DOCSLIB.ORG

JIA2 V22 S4 Issue Info.Indd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
JIA2 V22 S4 Issue Info.Indd Maximizing the impact of HIV prevention technologies in sub-Saharan Africa Guest Editors: Helen Ward, Geoff rey P Garnett, Kenneth H Mayer, Gina A Dallabetta Supplement Editors: Marlène Bras, Elisa de Castro Alvarez Volume 22, Supplement 4, July 2019 Acknowledgements The Guest Editors - Helen Ward, Geoff rey P Garnett, Kenneth H Mayer, Gina A Dallabetta - would like to thank all of the authors who responded to our request for contributions, prepared manuscripts, and participated in the rigorous review and selection process. We wish that many more studies could have been included, but hope that this eff ort to compile the latest evidence and scholarship around prevention will continue. We also thank the editors and staff of the Journal of the International AIDS Society for thoughtful guidance, rigorous support, and encouragement throughout the process. Support This supplement was supported by Imperial College London with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. Disclaimer The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions or policies of the institutions with which they are affi liated. Maximizing the impact of HIV prevention technologies in sub-Saharan Africa Guest Editors: Helen Ward, Geoff rey P Garnett, Kenneth H Mayer, Gina A Dallabetta Supplement Editors: Marlène Bras, Elisa de Castro Alvarez Contents Maximizing the impact of HIV prevention technologies in sub-Saharan Africa Helen Ward, Geoffrey P Garnett, Kenneth H Mayer and Gina A Dallabetta 1 Contextual drivers of HIV risk among young African women Sanyu A Mojola and Joyce Wamoyi 7 Facilitating engagement with PrEP and other HIV prevention technologies through practice-based combination prevention Morten Skovdal 14 Reaching and targeting more effectively: the application of market segmentation to improve HIV prevention programmes Anabel Gomez, Rebecca Loar, Andrea E Kramer and Geoffrey P Garnett 20 HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for adolescent girls and young women in Africa: from efficacy trials to delivery Connie L Celum, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Jared M Baeten, Ariane van der Straten, Sybil Hosek, Elizabeth A Bukusi, Margaret McConnell, Ruanne V Barnabas and Linda-Gail Bekker 23 Understanding user perspectives of and preferences for oral PrEP for HIV prevention in the context of intervention scale-up: a synthesis of evidence from sub-Saharan Africa Robyn Eakle, Peter Weatherburn and Adam Bourne 30 The effectiveness of demand creation interventions for voluntary male medical circumcision for HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa: a mixed methods systematic review Samuel Ensor, Bethan Davies, Tanvi Rai and Helen Ward 40 Cash plus: exploring the mechanisms through which a cash transfer plus financial education programme in Tanzania reduced HIV risk for adolescent girls and young women Audrey Pettifor, Joyce Wamoyi, Peter Balvanz, Margaret W Gichane and Suzanne Maman 54 Strengthening the scale-up and uptake of effective interventions for sex workers for population impact in Zimbabwe Frances M Cowan, Sungai T Chabata, Sithembile Musemburi, Elizabeth Fearon, Calum Davey, Tendayi Ndori-Mharadze, Loveleen Bansi-Matharu, Valentina Cambiano, Richard Steen, Joanna Busza, Raymond Yekeye, Owen Mugurungi, James R Hargreaves and Andrew N Phillips 61 The role of costing in the introduction and scale-up of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: evidence from integrating PrEP into routine maternal and child health and family planning clinics in western Kenya D Allen Roberts, Ruanne V Barnabas, Felix Abuna, Harison Lagat, John Kinuthia, Jillian Pintye, Aaron F Bochner, Steven Forsythe, Gabriela B Gomez, Jared M Baeten, Grace John-Stewart and Carol Levin 71 HIV prevention programme cascades: insights from HIV programme monitoring for female sex workers in Kenya Parinita Bhattacharjee, Helgar K Musyoki, Marissa Becker, Janet Musimbi, Shem Kaosa, Japheth Kioko, Sharmistha Mishra, Shajy K Isac, Stephen Moses and James F Blanchard 78 Application of the HIV prevention cascade to identify, develop and evaluate interventions to improve use of prevention methods: examples from a study in east Zimbabwe Louisa Moorhouse, Robin Schaefer, Ranjeeta Thomas, Constance Nyamukapa, Morten Skovdal, Timothy B Hallett and Simon Gregson 86 Author Index 93 Volume 22, Supplement 4 July 2019 Ward H