[ VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 1 I JAN. – MARCH 2016] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138 Hinglish as a Hybrid Language: An Analytical Study

Pushpa Dixit Associate Professor Dept. of English, Swami Sahajanand College of Commerce & Management, Bhavnagar, Gujarat.

Received Feb 20, 2015 Accepted March 10, 2016

ABSTRACT An etymology of Hinglish is: a blend of the words from “Hindi” & “English” languages. In metro-cities like Delhi and Mumbai, the official language is Hindi and English has become a widely used medium of communication. Especially, youngsters used to speak in English amongst themselves. Also the guides, shopkeepers and taxi-drives are well conversed in this language. As per the latest survey, India is witnessing a swell in bilingual English / Hindi class. In rural areas still, people speak in their regional language but in urban areas, the influence of English Language is observed. Research has been shown that a significant part of bilingual English / Hindi speakers are not able to speak correct Hindi and instead tend to speak a mix of Hindi and English language, colloquially known as Hinglish. The arrival of Hinglish and the influence of Indian words on English is also a reflection of the rise of the Indian sub-continent as an economic power house. The economic boom in the country has given birth to ‘Hinglish’ – a fashionable new language that is used routinely in every field such as music, films and advertising. It is also understood globally to give India a new identity. This research paper will focus on an analytical study on adoption and emergence of Higlish in varied spheres. It will also highlight various examples of using Higlish in our day-to-day life. Key words: Higlish, Current Trend, Scenario, Etymology, Colloquial. Introduction: mixture of English and Hindi, especially a Hinglish is often regarded as a prestigious type of English that includes many Hindi language that is modern yet very culturally words. Here, the last few words need to be deep-rooted and in this manner connecting read through magnifying glass: English that the English dominated elite culture with the includes many Hindi words, i.e. not Hindi that lower urban classes. According to the team, includes many English words. the Hinglish class has a firm advantage over the bilingual and the English monolingual However, in a book Chutnefying English: classes. Due to its status as well and its The Phenomenon of Hinglish (edited by accessibility compared to English, Hinglish Rita Kothari & Rupert Snell), Prof. Rita attracts migrating populations that are Kothari writes: "The debate on Hinglish could increasingly exposed to English the actual be on either end, Hindi mein English or English/Hindi bilinguals will not shift to English in Hindi, the two are not mutually Hindi when interacting with monolingual exclusive. In the same book, Prof Harish speakers because of the prestige that lies in Trivedi in his forward argues that, "I must English language. confess that now that the conference has got under way, I still have my doubts. Who cares What is Hinglish? what happens to Hindi except that routinely If we go by the Oxford Advanced Learner's derided community called the Hindiwallas Dictionary, Hinglish is a language which is a (and one or two dedicated and stunningly 162 IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews Research Paper [VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 1 I JAN. – MARCH 2016] e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138 http://ijrar.com/ IJRAR Impact Factor 3.215 erudite professors of Hindi abroad such as Shoba De and Salman Rushdie were the dear Rupert), so this forum here must be all forerunners to fan this genre. about the state of English." There is no clear Role of entertainment world in boosting cut definition of Hinglish provided by any up Hinglish Indian institutions - private or government - working on languages. However, given the Bollywood movies, Hindi songs, FM subject of our study, which is focused on radios, T.V., Music channels with anchors advertising, we are more interested to speaking Hindi and English in equation and investigate the use of English with some overwhelmed worldwide craze for all these Hindi words effectively penetrated to create are some genuine factors for the use of Hinglish. At the same time, we do not want to Hinglish. Bollywood is constantly releasing of turn a blind eye to the use of English words in films with titles like Tanu Weds Manu (Tanu Hindi and its effects in this enchanting world marries Mannu), Peepli Live,(Direct from of advertising. Pipli), Jab We Met (When We Met) or Love Aaj Kal (Love Today Tomorrow) , Shaadi Ke Side Use of Hinglish in Advertisements Effects (Marriage Side Effects) and Main Tera It is natural and inevitable that Hero (I am Your Hero). Besides, a lot of languages will adapt and change to whatever Bollywood movies are given English titles like is around. English words are used so Rockstar, Players and Who Killled Jessica and commonly in