DOCSLIB.ORG

(Vertebrata: Chondrichthyes) Off the Mexican Pacific Coast Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad, Vol

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Vertebrata: Chondrichthyes) Off the Mexican Pacific Coast Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad, Vol Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio; Castro-Aguirre, José Luis; Balart, Eduardo F.; Campos-Dávila, Lucía; Vélez- Marín, Rafael New specimens and records of chondrichthyan fishes (Vertebrata: Chondrichthyes) off the Mexican Pacific coast Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 81, núm. 2, 2010, pp. 363-371 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42516001011 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 81: 363- 371, 2010 New specimens and records of chondrichthyan fi shes (Vertebrata: Chondrichthyes) off the Mexican Pacifi c coast Nuevos ejemplares y nuevos registros de peces cartilaginosos (Vertebrata: Chondrichthyes) de la costa del Pacífi co mexicano Gorgonio Ruiz-Campos1*, José Luis Castro-Aguirre2, Eduardo F. Balart3, Lucía Campos-Dávila3 and Rafael Vélez-Marín4 1Colección Ictiológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Apartado postal 233, 22800 Ensenada, Baja California, México. 2Departamento de Pesquerías y Biología Marina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Apartado postal 592, 23000 La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. 3Colección Ictiológica, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Apartado postal 128, 23090 La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. 4Centro Regional de Investigación Pesquera-Instituto Nacional de la Pesca. Playa Ventanas s/n Carretera a la Termoeléctrica, 28200 Manzanillo, Colima, México. *Correspondent: [email protected] Abstract. New specimens and new records of occurrence for 10 species of chondrichthyan (elasmobranch and chimaeroid) fi shes previously unknown or little documented for the continental shelf of the Mexican Pacifi c are reported. This contribution provides the fi rst record of Centroscyllium nigrum, Isurus paucus, and Bathyraja trachura for the Mexican Pacifi c, as well as new specimens of Hydrolagus colliei, Hexanchus griseus, Echinorhinus cookei, Pseudocarcharias kamoharai, and Raja velezi for the western coast of the Baja California Peninsula, including the intermediate record within the known distribution range for Apristurus kampae, and the southernmost record for Raja inornata. Key words: sharks, skates, chimaeras, Baja California Peninsula, eastern Pacifi c, Mexico. Resumen. Se reportan nuevos ejemplares y nuevos registros de concurrencia para 10 especies de elasmobranquios previamente desconocidos o con muy poca documentación en aguas del Pacífi co mexicano. Esta contribución ofrece el primer registro de Centroscyllium nigrum, Isurus paucus, y Bathyraja trachura en el Pacífi co mexicano; así como nuevos ejemplares de Hydrolagus colliei, Hexanchus griseus, Echinorhinus cookei, Pseudocarcharias kamoharai y Raja velezi en la costa occidental de la península de Baja California, con la inclusión del registro intermedio en el ámbito de distribución conocida para Apristurus kampae, y el registro más meridional para Raja inornata. Palabras clave: tiburones, rayas, quimeras, península de Baja California, Pacífi co oriental, México. Introduction and Myers, 2004; Robbins et al., 2006). Knowledge of the species richness of sharks and other cartilaginous fi sh in Regarding biodiversity, the Pacifi c coast of Mexico a geographical region should be the initial basis for any has undergone numerous surveys at different spatial scales program of sustained conservation over the long term. and seasons (cf. Salazar-Vallejo and González, 1993). Here, we present new data and records of some previously The cartilaginous fi shes or chondrichthyans, especially unknown or little known species of cartilaginous fi sh that sharks and skates (subclass Elasmobranchii), represent inhabit deep and near-surface waters along the Mexican an important natural resource of great interest to coastal Pacifi c coast. fi sheries in Mexico, with approximately 104 species of sharks (Espinosa Pérez et al., 2004) and 87 forms of skates (Castro-Aguirre and Espinosa Pérez, 1996), but Materials and methods excessive fi shing efforts has led to population declines in many species of this highly specialized group (Baum Specimens of the 10 species reported here were obtained from different dates and sites along the continental Recibido: 14 octubre 2008; aceptado: 28 agosto 2009 shelf of the Mexican Pacifi c ocean (Fig. 1), on board the 364 Ruiz-Campos et al.