et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2019, 22(S4):e25319 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jia2.25319/full | https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25319 EDITORIAL Maximizing the impact of HIV prevention technologies in sub-Saharan Africa Helen Ward1§ , Geoffrey P Garnett2, Kenneth H Mayer3 and Gina A Dallabetta2 §Corresponding author: Helen Ward, Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 (0) 207 594 3303. ([email protected]) Keywords: HIV; prevention; pre-exposure prophylaxis; Africa South of the Sahara; health technology Received 24 April 2019; Accepted 16 May 2019 Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Journal of the International AIDS Society published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International AIDS Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1 | INTRODUCTION populations in sub-Saharan Africa [10]. In particular, the lack of widely available efficacious female-controlled methods has There have been substantial gains in the range and efficacy of left many young women vulnerable to HIV when their part- technologies available for HIV prevention, with voluntary ners are unwilling to use condoms [11]. While newer technolo- medical male circumcision (VMMC), treatment as prevention, gies such as long-acting injectable PrEP have potential for and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) being added to the existing additional impact, they too may disappoint if the lessons of toolbox of condoms, lubricant, behaviour change, harm reduc- existing programmes are not learned and programmes not tion, structural interventions and advocacy programmes. These scaled sufficiently. advances led to the optimism of calls to end the AIDS epidemic Adolescent girls and young women are at particular risk, by 2030 with a target of fewer than 500,000 new cases a year accounting for 25% of new HIV infections among adults in sub- by 2020 and 200,000 by 2030 [1,2]. However, progress Saharan Africa, and with three to five times the prevalence of towards these goals is slow with an estimated 1.9 million new adolescent boys and young men [7,10]. Reducing the high inci- infections in 2017 globally, including over a million in sub- dence in these young populations is perhaps the most urgent Saharan Africa [3]. Although these numbers represent a sub- global challenge, particularly as 60% of the population in sub- stantial reduction from the height of the epidemic in the late Saharan Africa is aged under 25 and absolute numbers of young 1990s, they are well off target despite intensive efforts to pro- people will continue to rise over the coming decades [12]. mote HIV combination prevention encompassing structural, It will be important to identify the mix of prevention tech- behavioural and biomedical interventions. The targets were nologies and approaches that will meet the needs of these based on modelling which estimated the coverage needed to young people, in order to design the interventions that will achieve these reductions, namely meeting 90-90-90 treatment support their adoption. This requires an interdisciplinary targets, 90% coverage of key populations with combination pre- approach, with the appropriate mix of social, behavioural, epi- vention programmes, 90% reported condom use rates with demiological and programme science, with learning from key non-regular partners and 90% male circumcision [2]. However, stakeholders including young people themselves, service provi- investment in prevention has been lower than required to ders, policy makers, industry and governments. The community achieve this coverage [4], and results from trials of intensive perspectives about health and HIV, and their health seeking population “test and treat” approaches show a lower impact behaviour need to be taken into account along with the deter- than hoped for, with up to 30% reduction in incidence, but with minants of decisions about the HIV risk behaviours and the lower engagement and coverage of younger people [5,6]. use of HIV prevention technologies. Demographic, geographic Reducing incident infections is a key to sustainable HIV con- and other characteristics should inform how HIV prevention trol, and epidemic models suggest that further primary pre- interventions are prioritized and should be designed around vention is necessary in addition to treatment for those the needs and preferences of priority users. already infected if the 2030 targets are to be reached [7]. This all points to the need for increased efforts in order to maximize the impact of technologies, including those currently 2 | THE TECHNOLOGIES in development. While there is good evidence for efficacy of the technologies and strategies in some populations [8,9], they Condoms provide triple protection against HIV, pregnancy have failed to reach their potential in many high incidence and many other sexually transmitted infections [13]. They
