Luminol Blood Detection

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California State University of Bakersfield, Department of Chemistry Blood Detection Using Luminol Standards: 2-PS1-1. Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties. 5-PS1-3. Make observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties. HS-PS1-2. Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties. HS-PS1-4. Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy. Introduction: Have you ever wondered how Crime Scene Investigators (CSI) are able to make blood glow at suspected crime scenes? Bring out your inner CSI self and enjoy this amazing project. Test it on fresh blood and older blood to see the different results. Also try different blood to see the variance. Materials: ● 0.2 grams Luminol ● 10 mL Hydrogen Peroxide (3%) ● 25 g Potassium Hydroxide ● Blood Safety: ● Always have an adult with you to help you during your experiment. ● Always wear eye protection and gloves when doing chemistry experiments. Procedure: 1. Measure 0.2 g of Luminol. 2. Measure 15 g of Potassium Hydroxide. 3. Mix Luminol and Potassium Hydroxide in 250 mL of water. 4. Take 10 mL of the Luminol and the Potassium Hydroxide solution and add it to 10 mL of Hydrogen Peroxide. 5. Pour the solution into a clean spray bottle. To make more spray continue adding 10 mL of each of the solutions together. 6. Find a source of blood. If you decide to prick a finger, do so in a safe manner with clean needles and sterile alcohol pads. Data and Observations: Record your observations in this space Questions: What did you see? Anything you were not expecting? Describe it here. References: 1. Helmensteine, Anne. Luminol Chemiluminescence Test for Blood. About.com/Chemistry. http://chemistry.about.com/od/glowinthedarkprojects/a/luminolblood.htm.

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Photography of Bloodstains Visualized by Luminol
J Forensic Sci, Oct. 1973, Vol. 18, No. 4 R. A. Zweidinger, ~ Ph.D., L. T. Lytle, 2 M.S., and C, G. Pitt, ~ Ph.D. Photography of Bloodstains Visualized by Luminol The chemical tests for blood currently in use depend upon the detection of hemoglobin or one of its derivatives [1]. Hemoglobin has several properties which make it suitable for this purpose. The most important, due to its sensitivity, is the peroxidase activity of hemo- globin heme which forms the basis of the benzidine, leuco-malachite green, phenol- phthalein, and luminol tests for blood. The luminol test, which is based on the visual observation of chemiluminescence, is particularly useful forensically because of its sensi- tivity; as a spray reagent, it also permits the detection and observation of the shape and fine structure of the bloodstains which would otherwise be invisible to the naked eye [2-51. While it is obviously desirable to be able to obtain a permanent record of luminol visualized bloodstains for court evidence, photography has previously been of little value because of the low intensity and short duration of the luminescence. However, recent advances in high speed film have justified a reappraisal, and here we describe experimental conditions which have been successfully employed to obtain a photographic record. Modifications of the Luminol Test Prior to photographic studies it was necessary to determine the optimum experimental conditions of the luminol test, in terms of intensity and duration of light emission. The standard luminol spray reagent [1] was taken as a point of reference for evaluating other formulations.
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