- Records of chondrichthyan fi shes off the Mexican Pacifi c coast Figure 1. Map showing the new records of chondrichthyes in the Pacifi c of Mexico. 1, Hydrolagus colliei; 2, Hexanchus griseus; 3, Echinorhinus cookei; 4, Centroscyllium nigrum; 5, Pseudocarcharias kamoharai; 6, Isurus paucus; 7, Apristurus kampae; 8, Bathyraja trachura; 9, Raja inornata, and 10, Raja velezi (cf. Table 1 for details of sites and specimens). Taxonomic summary Material examined. A 392 mm long (tail fi lament absent) male spotted ratfi sh (CIBN-4339; Fig. 2A) collected off Bahía Sebastián Vizcaíno (28°37.934’N, 114°52.402’W; Fig. 1: 1a) on 15 March 2007 at 117 m depth. This ratfi sh was taken during a study of stock assessment of demersal fi sh and macroinvertebrates along the western coast of the Baja California peninsula aboard the R/V BIP XII. A female specimen of 362 mm TL (CIBN-2083) collected following vessels of research (R/V) or fi shing (F/V): R/V on 20 May 1995 at 28°38.638’N, 115°07.619’W (Fig. 1: BIP XII, R/V BIP II, R/V El Puma, F/V Tiburón II, F/V 1b) using bottom trawling at 160 m depth by the R/V “El Pacifi c Breeze, F/V Royal Venture, and F/V Marfl ota III. Puma”. Several types of fi shing gear were used for the collecting The known distribution of spotted ratfi sh is from the of specimens, such as demersal traps, long line and western Gulf of Alaska (Mecklenburg et al., 2002) to near shrimp trawl nets (see species account for more details on Punta Prieta off the outer coast of the Baja California the collection methods). Fishes were fi xed with a 10% Peninsula (26°59’N, 114°02’W and 27°01’N, 114°02’W) formalin solution (buffered with sodium borate), washed, (González-Acosta et al., 1999). Other authors considered preserved in 50% isopropanol, identifi ed in the laboratory, Bahía Sebastian Vizcaíno (28°40’N, 114°17’W and and fi nally catalogued and deposited in the following fi sh 27°51’N, 115°05’W) and Isla Cedros as the southernmost collections: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California limits (Miller and Lea, 1972; Knaggs et al., 1975). Previous (UABC) at Ensenada, Baja California, the Centro reports of this species in Mexican waters include the Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas-Instituto Politécnico central part of the Gulf of California northward, including Nacional (CICIMAR-CI), La Paz, Baja California Sur, Isla Tiburón (Baldwin, 1961; Mathews, 1975) and Bahía and the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste de La Paz (Balart et al., 1995). (CIBN), La Paz, Baja California Sur. The nomenclature and taxonomic arrangement followed Nelson et al. (2004). Order Hexanchiformes For each species or specimen(s), we provide examined Family Hexanchidae material that includes information on total length (mm), Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788). Bluntnose sixgill collecting site (geographic coordinates), date and name shark. of the fi shing boat, and depth of catch (m); as well as Taxonomic summary comments regarding the known distribution range, taxonomic and biogeographic aspects and other data about Material examined. A small female 712 mm long bluntnose the taxon. sixgill shark (CIBN-4338; Fig. 2B) collected with a shrimp trawl net off Bahía Sebastián Vizcaíno (28°50.808’N, 114°42.773’W, Fig. 1: 2) on 20 March 2007 at 85 m Results depth. This specimen was obtained during a study of stock assessment of demersal fi sh and macroinvertebrates aboard Ten species belonging to 8 families and 6 orders of the R/V BIP XII. cartilaginous fi shes were collected and described as This species has a patchy distribution worldwide follows. (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1948; Compagno et al., 2005). In the eastern Pacifi c, it has been recorded from the Aleutian Order Chimaeriformes Islands to Bahía de Todos Santos in the northern part of the Family Chimaeridae Baja California Peninsula (31°46’N, 116°45’W) (Miller Hydrolagus colliei (Lay and Bennett, 1839). Spotted ratfi sh. and Lea, 1972; Compagno, 1984; Ebert, 1986; Meckenburg Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 81: 363- 371, 2010 365 et al., 2002) and in Chile (Chirichigno and Vélez, 1998). while fi shing for sablefi sh Anoplopoma fi mbria. The fi rst Castro-Aguirre et al. (2003) recorded this species off specimen, a 406 mm female (UABC-1286; Fig 2D) was Bahía Magdalena-Almejas (25°26.9’N; 113°3.4’W). The caught 137 