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2020 Impact Report Serving the World Through Learning Table of Contents
    2020 Impact Report Serving the world through learning Table of Contents P.4 P.5 P.9 P.13 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 SECTION 4 Executive Serving Connecting Supporting Summary Learners Partners Institutions P.18 P.22 P.24 SECTION 5 SECTION 6 SECTION 7 Creating Social Driving the Quality Data Methodology Change of Online Learning Appendix 2020 Impact Report 2 We envision a world where anyone, anywhere has the power to transform their life through learning. 2020 Impact Report 3 SECTION 1 Executive Summary Letter from the CEO Achieving human progress through learning Welcome to Coursera’s first-ever impact report. Coursera was founded in 2012 with a mission of providing universal access to world-class learning. At no time in Coursera’s history has this mission been more relevant or urgent. The world is facing unprecedented economic disruption, and the need to develop skills for a digital future is even more apparent now. The pandemic has created irreversible changes to the ways universities, enterprises, and governments operate — and online learning will be at the heart of how the world responds. As we adapt to a “new normal,” Coursera is seeing unprecedented demand. Since mid-March, over 21 million learners have 70M 200 joined Coursera, a 353% increase from the same period last year. Similarly, during that time, we’ve seen more than 50 million Learners Partners course enrollments on Coursera, a 444% increase. Thousands of colleges and universities now offer Coursera to enrich their students’ learning experience. In Coursera’s inaugural impact report, you’ll find that how the world learns is dramatically changing.
    [Show full text]
  • Meeting Report
    Meeting report Consultation on the Development of Guidance on How to Incorporate the Results of Modelling into WHO Guidelines, Geneva, Switzerland, 27-29 April 2016 WHO/HIS/IER/REK/2017.2 © World Health Organization 2017 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ncsa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Consultation on the Development of Guidance on How to Incorporate the Results of Modelling into WHO Guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 (WHO/HIS/IER/REK/2017.2). Licence: CC BY NC-SA 3.0 IGO Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of SARS-Cov-2 Lateral Flow Assays For
    Respiratory infection Thorax: first published as 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215732 on 12 August 2020. Downloaded from ORIGINAL RESEARCH Clinical and laboratory evaluation of SARS- CoV-2 lateral flow assays for use in a national COVID-19 seroprevalence survey Barnaby Flower ,1,2 Jonathan C Brown ,1 Bryony Simmons,1 Maya Moshe,1 Rebecca Frise,1 Rebecca Penn,1 Ruthiran Kugathasan,1 Claire Petersen,3 Anna Daunt,1,3 Deborah Ashby,4 Steven Riley,4 Christina Joanne Atchison,2,4 Graham P Taylor,1 Sutha Satkunarajah,5 Lenny Naar,5 Robert Klaber,3 Anjna Badhan,1 Carolina Rosadas,1 Maryam Khan,1 Natalia Fernandez,1 Macià Sureda- Vives,6 Hannah M Cheeseman,1 Jessica O’Hara,1 Gianluca Fontana,5 Scott J C Pallett ,7,8 Michael Rayment,8 Rachael Jones,8 Luke S P Moore ,8,9 Myra O McClure,1 Peter Cherepanov,1 Richard Tedder,1 Hutan Ashrafian,10 Robin Shattock,1 Helen Ward,2,4 Ara Darzi,2,5 Paul Elliot,2,11 Wendy S Barclay,1 Graham S Cooke1,2 For numbered affiliations see ABSTRACT end of article. Background Accurate antibody tests are essential Key messages to monitor the SARS- CoV-2 pandemic. Lateral flow Correspondence to immunoassays (LFIAs) can deliver testing at scale. What is the key question? Dr Barnaby Flower, Infectious ► How well do lateral flow immunoassays Disease, Department of However, reported performance varies, and sensitivity Medicine, Imperial College analyses have generally been conducted on serum from perform in people who do not require London, London W2 1NY, UK; hospitalised patients. For use in community testing, hospitalisation, and how does finger- prick b.
