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The Animals of Rottnest Island

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The Animals of Rottnest Island www.rottnestisland.com http://www.metromagazine.com.au https://theeducationshop.com.au A STUDY GUIDE BY © ATOM 2018 ISBN: 978-1-76061-223-8 DAVE CREWE * Synopsis Islands worldwide are grand experiments in nature, with their isolation creating unique conditions for animals to diverge from the norm. But some islands take evolutionary twists to the extreme. On the far west of the Australian continent, with the limitless Indian Ocean beyond, there is a set of islands whose inhabitants defy all laws of nature. The three islands lie side by side, but each is ruled by a different animal. One by a unique marsupial, the second by a penguin and the third by one of the world’s most venomous snakes, as though evolution has divided the real estate equitably. And on the islands each animal has become stranger than ever – with a set of features so unique they are bizarre. One of the world’s ‘happiest’ yet most vulnerable marsupials, the quokka, thrives only on Rottnest Island. In almost plague proportions, over 10,000 of the strange relic wallabies live here. How do they survive here in such inhospitable conditions and no- where else? In a world-first,Rottnest Island: Kingdom of the Quokka reveals the life cycle of the quokka using special natural history filming techniques to expose the secrets of their incredible survival mechanisms. On nearby Penguin Island, the name says it all. Over a thousand Little Penguins live here. Little Penguins are found no further north in the world, and the birds here are larger, with heavier beaks than anywhere else. How does a penguin designed for Antarctic waters survive in summers of forty-degree plus heat? From top: If you research Quokkas, you’ll most likely find them described as the happiest animal on earth; Doug Coughran AM stakes Close by Carnac Island is serpent heaven or hell! out the Osprey nest near Little Salmon Bay; More than 2000 pairs of One of Australia’s most venomous reptiles, the Tiger Bridled Terns travel to Penguin Island and other surrounding islands from the tropics near Indonesia. Snake has become a monster on Carnac Island, and bizarrely many are blind. Over four hundred snakes live on this tiny island. Carnac Island is only sixteen hectares in size but has one of the highest densities of venomous snakes ever recorded, with over twenty snakes per hectare. In a grand-experiment, things have taken a strange turn for the snakes on this CONTENT HYPERLINKS island. 3 CURRICULUM LINKS Like the Galapagos, Rottnest and its surrounding islands hold secrets that defy reason. Only now will 5 THE ANIMALS OF ROTTNEST ISLAND they be revealed with an exclusive and intimate look at the animal inhabitants and those intertwined in 10 EVOLUTION AND NATURAL SELECTION 2018 © ATOM their lives on the islands and in the fringing ocean. Source: Rottnest Island: Kingdom of the Quokka press kit 13 FOOD AND NUTRITION 2 L-R: Fishhook Bay is stunning and the visibility underwater can almost be twenty-five metres; Steve Speelburg’ the Quokka - directing the days filming during a winter rainstorm. * Curriculum Links RELEVANT CONTENT DESCRIPTORS Year 10 FOR SCIENCE • Transmission of heritable characteristics from one generation to the next involves DNA and genes Science Understanding – Biological Sciences (ACSSU184) • The theory of evolution by natural selection explains Year 1 the diversity of living things and is supported by a • Living things have a variety of external features range of scientific evidence ACSSU185( ) (ACSSU017) • Living things live in different places where their needs Science Inquiry Skills – Communicating are met (ACSSU211) Years 1–2 Year 2 • Represent and communicate observations and ideas in • Living things grow, change and have offspring similar a variety of ways (ACSIS029, ACSIS042) to themselves (ACSSU030) Years 3–4 Year 4 • Represent and communicate observations, ideas and • Living things have life cycles (ACSSU072) findings using formal and informal representations • Living things depend on each other and the environ- (ACSIS060, ACSIS071) ment to survive (ACSSU073) Years 5–6 Year 5 • Communicate ideas, explanations and processes using • Living things have structural features and adapta- scientific representations in a variety of ways, including tions that help them to survive in their environment multi-modal texts (ACSIS093, ACSIS110) (ACSSU043) Years 7–8 Year 6 • Communicate ideas, findings and evidence based • The growth and survival of living things are affected by solutions to problems using scientific language, and physical conditions of their environment (ACSSU094) representations, using digital technologies as appropri- ate (ACSIS133, ACSIS148) Year 7 • Interactions between organisms, including the effects