km west-southwest of Ensenada (at 31°29.97’N, bluntnose sixgill shark is considered as a “lower risk near- 118°08.12’W, Fig. 1: 4) on 9 October 2001. The other 2 threatened species” in the 2007 IUCN Red List. female specimens (UABC-1282, 466 mm; CICIMAR-CI- 6377, 410 mm) were caught on the same date about 173 km Order Squaliformes west of Punta Santo Tomás (at 31°32.61’N, 118°7.07’W). Family Echinorhinidae The catch depth for the 3 specimens was ~900 m. Echinorhinus cookei Pietschmann, 1928. Prickly shark. Records of Centrophorus granulosus in Southern California (e.g., SIO-84-40, Santa Catalina Basin, Taxonomic summary 33°05.6’N, 117°59.3’W, depth 1 000 m) are probably C. Material examined. A female 2 940 mm long captured nigrum, which was recently found off the Pacifi c coast of with a long line near the surface on 26 March 1987 at Colombia by Rubio et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Shark Cartilage, Cancer and the Growing Threat of Pseudoscience
    [CANCER RESEARCH 64, 8485–8491, December 1, 2004] Review Shark Cartilage, Cancer and the Growing Threat of Pseudoscience Gary K. Ostrander,1 Keith C. Cheng,2 Jeffrey C. Wolf,3 and Marilyn J. Wolfe3 1Department of Biology and Department of Comparative Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; 2Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and 3Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Sterling, Virginia Abstract primary justification for using crude shark cartilage extracts to treat cancer is based on the misconception that sharks do not, or infre- The promotion of crude shark cartilage extracts as a cure for cancer quently, develop cancer. Other justifications represent overextensions has contributed to at least two significant negative outcomes: a dramatic of experimental observations: concentrated extracts of cartilage can decline in shark populations and a diversion of patients from effective cancer treatments. An alleged lack of cancer in sharks constitutes a key inhibit tumor vessel formation and tumor invasions (e.g., refs. 2–5). justification for its use. Herein, both malignant and benign neoplasms of No available data or arguments support the medicinal use of crude sharks and their relatives are described, including previously unreported shark extracts to treat cancer (6). cases from the Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals, and two sharks with The claims that sharks do not, or rarely, get cancer was originally two cancers each. Additional justifications for using shark cartilage are argued by I. William Lane in a book entitled “Sharks Don’t Get illogical extensions of the finding of antiangiogenic and anti-invasive Cancer” in 1992 (7), publicized in “60 Minutes” television segments substances in cartilage.
    [Show full text]
  • Sharks for the Aquarium and Considerations for Their Selection1 Alexis L
    FA179 Sharks for the Aquarium and Considerations for Their Selection1 Alexis L. Morris, Elisa J. Livengood, and Frank A. Chapman2 Introduction The Lore of the Shark Sharks are magnificent animals and an exciting group Though it has been some 35 years since the shark in Steven of fishes. As a group, sharks, rays, and skates belong to Spielberg’s Jaws bit into its first unsuspecting ocean swim- the biological taxonomic class called Chondrichthyes, or mer and despite the fact that the risk of shark-bite is very cartilaginous fishes (elasmobranchs). The entire supporting small, fear of sharks still makes some people afraid to swim structure of these fish is composed primarily of cartilage in the ocean. (The chance of being struck by lightning is rather than bone. There are some 400 described species of greater than the chance of shark attack.) The most en- sharks, which come in all different sizes from the 40-foot- grained shark image that comes to a person’s mind is a giant long whale shark (Rhincodon typus) to the 2-foot-long conical snout lined with multiple rows of teeth efficient at marble catshark (Atelomycterus macleayi). tearing, chomping, or crushing prey, and those lifeless and staring eyes. The very adaptations that make sharks such Although sharks have been kept in public aquariums successful predators also make some people unnecessarily since the 1860s, advances in marine aquarium systems frightened of them. This is unfortunate, since sharks are technology and increased understanding of shark biology interesting creatures and much more than ill-perceived and husbandry now allow hobbyists to maintain and enjoy mindless eating machines.
