5b, Aquarium 1 Female Time Budget excluding nest time 51 FIGURE 3.6a, Aquarium 2 Male Time Budget including nest time 52 FIGURE 3.6b, Aquarium 2 Male Time Budget excluding nesting time 53 FIGURE 3.7a, Aquarium 2 Female Time Budget including nest time 54 FIGURE 3.7b, Aquarium 2 Female Time Budget excluding nest time 55 FIGURE 3.8, H. oregonensis collected or observed by time 1994 59 FIGURE 3.9, H. oregonensis collected or observed by time 1995 60 7 LIST OF FIGURES—Continued FIGURE 3.10, H. oregonensis collected or observed by time 1996 61 FIGURE oregonensis collected or observed by time 94,95, and 96 62 FIGURE 4.1, Non resident male pairs 71 FIGURE 4.2a, Resident male and intruder pairs 72 FIGURE 4.2b, Resident males and intruders percent win grouped by weight 73 FIGURE 4.2c, Male resident compared to intruders less than or equal to 0.3 mg ... 74 FIGURE 4.2d, Male resident compared to intruders plus or minus 0.3 mg 75 FIGURE 4.2e, Male resident compared to intruders more than 0.3 mg 76 FIGURE 4.3, Non resident female pairs 77 FIGURE 4.4, Resident females and intruder pairs 78 FIGURE 4.4b, Resident females and intruders percent win grouped by weight 79 FIGURE 4.4c, Female resident compared to intruders less than or equal to 0.3 mg .. 80 FIGURE 4.4d, Female resident compared to intruders plus or minus 0.3 mg 81 FIGURE 4.4e, Female resident compared to intruders more than 0.3 mg 82 FIGURE 5.1, Courtship Display and Mating 93 8 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 3.1, Summaiy of field observation data for male spiders 35 TABLE 3.2, Summary of field observation data for female spiders 36 TABLE 3.3, Summary of data firom field observations for juvenile spiders 37 TABLE 3.4, Aquarium Observations Data Summary 47 TABLE 3.5, Feeding Data 56 TABLE 3.6, Collection/Observations made by time of day 1994 57 TABLE 3.7, Collection/Observations made by time of day 1995 57 TABLE 3.8, Collection/Observations made by time of day 1996 58 TABLE 3.9, Collection/Observations made by time of day three years combined ... 58 TABLE 4.1, Statistical comparison of agonistic encounters 83 TABLE 4.2, Agonistic behavioral studies non-resident male pairs data 84 TABLE 4.3, Agom'stic behavioral studies resident males data 86 TABLE 4.4, Agonistic behavioral studies non-resident female pairs data 88 TABLE 4.5, Agonistic behavioral studies resident females data 89 TABLE 5.1, Summary of Courtships data 94 TABLE 5.2, Egg laying in H. oregonensis 95 ABSTRACT This stu(fy was conducted to determine behavior patterns of the jumping spider Habronattus oregonensis. Time budgets show that the spiders spend their time out and about, eating, interacting with other spiders, and in hidden behaviors. Agonistic encounters occur in the field and were staged in the laboratory. Whether a spider keeps control of the area is determined differently for males than females. In male-male interactions, the size of the spider as measured by weight is important in winning a skirmish regardless of familiarity with an area (residency). For female-female agom'stic interactions, however, residency does affect the outcome. In interactions between male- female pairs, the male readily courts the female. Mature virgin females readily accept a mate; other females do not Finally, experiences from university research were used to develop lesson plans for student study at the secondary level in biology classrooms. 10 CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND INFORMATION INTRODUCTION Over 30,000 species of spiders have been collected, identified, classified, (Foelix 1982), and their anatomical features and biological flmctions scrutinized, but most have not been fully studied from a behavioral standpoint Habronattus oregonensis is one such spider.