    [Show full text]
  • City, University of London Institutional Repository
    City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: Ward, H. (2010). Sex work and health in London. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City University London) This is the accepted version of the paper. This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/8604/ Link to published version: Copyright: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. Reuse: Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ [email protected] SEX WORK AND HEALTH IN LONDON HELEN WARD Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) by prior publication City University London School of Community and Health Sciences February 2010 1 Table of contents LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Community Prevalence of SARS-Cov-2 Virus in England During May 2020: REACT Study
    medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.10.20150524; this version posted July 11, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license . Community prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in England during May 2020: REACT study 1,2, 1,2 1,2 REACT Study Investigators: Steven Riley *,​ Kylie E. C. Ainslie ,​ Oliver Eales ,​ Benjamin ​ ​ ​ 1,2 1,2 1 3 1 Jeffrey ,​ Caroline E. Walters ,​ Christina​ Atchison ,​ Peter J. Diggle ,​ Deborah Ashby ,​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,2,4 5,6,7 5 1,6,7 Christl A. Donnelly ,​ Graham Cooke ,​ Wendy Barclay ,​ Helen Ward ,​ Graham ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,6 6,7,8 1,6,7,9 Taylor ,​ Ara Darzi ,​ Paul Elliott *​ ​ ​ ​ 1 School​ of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK 2 MRC​ Centre for Global infectious Disease Analysis and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, UK ​ ​ 3 CHICAS,​ Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, UK 4 Department​ of Statistics, University of Oxford, UK 5 Department​ of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, UK 6 Imperial​ College Healthcare NHS Trust, UK 7 National​ Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical​ Research Centre, UK ​ 8 Institute​ of Global Health Innovation at Imperial College London, UK 9 MRC​ Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK *Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice.
    [Show full text]
  • Numbers and Narratives: Approaches to Understanding Patients’ Experiences.A
    XPA & HEALTH COMMUNICATION editorial Numbers and narratives: approaches to understanding patients’ experiences.A Helen Ward, Pr Director, Patient Experience Research Centre, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK. OPEN ACCESS I decided to use the title of numbers and narratives because if you’re thinking about patient experience and feedback there are many different ways of find- Citation: Ward H, (2019) Numbers and narratives: approaches to under- ing that. But for me, as a clinician, researcher and as a patient, I think the most standing patients’ experiences. XPA important thing is to understand, not just count. So that’s going to be the theme & Health Com. 2 of my presentation. Editor: Joan Escarrabill, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España. Twenty or thirty years ago we never talked about patient experience. We cer- Recived: 05 de Noviembre 2019 tainly didn’t measure it. We might have measured patient satisfaction, but not Accepted: 13 de Noviembre 2019 patient experience. In the last two decades there’s been an explosion of inter- Published: 1 Diciembre de 2019 est in this area, so why? The social context is that it comes out of many social Copyright: © 2019 Ward H. Este es movements. I started my medical career working in HIV and sexual health, and un artículo de acceso abierto dis- HIV patients - certainly at the beginning of the epidemic - demanded that we tribuido bajo los términos de la Crea- tive Commons Attribution License, paid more attention to their needs. They were already - as gay men, as Black que permite el uso, la distribución Africans - mobilized and actively seeking rights, and that activism translated y la reproducción sin restricciones en cualquier medio, siempre que se over into demanding better healthcare.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparing Public Perceptions and Preventive Behaviors During the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
    JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH Bowman et al Original Paper Comparing Public Perceptions and Preventive Behaviors During the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom: Cross-sectional Survey Study Leigh Bowman1, PhD; Kin On Kwok2,3,4, PhD; Rozlyn Redd5, PhD; Yuanyuan Yi2, MPH; Helen Ward1,5, PhD; Wan In Wei2, MPhil; Christina Atchison5, PhD; Samuel Yeung-Shan Wong2, MD 1MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom 2JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong 3Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong 4Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong 5Patient Experience Research Centre, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom Corresponding Author: Kin On Kwok, PhD JC School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong Kong Room 419, 4/F, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care Building, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong Phone: 852 22528405 Email: [email protected] Abstract Background: Given the public health responses to previous respiratory disease pandemics, and in the absence of treatments and vaccines, the mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic relies on population engagement in nonpharmaceutical interventions. This engagement is largely driven by risk perception, anxiety levels, and knowledge, as well as by historical exposure to disease outbreaks, government responses, and cultural factors.