    [Show full text]
  • Causes of Mortality in a Harbor Seal Population at Equilibrium
    fmars-07-00319 May 11, 2020 Time: 19:31 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 13 May 2020 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00319 Causes of Mortality in a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) Population at Equilibrium Elizabeth A. Ashley1, Jennifer K. Olson2, Tessa E. Adler3, Stephen Raverty4, Eric M. Anderson5,3, Steven Jeffries6 and Joseph K. Gaydos1* 1 The SeaDoc Society, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, Eastsound, WA, United States, 2 The Whale Museum, Friday Harbor, WA, United States, 3 Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA, United States, 4 Animal Health Centre, British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada, 5 Ecological Restoration Program, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, BC, Canada, 6 Marine Mammal Investigations, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Tacoma, WA, United States The harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) population in the Salish Sea has been at equilibrium since the mid-1990s. This stable population of marine mammals resides relatively close to shore near a large human population and offers a novel opportunity to evaluate whether disease acts in a density-dependent manner to limit population growth. We conducted a retrospective analysis of harbor seal stranding and necropsy findings in the San Juan Islands sub-population to assess age-related stranding trends Edited by: Alastair Martin Mitri Baylis, and causes of mortality. Between January 01, 2002 and December 31, 2018, we South Atlantic Environmental detected 882 harbor seals that stranded and died in San Juan County and conducted Research Institute, Falkland Islands necropsies on 244 of these animals to determine primary and contributing causes Reviewed by: of death.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of Swimming Speed of the Pacific Sleeper Shark Somniosus
    Journal of the Marine First record of swimming speed of the Pacific Biological Association of the United Kingdom sleeper shark Somniosus pacificus using a baited camera array cambridge.org/mbi Yoshihiro Fujiwara , Yasuyuki Matsumoto, Takumi Sato, Masaru Kawato and Shinji Tsuchida Original Article Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan Cite this article: Fujiwara Y, Matsumoto Y, Sato T, Kawato M, Tsuchida S (2021). First record of swimming speed of the Pacific Abstract sleeper shark Somniosus pacificus using a baited camera array. Journal of the Marine The Pacific sleeper shark Somniosus pacificus is one of the largest predators in deep Suruga Biological Association of the United Kingdom Bay, Japan. A single individual of the sleeper shark (female, ∼300 cm in total length) was 101, 457–464. https://doi.org/10.1017/ observed with two baited camera systems deployed simultaneously on the deep seafloor in S0025315421000321 the bay. The first arrival was recorded 43 min after the deployment of camera #1 on 21 July 2016 at a depth of 609 m. The shark had several remarkable features, including the Received: 26 July 2020 Revised: 14 April 2021 snout tangled in a broken fishing line, two torn anteriormost left-gill septums, and a parasitic Accepted: 14 April 2021 copepod attached to each eye. The same individual appeared at camera #2, which was First published online: 18 May 2021 deployed at a depth of 603 m, ∼37 min after it disappeared from camera #1 view. Finally, the same shark returned to camera #1 ∼31 min after leaving camera #2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shark Tagger 1992 Summary
    THE SHARK TAGGER 1992 SUMMARY ' Newsletter of the Cooperative Shark Tagging Program PHOTO BY H. W. PRATT In this issue: • 1992 A Milestone Year - 100,000th Shark Tagged • Record Number of Sharks Tagged (8451) and Recaptured (506) in 1992 • Sandbar Shark Recaptured after 24.9 Years • Second Trans-Atlantic Recapture of a Mako Shark -la ~ • Tagged Blue Shark Crosses Equator ~ Q N.M.F.S. (j(j Vo,.1.. 111~ • Porbeagle Sharks Recaptured after 4, 6, and 8 l'' SHARI.'- Years • Record Distance for Bignose Shark - 1800 1992 Overview Miles - New Jersey to Texas The number offish released (8451) and returned (506) In • 38% of Recaptured Blue Sharks Released Again 1992 ls the highest for any year In the three decade long Cooperative Shark Tagging Program. In addition, the one • Pregnant Mako Shark with 14 Pups Examined hundred thousandth shark was tagged In 1992 adding another mtlestone. Identification of that particular shark and acknowledgement of the individual tagger would be Approximately 400 new taggers Joined the Tagging Pro- dtfficult as hundreds of tags are used along the U.S. East gram this year. We arc Including a brief overview oftaggtng Coast on any particular day. Recognition for this outstand- studies and the results to date of our Tagging Program to Ing accomplishment deservedly goes to every member of the familiarize new members with our research. Program who ever put a tag In a fish. In addition to the Tagging studies are useful to characterize the sharks In thousandsofcooperatlngftshermenandsclentlsts, wewould an area In terms of species. sex, and size; to help define Uketoacknowledgethemanysportclubs.
