Reedley College Fall October 2017 Reading & Writing Center presents...

The Paper Jam Fall 2017

By Gabriella Quijano Inside this issue Halloween and Thanksgiving are October Authors ……..2 the most anticipated holidays in Horoscopes ...... 4 Fall. But before everyone puts History of Jack-o- on their costumes and starts lanterns ...... 5 decorating their houses, let’s Chocolate! ...... 7 take a minute to wander through the change of seasons. Somewhere in mid to late September, cold air starts rifling through our clothes on our Grammar Corner: ..... 8 daily outings. We suddenly feel chilly in our tank tops and shorts, and Word Search ...... 9 the heat from the sun isn’t beating down on us as it used to: instead, it IT: Movie Review ...... 11 radiates warmth. The trees change into their red, orange, yellow, and Anne Rice ...... 12 auburn leaves, and before you know it, the familiar crunch of leaves are Mary Shelly ...... 14 beneath your feet. But, we all know that Fall doesn’t officially start until Starbucks releases their most beloved drink: Pumpkin. Spice. Lattes. October Poem Pick ... 15 They are everywhere you look. Stores begin to bring out their Hallow- een and Fall decorations, food aisles are stocked to the brim with cinna- mon, hot chocolate, and marshmallows, and you can almost feel the shift in demeanor: everyone seems happier, and they welcome a cool change from the unbearably hot and humid weather, and this momen- tum is directed toward Halloween. Continued on page 6 Born in October By: Kimberly Baker & Veronica Vela

Anne Tyler “Life is continual shoring up...against one thing and another just eroding and crumbling away.” -Anne Tyler

Arthur Miller “Why am I trying to become what I don’t want to be...when all I want is out there, waiting for me the minute I say I know who I am.” -Arthur Miller

Dylan Thomas “Do not go gentle into that good night, old age should burn and rave at close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of light.” -Dylan Thomas

2 E. E. Cummings “and it’s you are whatever a moon has always meant and whatever a sun will always sing is you.” - E.E. Cummings

Gore Vidal

“Nothing that ever was changes. Yet nothing that is can ever be the same as what went before.” -Gore Vidal

Harold Pinter “You’re death. You can’t live, you can’t think, you can’t love, you’re dead. You’re a plague gone bad. There’s no juice in you. You’re nothing but an odor.” -Harold Pinter