    [Show full text]
  • Translational Epidemiology: Developing and Applying Theoretical Frameworks to Improve the Control of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infec- Tions
    Ward, H; Gregson, S; Watts, C; Garnett, GP (2014) Translational Epidemiology: Developing and Applying Theoretical Frameworks to Improve the Control of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infec- tions. The Journal of infectious diseases, 210 Su. S547-8. ISSN 0022-1899 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu559 Downloaded from: http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2025488/ DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu559 Usage Guidelines Please refer to usage guidelines at http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/policies.html or alterna- tively contact [email protected]. Available under license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ SUPPLEMENT ARTICLE Translational Epidemiology: Developing and Applying Theoretical Frameworks to Improve the Control of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Helen Ward,1 Simon Gregson,1 Charlotte Watts,2 and Geoffrey P. Garnett3 1Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, and 2Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; and 3Integrated Delivery Department, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington The continued burden of disease caused by sexually of STI incidence and prevalence. Theoretical frameworks transmitted infections (STIs), with 499 million cases can be constructed to embody hypotheses about how of curable infections each year [1–3], constitutes a pub- these factors interact. Such frameworks allow us to struc- lic health failure. Even
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report of the Jameel Institute
    Annual report of the Jameel Institute https://www.imperial.ac.uk/jameel-institute/ 2020 Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA) The year since we launched the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (also known as the Jameel Institute) has been incredible. We are so fortunate to have created this timely and powerful new partnership. Imperial College London combined its amazing academic strength with a world-leading foundation, Community Jameel, just before the world was so quickly turned upside down by an emergency of epic proportions. The global leadership the Jameel Institute has shown was driven by its tireless leaders: Professor Neil Ferguson and Dr Katherina Hauck, and their incredible team members. They have worked night and day to advance understanding of the pandemic and provide rational, evidence-based advice to governments globally. Their scientific papers have changed the world. Speed is critical in the beginning of a pandemic. Their paper on the 17th of January analysing the three cases outside of China was the clarion call for the world to recognise that this was “substantial human-to-human transmission”. They have put out 39 more reports, numerous sources of information, maps to drive policy and planning, and a highly popular online course with Coursera: “Let’s Talk about COVID-19”. The Jameel Institute’s work on chronic and other infectious diseases, our community and government engagement on education and policy, and our training of the next generation of public health leaders, is proceeding at pace despite the disruption to ways of working.