    [Show full text]
  • Tiger Shark (Galeocerdo Cuvier) on the East Coast of Australia
    The biology and ecology of the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) on the east coast of Australia. Bonnie Jane Holmes BSc (Hons) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2015 School of Biological Sciences ABSTRACT The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) (Péron and Lesueur 1822) is the largest of the carcharhinids, with a circumglobal distribution in both tropical and warm temperate coastal and pelagic waters. In the western Pacific, G. cuvier movements are wide-ranging, encompassing the east coast of Australia and south Pacific Islands. Throughout the region, G. cuvier is exposed to a range of commercial, recreational, artisanal and illegal foreign fishery impacts, as both a target and by-product species. Listed as ‘near threatened’ on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, suitable long term species-specific catch, catch rate and biological data are seldom available for large shark species like G. cuvier, particularly where historical commercial fishery logbook reporting has been poor. Shark control programs targeting large sharks along Australia’s east coast have been in operation for over 60 years, using relatively standardised fishing gear in nearshore waters all year round, with historical catch and effort data recorded by shark contractors. Historical catch, catch rate and biological data collected through the Queensland Shark Control Program (QSCP) since 1993 were investigated, which revealed significant declines (p < 0.05) in catch rates of G. cuvier at some tropical and all sub-tropical locations along the Queensland coast. Significant temporal declines in the average size of G. cuvier also occurred at four of the nine locations analysed (p < 0.05), which could be indicative of fishing reducing abundance in these areas.
    [Show full text]
  • 03 07049 Sharks.Qxd:CFN 122(2) 11/4/09 10:08 AM Page 124
    03_07049_sharks.qxd:CFN 122(2) 11/4/09 10:08 AM Page 124 Abundance Trends for Hexanchus griseus, Bluntnose Sixgill Shark, and Hydrolagus colliei, Spotted Ratfish, Counted at an Automated Underwater Observation Station in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia ROBERT DUNBRACK Biology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3X9 Canada; e- mail: dunbrack@ mun.ca Dunbrack, Robert. 2008. Abundance trends for Hexanchus griseus, Bluntnose Sixgill Shark, and Hydrolagus colliei, Spotted Ratfish, counted at an automated underwater observation station in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Canadian Field-Naturalist 122(2): 124-128. Recordings from a time lapse video monitoring station on a shallow rocky reef in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, revealed a steep and continuous decline in the occurrence of Hexanchus griseus (Bluntnose Sixgill Shark) between 2001 and 2007, with relative abundance in 2006 and 2007 less than 1% of that in 2001. The relative abundance of another chondrichthyan, Hydrolagus colliei (Spotted Ratfish), decreased to 15% of 2004 levels in 2005 and 2006 and remained below 25% in 2007. There is no compelling explanation for these decreases. Over the past 25 years water temperatures have increased in the Strait of Georgia and there have been a number of El Niño warm water events, but diver observations of H. griseus at this site over the same time period give no indication of prior changes in abundance. Neither species is targeted by a fishery, but injuries, possibly related to hooking and entanglement, observed in 28% of individually identified H. griseus suggests this species may be taken locally as bycatch.