Famous Authors continued on page 10

3 By Saul Avila ined logically. Critics say that astrologers rely You might ask yourself: Why should I read significantly on confirmation bias (evidence about my horoscope? Why does it matter to that supports an individual’s beliefs while ig- me? What can I get out of it? Why should I noring other evidence that results in a different continue reading? A Horoscope is a forecast of conclusion) and personal experience to explain an individual’s character and personality traits phenomena. Regarding Horoscopes, each based on the position of the sun, moon, stars, statement is seemingly general so an individual and planets. The same general idea is derived from astrology and ancient astronomers who were really astrologers. The zodiac signs for Western astrology include: Aries, Leo Sagittari- us, Taurus, Virgo, Capricorn, Gemini, Libra, Aquarius, Cancer, Scorpio, and Pisces. If you look up your sign, you will find a yearly, month- ly, weekly and even a daily supposed prophecy. Supporters of Horoscopes have conducted re- search to discover the validity of Astrology. Their findings have closely correlated planets and humans on earth. They have also proposed that Astrology by definition, is not an explicit can be sort of cheated into believing a state- science, just like economics, sociology, cooking, ment which essentially becomes a prophecy if and even meteorology. These disciplines do they believe it to be true. You may start to not have a strong scientific basis, but can often wonder: Does the correlation hold validity or is produce valuable results when trials are con- just plain superstition? How can the position of ducted. Supporters claim that astrology does objects in the universe influence my life? not follow the scientific method, yet still holds Whether you believe in Horoscopes or not, you some validity. Opponents of Horoscopes claim still must decide if the prophetic messages will that astrology come true. In my opinion, our goals or dreams is just pseudo- only come true if you believe in them yourself. science. They You cannot expect things to be given you, but refer to astrol- rather you must make an effort to achieve ogy as pseudo goals in your life. Maybe, the universe does not meaning have to influence you, but you and your abili- “false”, be- ties can influence the universe. cause many inconsistencies that arise when exam- 4 Horoscopes continued on page 11 By Alberto Gallegos as a family, decorating it with a spooky Every October, during the time of frighten- face, illuminating it with a candle and dis- ing costumes and sugar rushes, we often playing it in their homes to get ready for see our neighbors’ porches decorated with Halloween night. Carving pumpkins and creative carved jack-o-lanterns. A lot of us creating the perfect Jack-o-lantern has visit our nearest pumpkin patch, a tradition been part of my family tradition since I was that has been around for centuries, in very young. I can remember going to Reed- search of the perfect pumpkin. Where did ley’s Hillcrest Pumpkin Patch every year the idea of carving Jack-o-lanterns come and picking out the perfect pumpkin to from? Originally, the tradition of carving take home. That experience is what shaped Jack-o’-lanterns was brought over to Amer- my excitement for Halloween, especially ica by Irish immigrants. What is interesting being able to become the artist of my own is that pumpkins did not exist in Ireland. In jack-o-lantern. It’s an experience that many fact, the original Jack-o-lantern that the have grown to love, as I have, and has be- Irish carved were turnips with embers in- come a bonding time for families, couples, side of them, which they believed scared friends, etc. My family and I get together away evil spirits. There is a Jack-o-lantern the weekend before Halloween with our fable that has been told for hundreds of pumpkins, and form fun competitions years in the Irish culture. The fable focuses amongst each other to see who can make on Stingy Jack, who was an old drunk that the best-looking Jack-o-lantern. Using carv- enjoyed playing tricks on everyone. He ing knives and getting the pumpkins flesh ended up roaming earth with his lit-up Jack and seeds out can be a very messy experi- -o-lantern without a resting place after he ence, but is very satisfying once you create had passed away. The Irish believed that by your image on the pumpkin and put it on hollowing out turnips and placing a light in display. The challenge of carving an image them Stingy Jack and his evil spirits would perfectly on a pumpkin can even be a way stay away. In America, these Jack-o- to cope with stress, especially as mid-terms approach, where college work piles up on lanterns are used solely for a symbol that represents the holiday called Halloween. you. Therefore, if carving up a Jack-o- Jack-o-lanterns have become very popular lantern has never been something you’ve in American society, and are used as deco- done before, maybe trying it out this year rative figures among different environ- can be a fun distraction or the start of a ments to show their October festive spirits. new tradition you can share with your Every year, people go out of their way to loved ones. find the perfect pumpkin to carve together 5 Continued from front page. October is nothing more than a giant countdown: everyone is waiting for that one day at the end of the month. Halloween City opens their doors to the eager patrons who are looking for the perfect costume; Daenerys Targaryen, Wonder Woman, Pennywise the Clown. YouTube explodes with “How-to” makeup videos, and Youtubers push out their latest creations. At your local Walmart, the costume aisle is filled with the occasional scream from someone jump-scaring another person: parents scare child, sibling scares younger sibling, friend scares friend. And finally, on that fateful day, kids Qui- jano 2 put on their sacred costume, teenagers slap something together, and parents lovingly dress up as best they can or not at all. Mountains of candy are ogled by the hungry kids, and dentists are lying in wait and laughing maniacal- ly. At 6:59, kids are at the starting line. Their minds racing with, “who has the full-sized candy bars?” and “how much trouble will I get into if I push these kids away from the good candy?” And at the sound of a gunshot (an announce- ment), the race beings! Parents follow their kids through the sea of people and go from house to house, until their child, and themselves, are exhausted. After the rush of Halloween is over, Thanksgiving makes its way through your home, much like that uninvited and unnamed “guest” at your Thanksgiving dinner. College students from across the country fly home to their families for Thanks- giving, but in reality, they’re just looking forward to the leftovers they can take back with them. Stores replace their Halloween decorations with turkeys. Fam- ilies pack into the car and grocery shop for the Thanksgiving basics: Turkey, ham, pumpkin pie, and stuffing. In schools, children come home with handprinted turkeys. On Thanksgiving Day, your families parade through the house watching whatever football game is on television and wait for all the food to finish cooking. But before you start eating, here’s a piece of advice from me to you: In the middle of the football game, unimportant chatter, and cooking, stop for a minute and just soak in the candid moments in your home—the laughs shared, the barking of orders in the kitchen, and the love shared between you family because in the end, that’s what is most important.