Hindi that it seems that this many of them have been big hits. “Today, mixture of Hindi and English is India's real spoken English has become a mix of Hindi national language. Advertisers too are keen to and English. In our daily conversation, do we use Hinglish, at least when it comes to actually talk only Hindi or English? No. Even targeting a particular segment of society. if we are talking in Hindi, we do tend to use When you switch on your T.V., you are likely English words. English titles work perfectly to get things like: Kyoki Dil Roaming Hai because there is fun and cool element (Make My Trip), Ye Dil Mange More (Pepsi), attached with them,” says an actress Gul Hungry Kya (Domino’s Pizza), What Your Panag. But for the Hindi film industry, box Bahana is (Macdonald’s) and Yehi Hai Right office is a great driver and they supply Choice Baby (Pepsi), "Gorgeous, Hamesha" whatever is liked. A Zee Research Group (Parachute Advanced). These are some of the study unravels that more than half of phrases which are part of the fastest growing Bollywood movies released during the last language, i.e. Hinglish. Now it is a craze and two years carried English words in their accepted reality .The mixture of Hindi and titles. In 2011, 73 out of 131 movies released, English is the language of everywhere-street, used English words in Hindi movies. Trade college campus, bus and railway station, analyst and Bollywood reporter Komal Nahta cinema and friendship. Since India is heading reasons, “This trend is bad as far as Hindi on the path of becoming a great world power, language is concerned but you cannot help it it may soon claim more Hinglish speakers since English has become the language of worldwide than English. Hinglish is both the youth. Hindi songs with English words are mixing of Hindi words in English and English not a new trend. words in Hindi. Devyani Chaubal (Bollywood The late’50s and’60s saw songs like Journalist) was the first author to use the Mera naam chin chin chu (Howarh word Hinglish in her work and writers like Bridge,1958) and C-A-T, cat….cat mane billi Research Paper IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 163 [ VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 1 I JAN. – MARCH 2016] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138 (Dilli Ka Thug,1958), My heart is beating which is colored with Hindi vocabulary, its (Julie,1975), What is your mobile number grammar and tone too. (Haseena Maan Jayegi,1999), Hare Krishna Once upon a time Indians were hare Rama (Bhool Bhulaiya,2007) and Touch devouring the novels of Walter Scott and me …touch me (Dhoom-2,2004) and Tu liade Charles Dickens; now, both the novel, and the muzhe golden zhumke….chittiyaan kalaiyaan English language, have been enlivened in the (Roy,2015). The turning point that made hands of South Asian writers of the diaspora - Hinglish high was the introduction of cable - Vikram Seth, Amitav Ghosh, Salman television in the mid-1990s. MTV, a pure Rushdie, V. S. and Shiva Naipaul, Rohinton English medium channel in the beginning, Mistry, Chetan Bhagat, Anita Desai, Bharati started satirizing on the way Indian speak Mukhrjee, Chitra Banerjee, etc. .The Indians English. Till 1996, it boosted up its fame from living abroad have carried with them India’s 10 percent to 60 percent. Maximum traditions, languages, customs, religious companies want to indianize their approach faiths, philosophy and festivals. They and products to succeed well. VJs on MTV promote India’s life style in the countries they conduct in a perfect mix of Hindi and English. are living. The areas where a majority of our MTV India knows that this is the mood of the NRIs live look like mini India. The people of country. That's why it asks its audiences to be that country appreciate our customs and cool, means bindaas! FMs and their languages traditions. They eat regularly at Indian are again great embodiment revealing the restaurants; visit our holy places like temples nerve of the country. and gurdwaras, shop at the Indian stores Role of Indian culture and Diaspora in adopting Indian fashion and attire. They also spreading Hinglish abroad celebrate the festivals with the Indians. This has resulted in flowering of Hinglish abroad. Language is the most important to Bangle, curry, pyajamas, bungalow, thug, share, spread and define cultures. The guru, pundits and shampoo are some words enriched Indian culture and prolific Diaspora used by the Britishers and the Americans in have great contribution in making Hinglish their daily conversation. The Indians who more common globally. The Diasporas are come to the West to work in the information true embodiments of Indian culture and technology sector speak Hinglish; the total whenever they come in contact with any number of Hinglishmen in IT makes it almost outside culture they add or take something usual that some Hinglish words will get from the contacted cultures and it paves the globalized. way to some linguistic changes on both the sides. A huge proportion of these migrants, Role of