    [Show full text]
  • Humboldt Bay Fishes
    Humboldt Bay Fishes ><((((º>`·._ .·´¯`·. _ .·´¯`·. ><((((º> ·´¯`·._.·´¯`·.. ><((((º>`·._ .·´¯`·. _ .·´¯`·. ><((((º> Acknowledgements The Humboldt Bay Harbor District would like to offer our sincere thanks and appreciation to the authors and photographers who have allowed us to use their work in this report. Photography and Illustrations We would like to thank the photographers and illustrators who have so graciously donated the use of their images for this publication. Andrey Dolgor Dan Gotshall Polar Research Institute of Marine Sea Challengers, Inc. Fisheries And Oceanography [email protected] [email protected] Michael Lanboeuf Milton Love [email protected] Marine Science Institute [email protected] Stephen Metherell Jacques Moreau [email protected] [email protected] Bernd Ueberschaer Clinton Bauder [email protected] [email protected] Fish descriptions contained in this report are from: Froese, R. and Pauly, D. Editors. 2003 FishBase. Worldwide Web electronic publication. http://www.fishbase.org/ 13 August 2003 Photographer Fish Photographer Bauder, Clinton wolf-eel Gotshall, Daniel W scalyhead sculpin Bauder, Clinton blackeye goby Gotshall, Daniel W speckled sanddab Bauder, Clinton spotted cusk-eel Gotshall, Daniel W. bocaccio Bauder, Clinton tube-snout Gotshall, Daniel W. brown rockfish Gotshall, Daniel W. yellowtail rockfish Flescher, Don american shad Gotshall, Daniel W. dover sole Flescher, Don stripped bass Gotshall, Daniel W. pacific sanddab Gotshall, Daniel W. kelp greenling Garcia-Franco, Mauricio louvar
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of Swimming Speed of the Pacific Sleeper Shark Somniosus
    Journal of the Marine First record of swimming speed of the Pacific Biological Association of the United Kingdom sleeper shark Somniosus pacificus using a baited camera array cambridge.org/mbi Yoshihiro Fujiwara , Yasuyuki Matsumoto, Takumi Sato, Masaru Kawato and Shinji Tsuchida Original Article Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan Cite this article: Fujiwara Y, Matsumoto Y, Sato T, Kawato M, Tsuchida S (2021). First record of swimming speed of the Pacific Abstract sleeper shark Somniosus pacificus using a baited camera array. Journal of the Marine The Pacific sleeper shark Somniosus pacificus is one of the largest predators in deep Suruga Biological Association of the United Kingdom Bay, Japan. A single individual of the sleeper shark (female, ∼300 cm in total length) was 101, 457–464. https://doi.org/10.1017/ observed with two baited camera systems deployed simultaneously on the deep seafloor in S0025315421000321 the bay. The first arrival was recorded 43 min after the deployment of camera #1 on 21 July 2016 at a depth of 609 m. The shark had several remarkable features, including the Received: 26 July 2020 Revised: 14 April 2021 snout tangled in a broken fishing line, two torn anteriormost left-gill septums, and a parasitic Accepted: 14 April 2021 copepod attached to each eye. The same individual appeared at camera #2, which was First published online: 18 May 2021 deployed at a depth of 603 m, ∼37 min after it disappeared from camera #1 view. Finally, the same shark returned to camera #1 ∼31 min after leaving camera #2.
    [Show full text]
  • Snakes, Centipedes, Snakepedes, and Centiserpents: Conflation of Liminal Species in Maya Iconography and Ethnozoology
    f No. 9, 2004 WAYEB NOTES ISSN 1379-8286 SNAKES, CENTIPEDES, SNAKEPEDES, AND CENTISERPENTS: CONFLATION OF LIMINAL SPECIES IN MAYA ICONOGRAPHY AND ETHNOZOOLOGY. (Workshop Closing Paper Presented at the XXIVth Linda Schele Forum on Maya Hieroglyphic Writing at the University of Texas at Austin, March 2000) Harri Kettunen1 and Bon V. Davis II2 1 University of Helsinki 2 University of Texas at Austin Abstract Since the identification of centipedes in the Maya hieroglyphic corpus and iconography in 1994 by Nikolai Grube and Werner Nahm (Grube & Nahm 1994: 702), epigraphers and iconographers alike have debated whether the serpentine creatures in Maya iconography depict imaginative snakes or centipedes. In this paper we argue that most serpentine creatures with unrealistically depicted heads are neither snakes nor centipedes, but a conflation of both, and even have characteristics of other animals, such as sharks and crocodiles. Thus these creatures should more aptly be designated as