6 By: Janelie Garcia powder, cocoa butter, and chocolate. After As Halloween approaches, everybody gets the beans are extracted the farmers then ready for their favorite kind of candy, and for take the beans to be fermented and dried many, anything chocolate will do! Chocolate before they are ready to be bagged and sold. is generally harvested in Central and South When it comes to actually selling the cocoa America, West Africa, and Southeast Asia. beans there are two ways to do so. The trade The locations where the Theobroma cacao, often happens between small traders and most commonly known as the cacao tree, is wholesalers. Small traders go to the farmers grown it is revealed the kind of climate need- of the cocoa beans and buy from them ed for these plants. In order for the cacao whereas wholesalers buy from the small tree to flourish it needs to be planted in rain- traders but then they will sell it to exporters. forests, seems to have the perfect climate Then there is a form of trade where the for these plants. The website for the Interna- farmers will sell to the exporters themselves. tional Cacao Organization (ICO) states, According to the National Confederation As- "Cocoa plants respond well to relatively high sociation's website, "The confectionary in- temperatures, with a maximum annual aver- dustry has a direct economic impact of $35 age of 30 - 32ºC and a minimum average of billion." Chocolate alone makes up 60% of 18 - 21ºC." The rainfall, humidity, and tem- the candy sales. The current status of trade perature all play a vital role in allowing these on chocolate in the United States alone is plants to produce cacao beans. The cacao estimated to grow another 6% in 2017, tree takes around three to five years to which would bring it to $22.4 billion, as rec- grow, according to the ICO. Due to the fact orded by the National Confederation Associ- that it takes a while for the tree to grow it is ation (NCA). The candy industry is incredibly difficult for smaller farmers to enter the ca- large seeing as how much of an impact it has cao growing industry. However, once cacao on the economy. trees begin to produce beans it is estimated Contin- ued on to last around twenty-five years, if looked page after properly. The International Cacao Or- 12 ganization also mentions the process in which the cacao becomes chocolate. They start with extracting the pods from the branches of a cacao tree then the beans from those pods are extract- ed. The cacao beans produce cocoa

7 Wacky, Witty, or Wise: How to Write a Great Title By: Elizabeth Kleinkramer Titles are Underrated. They get slapped at the top of a paper, and few students take time to carefully craft their titles. Titles are extremely important, as they draw your reader in and give him or her an overview about your paper. Writing a title can be tricky, but there is a simple formula to help you remember how to construct a title that will both hook your reader and inform him or her. A good title should have two parts. The first part of the title should be catchy. It can be clever, fun- ny, or insightful. Many writers choose to create a metaphor that relates to their paper. Another op- tion is a quote from the book or article you are writing about. The purpose of this part of the title is to grab your reader. You want this title to be interesting and compel you reader to keep reading your paper. If I were writing a paper about Romeo and Juliet and the role of destiny in their star- crossed love, the catchy part of my could be “Fateful Love.” This part of my title lets my reader know that my paper will be about love and tragedy, and it catches his or her attention. However, writers cannot have only a clever title, which is where the literal title comes in. The literal title’s job is to in- form the reader. While the catchy title is fun and interesting, the literal title serves as a clue to the essay’s content. Writers often include part of their thesis or main points in the literal title. For my Romeo and Juliet essay I might add, “The Role of Destiny in William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juli- et.” Together my essay’s title would be “Fateful Love: The Role of Destiny in William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet.” This title grabs my reader’s attention and informs him or her on the topic of my essay. Titles are daunting, but by using the “Catchy Title: Literal Title” formula, they become clearer. Writing a title is as simple as creating a witty turn of phrase to grab your audience, and then adding an informative phrase about your essay topic. You have all the tools you need to write titles that wow your readers (and more importantly, your teachers!). Next time a space looms at the top of your paper, don’t be afraid to fill it with a fun and informative title.