    [Show full text]
  • When Will the COVID-19 Pandemic End? an Update
    Healthcare Systems & Services Practice When will the COVID-19 pandemic end? An update Recent news on vaccine and antibody trials has raised hopes worldwide. When will vaccines be available? And is the end of COVID-19 nearer? Here we update our September 21 outlook. by Sarun Charumilind, Matt Craven, Jessica Lamb, Adam Sabow, and Matt Wilson © Svetikd/Getty Images November 2020 Since we published our first outlook, on The short answer is that the latest developments September 21, the COVID-19 pandemic has raged serve mainly to reduce the uncertainty of the timeline on, with more than 25 million additional cases and (Exhibit 1). The positive readouts from the vaccine trials more than 400,000 additional deaths. While the mean that the United States will most likely reach an situation looks somewhat better in parts of the epidemiological end to the pandemic (herd immunity) Southern Hemisphere, much of Europe and North in Q3 or Q4 2021. An earlier timeline to reach herd America is in the midst of a “fall wave,” with the immunity—for example, Q1/Q2 of 2021—is now less prospect of a difficult winter ahead. Yet the past likely, as is a later timeline (2022). If we are able to pair two weeks have brought renewed hope, headlined these vaccines with more effective implementation of by final data from the Pfizer/BioNTech1 vaccine public-health measures and effective scale-up of new trial and interim data from the Moderna trial, both treatments and diagnostics, alongside the benefits of showing efficacy of approximately 95 percent2; and seasonality, we may also be able to reduce mortality progress on therapeutics.
    [Show full text]
  • Online Community Involvement in COVID-19 Research & Outbreak
    03 April 2020 Imperial College London COVID-19 Response Team Report 14: Online Community Involvement in COVID-19 Research & Outbreak Response: Early Insights from a UK Perspective Philippa Pristerà, Vasiliki Papageorgiou, Meerat Kaur, Christina Atchison, Rozlyn Redd, Leigh Bowman, Maria Piggin, Helen Ward Patient Experience Research Centre NIHR Applied Research Collaborative North West London MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA) Imperial College London Acknowledgement: The study was supported by Imperial NIHR Biomedical Research Centre funding and the Wellcome Trust People Like You Collaborative Award 205456/7/17/7. Professor Ward is an NIHR Senior Investigator. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. Correspondence: [email protected] Background As part of the Imperial College COVID-19 Response, we are developing research to explore and understand people’s views about, experiences of and behavioural responses to the 2019-novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, in the UK and elsewhere. To guide that effort and to help inform COVID-19 research and responses more broadly, for example in mathematical modelling and policy, we launched an online community involvement initiative that sought rapid, early insight from members of the public and aimed to establish a network for ongoing community engagement. From previous outbreaks (SARS, pandemic influenza, Ebola) it was clear that early engagement with communities is an essential part of outbreak response. Limiting the impact of a new infection like COVID-19 includes several interventions that depend on people changing their daily routines.
    [Show full text]
  • Report 10: Public Response to UK Government Recommendations on COVID-19: Population Survey, 17-18 March 2020
    20 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team Report 10: Public Response to UK Government Recommendations on COVID-19: Population Survey, 17-18 March 2020 Christina Atchison, Leigh Bowman, Jeffrey W Eaton, Natsuko Imai, Rozlyn Redd, Philippa Pristera, Charlotte Vrinten, Helen Ward Patient Experience Research Centre MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA) Business School Imperial College London Acknowledgement: The study was supported by Imperial NIHR Research Capability Funding. Professor Ward is a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. We thank Prof Kin On Kwok and Dr Wan In Wei from JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 8 Special Administrative Region, China for permission to use parts of their survey instrument and for translating it into English for us (Kwok et al). Correspondence: [email protected] Summary On Monday 16th March 2020 the UK government announced new actions to control COVID-19. These recommendations directly affected the entire UK population, and included the following: stop non- essential contact with others; stop all unnecessary travel; start working from home where possible; avoid pubs, clubs, theatres and other such social venues; and to isolate at home for 14 days if anyone in the household has a high temperature or a new and continuous cough. To capture public sentiment towards these recommendations, a YouGov survey was commissioned by the Patient Experience Research Centre (PERC), Imperial College London.
    [Show full text]