Indian economy in boosting up the the preferred destinations are the U.S., use of Hinglish Canada and the U.K., Australia and New Nowadays people use American Zealand, possibly because of the common ties English more than British English and they with English language, yet the left aspirants like to use all American things, why? The prefer to move towards middle-east and reason is that the U.S.A. is the greatest south-east Asia. According to an estimate, economic power of the world. India is set to approximately eight million Indians are living become the third largest economy in the in other countries of the world. The Indian world by 2030, according to the latest Diaspora is the great supporter of Indian estimates by a PricewaterhouseCoopers culture abroad because they use English 164 IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews Research Paper [VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 1 I JAN. – MARCH 2016] e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138 http://ijrar.com/ IJRAR Impact Factor 3.215 (PwC) report. “In 2030 India could be the important”; “optical” is “glasses”; “job rising economic powerhouse that China is outsourced to India” is called “ being seen to be today. China's current economic Bangalored”; "kati", meaning "I'm not your growth rate - 8 to 10 per cent - will probably friend any more” , etc. With the great number be a distant memory by 2030," said the fifth of internet users the thousands of words of installment of the 'Global Trends 2030: these kinds are doing rounds across the Alternative Worlds', of National Intelligence globe. All languages evolve over time; words Council (NIC). “The total size of the Chinese disappear from vocabularies, new words are working-age population will peak in 2016 coined and some words change their spelling and decline from 994 million to about 961 or pronunciation. Over last few weeks Google million in 2030. In contrast, India's working- has added yet another feature that will help age population is unlikely to peak until about Indians or Hinglish speakers tremendously. 2050," it said. India's expected strong growth Google’s voice recognition now understands in the next 15-20 years means that its Hindi and Hinglish phrases. contribution to global growth will exceed that Role of youth in making and using of any individual advanced economy except Hinglish the United States. India has got a handsome number of Role of mobile phones and the internet in educated youth who are dweller of a special making Hinglish omnipresent world with their own norms of life and India will have the second-largest language. Ten years back a claimant, speaking digital population in the world with 1 billion a few words of Hindi, for a vacancy requiring mobile users by 2030. The mobile internet an English speaking person, would not have users in India have reached to 213 million in got selected. But now it is a huge asset. Why June 2015. The rapid growth of mobile does multinationals use Hinglish: All the big phones is one of the causes for the spread of companies including the MNCs vibe with Hinglish. Miss call, wrong Number, busy, talk Hinglish ads. None of this would have time, balance, message, battery, screen, happened 10 years ago. The old if they think network etc. have become common for not they could not speak English correctly, only uneducated but also illiterate Indians wouldn’t speak it. Now the power has been and used by them so often. Hinglish gets shifted to the young, and they want to be ample opportunity to strive by Messages, understood rather than be correct. According WhatsApp and Facebook, where people have to Ashok Chakravarty, the creative head of been become habitual of this kind of Publicis India, the translation approach language. doesn’t work for the vast majority of Indians whose English is not always great. “You may Since Hinglish is the language of be understood, but not vibed with,” he says. modern India and the greater access to the “That’s why all the multi-national internet means the influence of Hinglish is no corporations in India now speak Hinglish in longer confined to the bright lights of the their ads.” Today the youth are completely cities or to a particular class. In Hinglish, different; they take on convention, do things there is a new concept of time - "pre-pone", not done before and are audacious. The the opposite of postpone, meaning "to bring young urban youth regards Hinglish as a something forward"; “ badmash” is “unlawful badge of cool. To this group of people the scoundrel”; timepass is “ doing nothing Research Paper IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 165 [ VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 1 I JAN. – MARCH 2016] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138 language is part of their identity and with the English words anymore, they are creatively, fastest means of communication this is actively and energetically reinventing them encompassing the youth of villages too. instead. Hinglish therefore looks likely to continue pushing