8 Fun in the Fall

A N A S H S F S Y P T H I B P P M C S T A C O A Z A S O M O P U O W H Q L T R R E U A P Z L T R X A W C L V A N E U E L E U N Y N H O E O T G M R E F K A H E K C S R I W P I A B Y P S S K S T O F C K E V N K M Q W A R G R U R I E E E O G A F E U U I L E N N S R O N J P G E Q T V P I E J U P A W H L R T S Z I M A Y T S C D C O E A G B K N O T A T O P O P S W I H O M G C O B W E B S P C A N H A Y S T A C K D P M D I N S P O P I L G R I M B O P K A

ACORN GRAINS POTATO APPLE HALLOWEEN PUMPKIN AUTUMN

HARVEST SCARECROW BOUNTIFUL HAYSTACK SPOOKY BREEZY

LEAVES SQUASH COBWEBS MAPLE SWEET CORNUCOPIA PATCH

THANKSGIVING FEAST PIE TURKEY FORAGING PILGRIM YAM

9 Independence and enterprise will not work for you in October 2017. Instead go for compro- mise and cooperation. Professional growth is su- perb. Financial prospects are wonderful. Jupiter will help you to get married if you are a single. Be careful about your health.

Sylvia Plath

“I wanted to be where nobody I knew could ever come” - Sylvia Plath

Oscar Wilde “ I don’t want to be at the mercy of my emotions. I want to use them, to enjoy them, and to dominate them.” -Oscar Wilde

10 some background on the characters, so when I compared the new to the old, the new IT had a better outcome. A couple reasons why IT was so successful in the modern age is because of the cast, special effects, and the nostalgia. King does an excellent job for the IT cast, for each charac- ter had their piece and their own stories. It had some comedic twists from the boy from Netflix’s Stranger Things (Finn Wolfhard) and emotional moments from Bill Denbrough (Jaeden Lieber- her). From Georgie to Pennywise (Bill Skarsgard) himself, made this movie great all around. Not only is the cast chosen wisely, but the special effects also brought the film together. Specifical- ly, the scene where Georgie chases his boat to By Marshall Hodson the sewers. King made Pennywise appear unu- sually friendly/childlike, which assisted in build- Twenty-seven years ago, a very particular Ste- ing the suspense within the scene. Not only that, phen King movie came out to haunt the past but when he bites Georgie’s (Jackson Scott) arm, generation. Now in present day, that same mov- and drags him out of the streets and into the ie was recreated to strike fear into modern day sewers, he revealed all of his teeth (hidden so culture. Stephen King’s IT makes for an excellent well behind his clown mouth) which made the horror/thriller genre, and it is definitely one of audience gasp in shock. Lastly, the nostalgia for the better movies; not only did IT do great for this film is what ultimately made IT a horror the month, but near the year’s end as well. movie which will likely create a whole new gen- While some will say the movie was over-hyped, I eration of fans. The evil clown craze which ar- can say that it did a good job for an amazing rived twenty-seven years ago is back again and horror film. I was told that it had way too much reminds us horror fans how much fun it is when background when considering the children, but I we are told… feel that was something King did perfect on. How could someone just want jump scares throughout a 2 hour and 15 minute movie? That “DON’T WATCH ALONE!!!” would get old fairly fast. The audience needs

11 Continued from page 7

Looking into how beneficial chocolate alone is to corporations it is easy to overlook what happens to the farmers who grow the Theobroma cacao. Chocolate makes up a large portion of the candy industry, and America is at the forefront. In America, chocolate can be found in virtually every store, whether it be in a convenience store or a high-end store. The chocolate industry is thriving in America, because of how easy it is to gain ac- cess to it. There are many holidays that incorporate chocolate; Valentine's Day, Christ- mas, and Halloween. Chocolate itself can be considered a cause for celebration, which is why it continues to be a popular staple for Americans.