zoomorphs, monsters, centiserpents, or dragons. In the present article the topic will be examined using iconographic, epigraphic, zoological, and ethozoological data. Acknowledgements We would like to express our thanks to Justin Kerr for directing the Workshop on Maya ceramics at the XXIVth Maya Meeting in Austin. We would also like to thank Justin for making available hundreds of roll-out photographs of Maya ceramics and for offering us his insights on Maya iconography. Furthermore, we would like to thank Nancy Elder, the head librarian of the Biological Sciences Library at the University of Texas at Austin for providing us numerous articles relating to our topic and for directing us to relevant sources during our research on centipedes.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomechanics of Locomotion in Sharks, Rays, and Chimaeras
    5 Biomechanics of Locomotion in Sharks, Rays, and Chimaeras Anabela M.R. Maia, Cheryl A.D. Wilga, and George V. Lauder CONTENTS 5.1 Introduction 125 5.1.1 Approaches to Studying Locomotion in Chondrichthyans 125 5.1.2 Diversity of Locomotory Modes in Chondrichthyans 127 5.1.3 Body Form and Fin Shapes 127 5.2 Locomotion in Sharks 128 5.2.1 Function of the Body during Steady Locomotion and Vertical Maneuvering 128 5.2.2 Function of the Caudal Fin during Steady Locomotion and Vertical Maneuvering 130 5.2.3 Function of the Pectoral Fins during Locomotion 134 5.2.3.1 Anatomy of the Pectoral Fins 134 5.2.3.2 Role of the Pectoral Fins during Steady Swimming 136 5.2.3.3 Role of the Pectoral Fins during Vertical Maneuvering 138 5.2.3.4 Function of the Pectoral Fins during Benthic Station-Holding 139 5.2.3.5 Motor Activity in the Pectoral Fins 139 5.2.4 Routine Maneuvers and Escape Responses 140 5.2.5 Synthesis 141 5.3 Locomotion in Skates and Rays 142 5.4 Locomotion in Holocephalans 145 5.5 Material Properties of Chondrichthyan Locomotor Structures 146 5.6 Future Directions 147 Acknowledgments 148 References 148 5.1.1 Approaches to Studying 5.1 Introduction Locomotion in Chondrichthyans The body form of sharks is notable for the distinctive Historically, many attempts have been made to under- heterocercal tail with external morphological asymme- stand the function of the median and paired fins in try present in most taxa and the ventrolateral winglike sharks and rays, and these studies have included work pectoral fins extending laterally from the body (Figure with models (Affleck.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Eastern Pacific Records of the Prickly Shark, Echinorhinus Cookei
    Tropical Eastern Pacific Records of the Prickly Shark, Echinorhinus cookei (Chondrichthyes: Echinorhinidae)1 Douglas J. Long,2,3,5 John E. McCosker,3 Shmulik Blum,4 and Avi Klapfer4 Abstract: Most records of the prickly shark, Echinorhinus cookei Pietschmann, 1928, are from temperate and subtropical areas of the Pacific rim, with few rec- ords from the tropics. This seemingly disjunct distribution led some authors to consider E. cookei to have an antitropical distribution. Unreported museum spec- imens and underwater observations of E. cookei from Cocos Island, Costa Rica; the Galápagos Islands; and northern Peru confirm its occurrence in the trop ical eastern Pacific and, combined with other published records from the eastern Pacific, establish a continuous, panhemispheric eastern Pacific distribution. The genus Echinorhinus contains two spe- Mundy [1994] and Crow et al. [1996]); it has cies, the bramble shark, E. brucus (Bonnaterre, subsequently been collected or observed off 1788), from the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Japan (Taniuchi and Yanagisawa 1983, Ko- western Indian Ocean, and Australia, New bayashi 1986), Taiwan (Teng 1958), Palau Zealand, and Japan, and the prickly shark, (Saunders 1984), Tonga (Randall et al. 2003), E. cookei Pietschmann, 1928, known from New Caledonia (Fourmanoir 1979), New Hawai‘i and the western and eastern Pacific Zealand (Garrick 1960, Garrick and More- Ocean (Compagno et al. 2005, Last and Ste- land 1968), northeastern and southeastern vens 2009). The species are easily differenti- Australia (Last and Stevens 2009), and possi- ated by visual examination: E. brucus possesses bly the Gilbert Islands ( Whitley and Colefax few, relatively large, sparse denticles, some of 1938). In the northeastern Pacific it was first which are fused into plates, and E.
    [Show full text]