Years 9–10 of human activities can be represented by food chains • Communicate scientific ideas and information for a and food webs (ACSSU112) particular purpose, including constructing evidence- based arguments and using appropriate scientific Year 9 language, conventions and representations (ACSIS174, • Ecosystems consist of communities of interdependent ACSIS208) organisms and abiotic components of the environ- 2018 © ATOM ment; matter and energy flow through these systems (ACSSU176) 3 RELEVANT CONTENT DESCRIPTORS FOR BIOLOGY Unit 1 • Ecosystems are diverse, composed of varied habitats and can be described in terms of their component spe- cies, species interactions and the abiotic factors that make up the environment (ACSBL019) • Relationships and interactions between species in ecosystems include predation, competition, symbiosis and disease (ACSBL020) • Ecosystems have carrying capacities that limit the number of organisms (within populations) they support, and can be impacted by changes to abiotic and biotic factors, including climatic events (ACSBL025) • Ecosystems can change dramatically over time; the Above: Filming with the VR camera underwater took a little getting used to fossil record and sedimentary rock characteristics provide evidence of past ecosystems and changes in biotic and abiotic components (ACSBL027) Unit 3 • Life has existed on Earth for approximately 3.5 bil- RELEVANT CONTENT DESCRIPTORS lion years and has changed and diversified over time FOR GEOGRAPHY (ACSBL088) • Natural selection occurs when selection pressures in Year 8 the environment confer a selective advantage on a • Different types of landscapes and their distinctive specific phenotype to enhance its survival and repro- landform features (ACHGK048) duction; this results in changes in allele frequency in • Geomorphic processes that produce landforms, the gene pool of a population (ACSBL090) including a case study of at least one landform • In additional to environmental selection pressures, (ACHGK050) mutation, gene flow and genetic drift can contribute to • Represent spatial distribution of different types of changes in allele frequency in a population gene pool geographical phenomena by constructing appropri- and results in micro-evolutionary change (ACSBL091) ate maps at different scales that conform to carto- • Differing selection pressures between geographically graphic conventions, using spatial technologies as isolated populations may lead to allopatric speciation appropriate (ACHGS058) (ACSBL094) • Present findings, arguments and ideas in a range • Populations with reduced genetic diversity face in- of communication forms selected to suit a par- creased risk of extinction (ACSBL095) ticular audience and purpose; using geographical terminology and digital technologies as appropriate RELEVANT CONTENT DESCRIPTORS (ACHGS061) FOR MATHEMATICS GENERAL CAPABILITIES Year 7 • Recognise and solve problems involving simple ratios Creative and Critical Thinking (Years 3–10) (ACMNA173) • Establish the formulas for areas of rectangles, triangles • Inquiring – identifying, exploring and clarifying infor- and parallelograms, and use these in problem-solving mation: Explore the coherence and logic of multiple (ACMMG159) perspectives on an issue. • Reflecting on thinking, actions and processes: Give Year 8 reasons to support their own thinking, show aware- • Solve a range of problems involving rates and ratios, ness of opposing viewpoints and possible weak- with and without digital technologies (ACMNA188) nesses in their own positions. • Choose appropriate units of measurement for area • Analysing, synthesising and evaluating reasoning and volume and convert from one unit to another and procedures: apply logic and reasoning, draw (ACMMG195) conclusions and design a course of action and • Find perimeters and areas of parallelograms, trapezi- evaluate procedures and outcomes. ums, rhombuses and kites (ACMMG196) © ATOM 2018 © ATOM 4 * The Animals of Rottnest Island Rottnest Island: Kingdom of the Quokka might focus primarily on the so-called ‘happiest animal on earth’, the quokkas, but as it takes in the scope of Rottnest and its surrounding islands, the documentary includes the diversity of Australian animals. Over the program’s two episodes, we’re welcomed into the worlds of the fur seals and ospreys of Rottnest Island, the sea lions and snakes of Carnac Island, the penguins of Penguin Island, and the humpback whales and dolphins of the surrounding oceans. And, of course, the quokka. Quokkas are unique to Compared with Antarctic penguins, Western Australia Little Penguins are tiny Quokkas Penguins • Why do you think quokkas are often called the • Penguin Island is described as ‘the most northerly ‘happiest animal on earth’? Does that seem like colony of little penguins in the world.’ Why don’t you
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