Vampire Lit.

By: Bruno Cazares Writer Anne Rice has written for a multitude of genres in her career. From Christian fiction to horror and even fantasy, Rice’s career has spanned many different genres. However, The Vampire Chronicles remains her most popular and influ- ential series. Revolving around the character Lestat, a French nobleman turned vampire, The Vampire Chronicles tells the story of his life and adventures. Rice’s vampires differ from traditional depictions, because Rice adds a hu- man quality to her characters and explores them as ordinary human characters. These differences make Rice’s world feel new and different. When working on a genre as old as Vam- pire Literature, making one’s work feel fresh is oftentimes difficult to accomplish. Rice however, found a way to distill Vampire Literature and create something new that would later go on to influence the rest of the genre. Vampire Liter- ature began in the 18th century as a genre of poetry before becoming one of the staples of gothic fiction.

12 During most of the 19th century, vampire litera- began to fall into more conventional sexual roles. ture was little more than short novellas which re- Even in this new age for Vampire Literature, Anne volved around a singular vampire often with bit of Rice’s influence can be felt in the characters and erotica fiction as well. It wasn’t until 1897 when stories from across the genre. Vampire Literature Bram Stoker’s Dracula became the defining work is an ever evolving, and longstanding genre of liter- of vampire literature that Vampire Literature start- ature. Rice’s stories and characters however seem ed to have its own voice. Stoker transformed vam- to have done the impossible, even after more than pirism into a disease-like condition, which would one hundred years of Vampire Literature, Anne be transferred to others via a bite. The supernatu- Rice created a world that was completely its own ral aura that Stoker assigned to Transylvania in and at the same time influenced what was to Dracula remains there to this day. Another influ- come in the modern day. ence that Stoker’s Dracula had on Vampire Litera- ture was the character of Abraham Val Helsing, a vampire hunter who would go on to claim as much fame and popularity as the beings he hunted. In the early 20th century, the silent film Nosferatu was released as an unauthorized adaptation of Bram Stoker’s Dracula. After a legal battle with the Stoker estate, a court ruled that all copies of Nosferatu be destroyed, but a few still sur- vive to this day where the film is regarded as a masterpiece of cinema. Also in the 20th centu- ry, Vampire Literature began to expand into other genres besides Gothic fiction. Science fic- tion blended the ideas of vampirism and aliens in new and inventive ways. In the mid-20th cen- tury, another seminal work of vampire litera- ture would be released, Richard Matheson’s I Am Legend. Set in a future version of Los Ange- les, where a pandemic has turned all but one of the city’s inhabitants into blood sucking, nocturnal creatures. In the late 20th century many writers began to pen vampire stories which spanned mul- tiple volumes. The 21st century saw another ex- pansion of Vampire Literature, this time into such genres as Paranormal romance and Young Adult fiction. In earlier Vampire Literature many of the characters had an open sexuality, but as the 21st century began many characters in vampire fiction

