RED LIST OF GRASSHOPPERS, BUSH-CRICKETS AND CRICKETS (ORTHOPTERA) OF THE CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS Anton Krištín (Slovakia) & Iorgu Ionuț Ștefan (Romania) (eds) Data and assessment process contributors and authors of relevant and cited publications: Anton Krištín (Slovakia), Iorgu Ionuț Ștefan (Romania), Miklós Heltai, Barnabas Nagy (Hungary), Jevhen Lyushenko, Vasil Chumak (Ukraine), Jaroslav Holuša, Petr Kočárek (Czech Republic), Axel Hochkirch (Germany) Introduction pathian region: Data was collected from the literature, from sources given by BioREGIO project partners in Orthoptera are among the most important bio-indicators particular countries (see data contributors above) and of the status of integrity of natural habitats, especially own published and unpublished data (see literature for habitats with small plot sizes. Therefore, Orthoptera section, unpublished records only by KRIŠTÍN A. & assemblages provide valuable information on habitat con- IORGU I. Ş.). ditions and status of sites (MARINI et al. 2009). 2. Data was entered in the online database platform of Global assessments of the conservation status of ca. 1000 the project BioREGIO Carpathians as well as into a European species of grasshoppers, crickets and bush-c- Microsoft Excel database. rickets for the IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM 3. All 142 Orthoptera species present in the Carpathian started in 2011. The Red List status of 60 species has been orographic units (excluding Serbia due to missing data) published in 2012. Altogether, the global Red List status were evaluated according to the IUCN Red List criteria of 236 Orthoptera species has been assessed (IUCN (IUCN 2001). Only one species (not native and intro- 2013), 14 of which occur in the Carpathians (Chorthippus duced, Meconema meridionale) could not be assessed and acroleucus VU, Gampsocleis glabra LC, Isophya harzi VU, Metri- was included in the category “Not Applicable” (NA). optera domogledi VU, Miramella irena VU, Odontopodisma non- The other 141 species were classifi ed to the categories tana VU, Odontopodisma rubripes VU, Onconotus servillei VU, Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vul- Poecilimon affi nis LC, Poecilimon ampliatus LC, Saga pedo VU, nerable (VU), Near Threatened (NT), Least Concern Stenobothrus eurasius VU, Uvarovitettix transylvanicus VU and (LC) and Data defi cient (DD). Altogether 80 out of Zubovskia banatica VU). 141 species were not listed in the Bioregio database Red Lists of Orthoptera have been published in several due to technical reasons (fi lling the occurrence, loca- Carpathian countries (however, based upon different cri- tions, habitats, threats in all orographic units in very teria): Poland (LIANA 1992, LIANA 2002, GŁOWACIŃSKI & common and abundant species), but they fulfi l the ge- NOWACKI 2004), former Czechoslovakia (GULIČKA 1992), neral criteria for the category LC. Red List assessments Hungary (NAGY 1999), Slovakia (KRIŠTÍN 2001), Czech Re- from particular countries were also considered, based public (HOLUŠA & KOČÁREK 2005), Ukraine (AKIMOV 2009, on the proposals of project partners and considering МАTELESHKO & POTISH 2011). A European Red List is not the extinction risk in surrounding Carpathian countries available yet and there is only one Carpathian Red List or adjacent Non-Carpathian territories. No assessment prepared ten years ago, based on unknown criteria, which was done for the small part of the Carpathians located includes fi ve Orthoptera species (WITKOWSKI et al. 2003). in Serbia, due to the absence of a partner. Assessment Method Our purpose was to collect and process all existing data For processing the existing data on grasshoppers, crickets on Orthoptera species from six Carpathian countries and bush-crickets in the Carpathian region of Slovakia, (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland, Ukraine and Romania the fol- and Ukraine) and enter them into a database developed lowing three steps were used: by the State Nature Conservancy of the Slovak Republic 1. Documentation on the Orthoptera fauna in the Car- in order to assess the Red List status. 