the barriers of Hinglish- Its craze and Future: communication in India. In Government Hinglish is a buzz now. There are departments, pure Hindi was widely used and some good reasons for the explosion of appreciated. Towards the end of 2011, the English words in Hindi. They are sometimes Rajbhasha unit of the Ministry of Home badges of honor in a society intent on Affairs sent a circular in various offices that becoming modern. Even if you don’t speak recommended that Hindi can be replaced English fluently, you might be able to use with their English alternatives in Devanagari English words to impress your neighbors. script. To give more clarity in this regard, the Hinglish is one of the world’s most potent Department of Language at Home Ministry Anglo-hybrids. It is the vernacular of the gave examples that ‘ (kunjipatal)’ can be middle-class and the so-called fashionable, replaced with ‘keyboard’ and ‘ (sanganak)’ through which millions of Indians with ‘computer.’ The order said that pure communicate. Besides, the average Indian Hindi should be used for literary purposes uses one or two English words in every Hindi and the practical hybrid ‘Hinglish’ for work sentence averagely and unconsciously. purposes1. With the expansion and Shannon Anderson-Finch believes that Hindi- availability of the means of communication to English mixing is a linguistic resource and almost all Indians, Hinglish will progress day bilingual speakers use it to express and night and may soon outnumber the themselves strategically and creatively. It is a native speakers of English. wonderful example of a living language in Conclusion action, evolving to meet the needs of its speakers. Hinglish, one of the increasingly accepted Anglo-hybrids has a great silver Having seen the promising future of lining globally. Exceptionally growing Indian the Indian sub-continent depending on its economy, Craze of speaking and using educated manpower, expected economic English, Indian diaspora, great use or solidarity, the Diasporas, rapidly increasing preference in communication over Facebook, mobile and internet users, it appears that WhatsApp and other social sites, embrace by Hinglish has a big role to play in moving India all MNCs finding India a huge and promising forward and making its unique identity. The market, astonishing number of mobile and phenomenon is gaining ground across all internet users, love and liking of the youth sections: Media, Entertainment, Business, and the fascination by the means of Marketing, Government, Politics, Society and entertainment like TV, The Radio, Movie etc. more. It has acquired the mass appeal and leave no room for the guarantee of the now it's hard to eliminate this trend, which success of this new vernacular. It goes exponentially influences our everyday without saying that soon India will be a big communication. Whether it makes the economic power and Hinglish will be its transition to the classroom remains to be linguistic identity. seen. One thing that is for sure, however, is that Hinglish will keep on developing and Thus, we can say that Hinglish, for all evolving so long as it remains in the public its occasional breakdowns of communication, space. People are not just mixing Hindi and is an authentically Indian hybrid. The trouble 166 IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews Research Paper [VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 1 I JAN. – MARCH 2016] e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138 http://ijrar.com/ IJRAR Impact Factor 3.215 with dysfunctional Hinglish is that it can 6. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ cause havoc when clear and precise 2011-105/india/30477363_1_hindi-words- communication is required, whether on a pure-hindi-rajbhasha simple taxi ride or in more serious situations 7. http://www.ndtv.com/india.../us- like hospitals and courts. Young Indians still intelligence-sees-india-as-rising-economic- need better quality, standardized English power teaching if they want to access the global 8. http://www.thehindu.com/business/econo knowledge. my Reference: 9. http://www.ndtv.com/topic/mobile-phone- users-in-india 1. Kothari, Rita. and Rupert Snell eds. Chutnefying English: The Phenomenon of 10. http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine- Hinglish Penguin Books India, New 20500312 Delhi.2011. Print. 11. http://www.theguardian.com/education/en 2. www.youthkiawaaz.com/.../great-indian- glish language-debate-amid-hinglish-. 12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommuni 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devyani_Chau cations_statistics_in_India bal 13. http://www.internetlivestats.com/internet- 4. http://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/ users/ exclusive 14. http://www.financialexpress.com/section/e 5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinglish conomy/

We are what we repeatedly do; excellence, then, is not an act but a habit. ~ Aristotle

Research Paper IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 167