13 1910– Frankenstein A short sixteen minute The Real Creator of an Iconic Monster film by Edison Studios. By Clara Munoz 1931 Frankenstein Mary Shelley is famously known for her literary work, Frank- Released by Universal Pictures and Adapted enstein. Shelley was born on August 30, 1797 at the age of from the Peggy Web- ling play twenty-one she released one of the most iconic monster sto- 1944 House of Franken- ries of American cultural history into this day in age. This fa- stein Directed by Erle C. Kenton and mous piece of literature was published in 1818. Shelley’s stars Boris Karloff and Lon Chaney writing was not published until the author was already mar- 1957 The Curse of Frankenstein ried to her husband, Percy Bysshe. Shelley was later widowed Screenplay by Jimmy Sangster and directed by at the age of twenty-four and faced the burden of sup- 1964 The Evil of Frankenstein Terence Fisher porting her and her young son as a single mother. Her nov- Directed by Freddie Francis and screen- els provided a source of income for her and her adolescent play by Anthony Hinds. son. Her two other children, another boy and a little girl both passed away. Shelley often drew her inspiration for her 1970 Horror of writing from the tragedies surrounding her life, such as her Frankenstein husband’s death or the premature death of her second son Directed by Jimmy Sangster and Screen- and daughter. She also grieved her half-sister’s suicide by 1982 Frankenstein play by Mary Shelley, drowning. Later, Shelley moved to Italy with her son Percy Directed by James Ormerod and a Jimmy Sangster and cast including Carrie Fisher and Terry Jeremy Burnham. Florence Shelley. Shelley later passed away from brain cancer Alexander. on February 1, 1851 in London where she was later buried. The author published other works such as Valperga (1823), The Last Man (1826), an autobiography titled Lodore (1835), 1994 Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein and along with other works. Shelley later died from brain can- Directed Kenneth Bra- cer, but leaving behind a story to be told over and over. Both 2005 Frankenstein Re- nagh and included born Robert De Niro Frankenstein and Modern Prometheus were initially released Directed by Leigh Scott and under an anonymous author or pen name. Though the tale of produced by The Asylum com- Frankenstein is portrayed throughout time, it is rarely shown pany 2015 Victor Frankenstein in the same way. Shelley was subject to the criticism of her Directed by Paul McGuigan father in law which lead her to struggle, ‘“I can never write and staring James McAvoy and Daniel Radcliff verses… except under the influence of a strong sentiment & seldom even then.”’ Shelley’s legacy lives on, not only through her kin, but also through her legendary writing proving that it is possible to leave behind an immortal legacy. Continuing to impact readers of all ages, especially during Halloween where children and adults will surely dress up as Victor Franken- stein’s monster. Since her passing, Shelley’s legacy lives on with various adaptations of her famous work. To the recrea- tions of this timeless tale include the latest, Victor Franken- stein and Frankenstein Reborn.

14 Spirits of the Dead by Edgar Allan Poe (published 1829)

Thy soul shall find itself alone 'Mid dark thoughts of the grey tomb-stone -- Not one, of all the crowd, to pry Into thine hour of secrecy: Be silent in that solitude Which is not loneliness -- for then The spirits of the dead who stood In life before thee are again In death around thee -- and their will Shall then overshadow thee: be still.

For the night -- tho' clear -- shall frown -- And the stars shall look not down, From their high thrones in the Heaven, With light like Hope to mortals given -- But their red orbs, without beam, To thy weariness shall seem Write your own Haiku…5 - 7 - 5 As a burning and a fever Which would cling to thee for ever : For example… Now are thoughts thou shalt not banish -- Trick or treating time Now are visions ne'er to vanish -- Ghosts are out to frighten you From thy spirit shall they pass No more -- like dew-drop from the grass: Witches cast some spells Now you try! The breeze -- the breath of God -- is still-- And the mist upon the hill ______Shadowy -- shadowy -- yet unbroken, Is a symbol and a token -- ______How it hangs upon the trees, A mystery of mysteries ______

15 October 2017

 Breast Cancer Awareness Month Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat  1 - Int’l Coffee Day  2-6 Int’l Tutor 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Appreciation Wk.  5 - Poetry Day  6 - World Smile 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Day  9 - Columbus Day  10 - World Mental Health Day 15 16 17 18 19 20 21  28 - Chocolate Day  29 - National Cat Day 22 23 24 25 26 27 28  31 - HALLOWEEN

29 30 31

Marigold

Tues. Oct. 24th 12 pm Math Center FEM 1

Tues. Nov. 28th 5pm Student Center