186 zzbornik_cervenebornik_cervene zzoznamy.inddoznamy.indd 118686 227.8.20147.8.2014 222:36:272:36:27 Results (Summary) References Altogether 142 Orthoptera species (ca 10.3% of the Carpathians & Red Lists 1382 European species) were recorded in the Carpathian GULIČKA, J. (1992). Orthoptera. Pp. 69-73. In: Škapec, Mountains, in six Carpathian countries (CZ, SK, PL, UA, L. (ed): Červená kniha ohrožených a vzácných druhů HU, RO; Table 1). The number of species ranged from rostlin a živočichů ČSFR 3 - Bezobratlí. [Red data book 55 (Poland) to 133 (Romania) taxa, following the tempe- of endangered and rare plant and animal species of the rature gradient along this region and illustrating the strong ČSFR 3 - Invertebrates]. Príroda, Bratislava, 160 pp. (in impact on thermophilous insects as well as the proporti- Czech). onal size of Carpathians in the particular countries. In these countries, the number of species listed in national HARZ, K. (1969). Die Orthopteren Europas - The Or- Red Lists ranged from 12 (Poland, one threatened speci- thoptera of Europe. Vol. I. - The Hague, Dr.W. Junk es) to 33 (Romania, 20 threatened species) and 37 species B.V., 749 pp. (Slovakia, 13 threatened species). HARZ, K. (1975). Die Orthopteren Europas - The Or- Altogether, 61 of the 141 assessed species were included thoptera of Europe. Vol. II. - The Hague, Dr. W. Junk in Carpathian Red List, but only 20 of them are listed as B.V., 939 pp. threatened. Ten species were assessed as EN (Isophya har- zi, Isophya ciucasi, Isophya nagyi, Saga pedo, Gampsocleis glabra, IUCN (2013). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Metrioptera domogledi, Zubovskia banatica, Chorthippus acroleu- Version 2013.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded cus, Paracaloptenus caloptenoides, Podismopsis transsylvanica) and on 31 January 2014. ten as VU (Isophya costata, I. sicula, I. dochia, Poecilimon inter- KRIŠTÍN, A. & KAŇUCH, P. (2013). A review of distribu- medius, Onconotus servillei, Uvarovitettix transsylvanicus, Mira- tion and ecology of three Orthoptera species of Euro- mella irena, Odontopodisma decipiens, Odontopodisma montana, pean importance with contributions from their recent Stenobothrus eurasius, Table 1). Most of EN species are also north-western range. Journal of North Western Zoo- included on the global IUCN Red List. logy 9: 185-190. A total of 16 species was endemic to the Carpathians (11.3% of 142) and further six species sub-endemic MARINI, L., FONTANA, P., BATTISTI A. & GASTON K.J. (Table 1), meaning that they also occur at a few sites in (2009). Response of orthopteran diversity to abandon- the area surrounding the Carpathians. ment of seminatural meadows. Agric. Ecosyst. Envi- ron. 132: 232–236. Main threats NAGY, B. (2005). Orthoptera fauna of the Carpathian The major threats detected in most red-listed species are: basin – recent status of knowledge and a revised che- i) Habitat loss/degradation, abandonment of traditio- cklist. - Entomofauna carpathica 17: 14-22. nal management, of grass cutting and grazing and fol- WITKOWSKI, Z.J., KRÓL, W. & SOLARZ, W. (eds) (2003). lowing succession leading to overgrowing by shrubs Carpathian List Of Endangered Species. WWF and and trees (e.g. Saga pedo, Gampsocleis glabra, Metrioptera Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of domogledi, Paracaloptenus caloptenoides, Odontopodisma deci- Sciences, Vienna-Krakow. piens, Miramella irena, Stenobothrus eurasius). ii) Human settlement expansion, use of insecticides, Czech Republic overgrazing (e.g. Isophya harzi, I. ciucasi, I. nagyi, I. sicula, HOLUŠA, J. (1995). Orthoptera náplavových šterkovišť I. dochia, Paracaloptenus caloptenoides, Saga pedo, Chorthip- řeky Ostravice a Morávky. Klapalekiana 31: 91-99. pus acroleucus, Podismopsis transsylvanica). iii) Afforestation of non-forest habitats (e.g. Saga pedo, HOLUŠA, J. (1996). Výskyt saranče Stethophyma grossum Paracaloptenus caloptenoides, Stenobothrus eurasius). (Caelifera, Acrididae) na severní Moravě a v českém iv) Restricted range, low densities, limited dispersal with Slezsku. Čas. Slez. Muz. Opava (A), 45: 285-286. combination with above mentioned threats: (e.g. most HOLUŠA, J. (1997). Druhové spektrum sarančí (Caelife- of brachypterous species Isophya harzi, I. ciucasi, I. nagyi, ra) a kobylek (Ensifera) údolí potoka Dinotice (Vsetín- I. sicula, I. dochia, Poecilimon intermedius, Onconotus servillei, ské vrchy). Klapalekiana 33: 11-16. Gampsocleis glabra, Uvarovitettix transsylvanicus, Miramella irena, Zubovskia banatica, Chorthippus acroleucus, Podismop- HOLUŠA, J. (2000). K poznání sarančí (Caelifera) a ko- sis transsylvanica). bylek (Ensifera) Moravsko slezských Beskyd. Klapale- kiana 36: 41-70. Acknowledgments HOLUŠA, J. & KOČÁREK, P. (2005). Orthoptera (rovno- We would like to thank prof. Anna Liana from Poland křídlí). –Pp. 133-135. In: Farkač, J., Král, D., Škorpík, for her consultations during preparation of the draft Red M. (eds). Červený seznam ohrožených druhů České re- List. publiky: Bezobratlí. AOPK, ČR, Praha. HOLUŠA, J., KOČÁREK, P. & VLK, R. (2013). Monitoring and conservation of Saga pedo (Orthoptera: Tettigonii- 187 zzbornik_cervenebornik_cervene zzoznamy.inddoznamy.indd 118787 227.8.20147.8.2014 222:36:272:36:27 dae) in an isolated northwestern population. J. Insect. KRIŠTÍN, A., KAŇUCH, P. & PUCHALA, P. (2005). Rov- Conserv. 17: 663-669. nokrídlovce (Orthoptera s.l.) Malých Karpát. Ochrana prírody 24: 141-152. (in