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Typology and Functions of Courtyard in Malaysian Terrace House

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Typology and Functions of Courtyard in Malaysian Terrace House TYPOLOGY AND FUNCTIONS OF COURTYARD IN MALAYSIAN TERRACE HOUSE BY MOHD HAZWAN BIN HAMIDI A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science (Built Environment) Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design International Islamic University Malaysia JULY 2016 ABSTRACT Housing is a microcosm of a civilization where human are nurtured under a specific environment. In Malaysia, due to the urbanization phenomena, terrace housing scheme adopted from Great Britain were introduced. The need of the space becomes a major consideration in utilizing the limited land plot for housing development. Through the evolution of the houses design over more than 56 years, several issues were highlighted such as poor ventilation, low indoor quality and poor day lighting. Design intervention by re-introducing the courtyard into the terrace housing scheme seems to be partly unsuccessful attempt. The core problem lies on generalization of courtyard design in Malaysian terrace house which lead to the failure in courtyard function. This study infers that the function of courtyard might be influenced either by design typology or by the users. In identifying the said factors the research uses two approaches by investigating the tangible factor through the observation process and the intangible factors through the feedback from the user’s perception. Adoption of three methods of analysis which are the space syntax analysis, semantic differential analysis and statistical analysis are aimed to investigate the factors influencing courtyard function. Traditionally, Malaysian terrace courtyard houses have more than one courtyard within a house. In the analysis of the present terraces courtyard house, the finding found 3 distinctive typology of courtyard house; front, middle and rear courtyard. The study also shows relationship between courtyard type and courtyard function. As far as Malaysian terrace courtyard house is concern, the front courtyard is used for public space while the middle courtyard is for family gathering space and the rear courtyard serve as service courtyard. ii ملخص البحث ABSTRACT IN ARABIC اﻹسكان هو قسم صغري من احلضارة، وهو مكان خاص أنشأ فيه الناس يف بيئة خاصة. ويف ماليزاي، بسبب ظاهرة تطوير املدن، فقّدم مشروع إسكان الشرفة املأخوذ من اململكة املتحدة. فاحلاجة إىل املسافة تكون سبب رئيسي يف استخدام أرض حمدد لتنمية اﻹسكان. وعرب التغريات يف تصميم البيوت ملدة أكثر من 56 سنة، لوجد بعض املشكﻻت مثل ضعف التهوية وقلة جودة الداخل وضعف اﻹانرة النهارية. إن التدخل التصميمي إبعادة تقدمي الساحة يف مشروع إسكان الشرفة هي شيء غري انجح. واملشكلة الرئيسية تبدأ من عمومية تصميم الساحة يف بيوت الشرفة املاليزية اليت تؤدي إىل فشال وظيفة الساحة. فهذا البحث استدل على أن وظيفة الساحة ميكن أن تتأثر سواء كان بنموذجة التصميم أو مبستخدم. فإن البحث يستخدم منهجني ﻻكتشاف السبب املذكور سابقا، ومها البحث عن السبب احملسوس عرب عملية املﻻحظة والسبب غري احملسوس عرب اﻻستجابة من مﻻحظة املستخدم. وتطبيق ثﻻثة مناهج التحليل وهي حتليل تركيب املسافة وحتليل التفاضل السيمانطيقي والتحليل اﻹحصائي يُستخدم يف فحص أسباب اليت تؤثر إىل وظيفة الساحة. وتقليداي، كان بيوت الشرفة مع الساحة يف ماليزاي حتتوي على أكثر من الساحة الواحدة يف بيت واحد. ويف حتليل الساحة املوجودة يف بيوت الشرفة احلالية، لوجد أن هناك ثﻻثة أنواع الساحة، وهي الساحة يف اﻷمام والساحة يف الوسط والساحة يف الوراء. وهذا البحث أيضا يشري إىل العﻻقة بني نوع الساحة ووظيفتها. ويف ماليزاي، الساحة يف اﻷمام ت ُستخدم لﻻستعمال العام، والساحة يف الوسط هي مكان ﻻجتماع اﻷسرة واﻷهل، أما الساحة يف الوراء تُستخدم للخدمات املنزلية. iii APPROVAL PAGE I certify that I have supervised and read this study and that in my opinion; it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Master of Science in Built Environment. …………………………………….. Abd Razak Sapian Supervisor …………………………………….. Zuraini Denan Supervisor I certify that I have read this study and that in my opinion it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Master of Science in Built Environment. …………………………………….. Zaiton Abd. Rahim Examiner …………………………………….. Ahmad Hariza Hashim Examiner This dissertation was submitted to the Department of Architecture and is accepted as a fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Built Environment. …………………………………….. Rosniza Othman Head, Department of Architecture This dissertation was submitted to the Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design and is accepted as a fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Built Environment. …………………………………….. Alias Abdullah Dean, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design iv DECLARATION I hereby declare that this dissertation is the result of my own investigation, except where otherwise stated. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted as a whole for any other degrees at IIUM or other institutions. Mohd Hazwan bin Hamidi Signature…………………....………. Date …….………………. v COPYRIGHT INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA DECLARATION OF COPYRIGHT AND AFFIRMATION OF FAIR USE OF UNPUBLISHED RESEARCH TYPOLOGY AND FUNCTIONS OF COURTYARD IN MALAYSIAN TERRACE HOUSE I declare that the copyright holder of this dissertation are jointly owned by the student and IIUM. Copyright © 2016 Mohd Hazwan bin Hamidi and International Islamic University Malaysia. All rights reserved. No part of this unpublished research may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the copyright holder except as provided below 1. Any material contained in or derived from this unpublished research may be used by others in their writing with due acknowledgement. 2. IIUM or its library will have the right to make and transmit copies (print or electronic) for institutional and academic purposes. 3. The IIUM library will have the right to make, store in a retrieved system and supply copies of this unpublished research if requested by other universities and research libraries. By signing this form, I acknowledged that I have read and understand the IIUM Intellectual Property Right and Commercialization policy. Affirmed by Mohd Hazwan bin Hamidi ……..…………………….. ……………………….. Signature Date vi DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my beloved parents vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Alhamdulillah, all praise is due to Allah S.W.T for his blessing who made all things possible for me to complete my research. Salawat and salam to Prophet Muhammad P.B.U.H; the Seal of all Messenger. I would like to express my appreciation to my supervisors, Professor Ar. Dr. Abd Razak Sapian and Assistant Professor Dr. Zuraini Denan for their guidance and supervision from the initial to the final level. My heartfelt gratitude also goes to the following persons: Lecturers in Department of Architecture, internal examiner and external examiner for their assistant and valuable comments for the vital improvement of the research. Next, thank you to all those respondents in Penang, Kuala Lumpur and Melaka who co-operated with the conduct of questionnaire survey and who allowing themselves to be interviewed and providing the required data to support this research. I am also thankful to my postgraduate colleague especially Mohd Faiz Bin Musa and Syakir Amir Abd Rahman for his continous help and sharing opinion. To my parents, my siblings, my aunt and uncle, my friend (Hasbi Sodiqin); thank you for the understanding and moral support given to me. Last but not least, this research would not have been possible without the help from my student in Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia. It is hope that my research could give a benefit in improving the design quality for urban housing in Malaysia. Insyaallah. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ........................................................................................................................ ii Abstract in Arabic ........................................................................................................ iii Approval Page .............................................................................................................. iv Declaration ................................................................................................................... v Copyright ..................................................................................................................... vi Dedication .................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... viii List of Tables ............................................................................................................... xiii List of Figures .............................................................................................................. xvi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Research Background ................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 Issue of Courtyard in Malaysia Terrace Houses. .............................. 2 1.3 Problem Statement .....................................................................................
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