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I ANNETE BONNET CARACTERIZAÇÃO ANNETE BONNET CARACTERIZAÇÃO FITOSSOCIOLÓGICA DAS BROMELIÁCEAS EPIFÍTICAS E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM OS FATORES GEOMORFOLÓGICOS E PEDOLÓGICOS DA PLANÍCIE DO RIO IGUAÇU, PARANÁ, BRASIL Tese apresentada como requisito à obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Florestais, área de concentração Conservação da Natureza, pelo Curso de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Carlos Vellozo Roderjan CURITIBA 2006 i Dedico este estudo e agradeço profundamente o amor pelo tema a minha mãe in memoriam ii AGRADECIMENTOS À minha família, de coração, pelo apoio e amor. Ao meu marido Gustavo Ribas Curcio, a quem serei sempre grata por todo o amor, carinho e ensinamentos, orientação, companheirismo e profissionalismo. Ao orientador e amigo Carlos Vellozo Roderjan, aos amigos Franklin Galvão e Yoshiko Kuniyoshi, a ajuda, disponibilidade e bom humor constantes. A Osmir José Lavoranti, co-orientador, pela enorme paciência e amizade. Ao amigão e companheiro de tese, Murilo Lacerda Barddal; valeu muitíssimo nossa convivência, e ainda mais, a amizade com a família, Silvia e João Vítor. Às amigas Débora Pestana e Lígia Souza, em especial, como também a todas as amizades feitas na “floresta”. Em particular, a todas as pessoas das cidades que fizeram parte do roteiro, como também àqueles que compartilharam nossos trabalhos de campo, tornando nossas viagens tão especiais e prazerosas! À Embrapa Florestas, sem a qual este trabalho não teria sido realizado, e a Swedish Match do Brasil, por conservar suas florestas fluviais e facilitar nosso acesso para estudo. A CAPES e ao CNPq pelas bolsas de financiamento ao longo de todo o período. iii SUMÁRIO LISTA DE TABELAS.............................................................................................................viii LISTA DE FIGURAS...............................................................................................................xii RESUMO...............................................................................................................................xvii ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................................xviii 1 INTRODUÇÃO.......................................................................................................................1 2 REVISÃO DE LITERATURA 2.1 GEOLOGIA.........................................................................................................................3 2.2 GEOMORFOLOGIA............................................................................................................7 2.3 SOLOS.............................................................................................................................12 2.4 CLIMA...............................................................................................................................18 2.5 VEGETAÇÃO...................................................................................................................20 2.6 FLORESTAS FLUVIAIS...................................................................................................23 2.7 EPIFITISMO EM BROMELIACEAE..................................................................................27 3 MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS 3.1 ÁREA DE ESTUDOS........................................................................................................36 3.1.1 Interpretação do Material Cartográfico e Seleção das Áreas de Estudo.......................36 3.1.2 Caracterização do Rio Iguaçu.......................................................................................38 3.1.3 Localização....................................................................................................................39 3.2 PROCEDIMENTO METODOLÓGICO..............................................................................40 3.2.1 Levantamento Florístico e Fitossociológico...................................................................40 3.2.2 Caracterização de Bromeliaceae...................................................................................41 3.2.3 Identificação Taxonômica..............................................................................................44 3.2.4 Análise dos Dados – Forófitos.......................................................................................45 3.2.5 Análise dos Dados – Bromeliaceae...............................................................................46 4 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÕES 4.1 FAMÍLIA BROMELIACEAE NAS FLORESTAS DA PLANÍCIE DO RIO IGUAÇU ..........51 4.2 COMPARTIMENTO GNÁISSICO MIGMATÍTICO COSTEIRO 4.2.1 Superfície de Agradação 4.2.1.1 Descrição do ambiente...............................................................................................66 4.2.1.2 Caracterização do componente arbóreo....................................................................67 4.2.1.3 Colonização das árvores pelas bromélias..................................................................70 4.2.1.4 Fitossociologia de Bromeliaceae................................................................................71 4.2.2 Superfície de Degradação 4.2.2.1 Descrição do ambiente...............................................................................................78 4.2.2.2 Caracterização do componente arbóreo....................................................................79 4.2.2.3 Colonização das árvores pelas bromélias..................................................................81 4.2.2.4 Fitossociologia de Bromeliaceae................................................................................82 4.3 COMPARTIMENTO CAMPO DO TENENTE 4.3.1 Superfície de Agradação 4.3.1.1 Descrição do ambiente...............................................................................................88 4.3.1.2 Caracterização do componente arbóreo....................................................................89 4.3.1.3 Colonização das árvores pelas bromélias..................................................................91 4.3.1.4 Fitossociologia de Bromeliaceae................................................................................93 4.3.2 Superfície de Degradação 4.3.2.1 Descrição do ambiente.............................................................................................100 4.3.2.2 Caracterização do componente arbóreo..................................................................101 4.3.2.3 Colonização das árvores pelas bromélias................................................................102 4.3.2.4 Fitossociologia de Bromeliaceae .............................................................................105 4.4 COMPARTIMENTO FURNAS 4.4.1 Superfície de Agradação 4.4.1.1 Descrição do ambiente.............................................................................................112 4.4.1.2 Caracterização do componente arbóreo..................................................................113 iv 4.4.1.3 Colonização das árvores pelas bromélias................................................................115 4.4.1.4 Fitossociologia de Bromeliaceae..............................................................................116 4.4.2 Superfície de Degradação 4.4.2.1 Descrição do ambiente.............................................................................................124 4.4.2.2 Caracterização do componente arbóreo..................................................................125 4.4.2.3 Colonização das árvores pelas bromélias................................................................126 4.4.2.4 Fitossociologia de Bromeliaceae..............................................................................128 4.5 COMPARTIMENTO MAFRA/RIO DO SUL 4.5.1 Superfície de Agradação 4.5.1.1 Descrição do ambiente.............................................................................................136 4.5.1.2 Caracterização do componente arbóreo..................................................................137 4.5.1.3 Colonização das árvores pelas bromélias................................................................139 4.5.1.4 Fitossociologia de Bromeliaceae..............................................................................140 4.5.2 Superfície de Degradação 4.5.2.1 Descrição do ambiente.............................................................................................146 4.5.2.2 Caracterização do componente arbóreo..................................................................147 4.5.2.3 Colonização das árvores pelas bromélias................................................................148 4.5.2.4 Fitossociologia de Bromeliaceae..............................................................................150 4.6 COMPARTIMENTO RIO BONITO 4.6.1 Superfície de Agradação 4.6.1.1 Descrição do ambiente.............................................................................................159 4.6.1.2 Caracterização do componente arbóreo..................................................................160 4.6.1.3 Colonização das árvores pelas bromélias................................................................162 4.6.1.4 Fitossociologia de Bromeliaceae..............................................................................164 4.6.2 Superfície de Degradação 4.6.2.1 Descrição do ambiente.............................................................................................172 4.6.2.2 Caracterização do componente arbóreo..................................................................173
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