FOUO
TO: Dorrance Smith Matt Latimer
CC: Gen Pete Pace Eric Edelman
Steve Cambone
FROM: Donald Rumsfeld
SUBJECT:Quotes on fraq
Attached are some fascinating quotes.
Attach. "Quotes and Facts on fraq"
DHR.dh SF1O100Ó-28
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 FOUO IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS Quotes and Facts on Iraq
harbor terrorists, "Every nation has to either be with us, or against us. Those who or who finance them, are going to pay a price."
Senator Hillary Clinton (Democrat, New York)
September 13, 2001 http://www.wavsource.com/news/20010911a.htm
"In the next century, the community of nations may see more and more
the very kind of threat Iraq poses now -- a rogue state with weapons of mass destruction ready to use them orprovide them to terrorists, drug traffickers or organized criminals who travel the world among us r. unnoticed. IL.
If we fail to respond today, Saddam and all those who would follow in his footsteps will be emboldened tomorrow by the knowledge that they can act with impunity, even in the face of a clear message fromthe United Nations Security Council and clear evidence of a weapons of mass
destruction program."
President Clinton Address to Joint Chiefs of Staff and Pentagon staff
February 17, 1998 httpJ/www.cnn.conilALLPOLJTI CS/I 998/02/17/transcripts/clinton. iraqi
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS final analysis, to defend this nation and "It is the duty of any president, in the dispel the security threat. SaddamHussein has brought military action upon himself by refusing for 12 years tocomply with the mandates of the United Nations. The brave and capable men and womenof our armed forces and those who are with us will quickly, I know, removehim once andfor all as a threat to people, and I support their doing so." his neighbors, to the world, and to his own
Senator John Kerry (Democrat, Massachusetts) Statement on eve of military strikes againstiraq
March 17, 2003 http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml ?i=20030331 &s=liza033103
Saddam Hussein has "It appears that with the deadline for exile come and gone, chosen to make military force the ultimate weaponsinspections enforcement mechanism. If so, the only exit strategy is victory, this is our commonmission and the world's cause."
Senator John Kerry (Democrat, Massachusetts) Statement on commencement of military strikes againstiraq March 20, 2003 http://kerry.senate.gov/high/record.cfin ?id= 191582
Senator John Edwards, when asked about "Axis of Evil"countries Iran, iraq, and North Korea:
"I mean, we have three different countries that, while theyall present serious they're involved in the problems for the United States -- they're dictatorships, development and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction -- youknow, the most imminent, clear and present threat to our countryis not the same from those three countries. I think Iraq is the most serious andimminent threat to our
country."
Senator John Edwards (Democrat, North Carolina) During an interview on CNN's "Late Edition" February 24, 2002
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS http:/Iwww. cnn. corn/FRA NSCRIP TS/020212 4/i e. O0.html
"Those who doubted whether Iraq or the world would be betteroff without safer with his Saddam Hussein, and those who believe today that we are not capture, don't have the judgment to be President, orthe credibility to be elected President.
No one can doubt or should doubt that we are safer -- and Iraq is better --because
Saddam Hussein is now behind bars."
Senator John Kerry (Democrat, Massachusetts) Speech at Drake University in Iowa
December 16, 2003 http://www.jsonline.com/news/gen/dec03/193182.asp ?forinat=print
force John Edwards, while voting YES to the Resolution authorizing US military against Iraq: "Others argue that if even our allies support us, we should not support this fight resolution because confronting Iraq now would undermine the long-term against terrorist groups like Al Qaeda. Yet, i believe that this is not an either-or choice. Our national security requires us to do both, and we can."
Senator John Edwards (Democrat, North Carolina) US Senate floor statement: "Authorization of the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq" October 10, 2002 http://edwards.senate.gov/starements/2002101 Ojraq. html
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS "I think it was the right decision to disarm Saddam Hussein. And whenthe fact that we did president made the decision, I supported him, and I support the disarm him."
Senator John Keriy (Democrat, Massachusetts) During a Democratic Primary Debate at the UniversitySouth Carolina
May 3, 2003 http://www.vote-smart. org/debate_transcripts/trans_Lpdf
"There is no doubt that Saddam Hussein's regime is a serious danger, that he is a tyrant, and that his pursuit of lethal weapons of mass destruction cannot be tolerated. He must be disarmed."
Senator Edward Kennedy (Democrat, Massachusetts) Speech at Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies September 27, 2002 http://kennedy.senate.gov/kennedy/statements/02/0912 00292771 8.html
"In the four years since the inspectors left, intelligence reports show that Saddam Hussein has worked to rebuild his chemical and biological weapons stock, his missile delivery capability, and his nuclear program. He has also given aid,
comfort, and sanctuary to terrorists, including Al Qaeda members...
It is clear, however, that if left unchecked, Saddam Hussein will continue to increase his capacity to wage biological and chemical warfare, and will keep trying to develop nuclear weapons."
Senator Hillary Clinton (Democrat, New York) Addressing the US Senate October 10, 2002
http://clinton.senate. gov/speeche s/i ra q_1 01002.html
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS
authorizing US military force John Kerry, while voting YES to the Resolution against Iraq:
"I will be voting to give the President ofthe United States the authority to use
force - if necessary - to disarm SaddarnHussein because I believe that a deadly hands is a real and grave threat to arsenal of weapons of mass destruction in his our security."
Senator John Kerry (Democrat, Massachusetts)
Addressing the US Senate October 9, 2002 http://www.johnkerry.com/news/speechesIspc_2002_1009.html
"As a member of the Senate Intelligence Committee, Ifirmly believe that the issue of Iraq is not about politics. It's about nationalsecurity. We know that for at least 20 years, Saddam Hussein has obsessively sought weaponsof mass destruction through every means available. We knowthat he has chemical and he is doing biological weapons today. He has used them in the past, and everything he can to build more. Each day. he inches closer tohis longtime goal ol nuclear capability -- a capability that could be less than a year away.
the path of inaction is far The path of confronting Saddam is full of hazards. But more dangerous. This week, a weekwhere we remember the sacrifice of thousands of innocent Americans made on 9-11, thechoice could not be starker. Had we known that such attacks were imminent, wesurely would have used ever means at our disposal to prevent themand take out the plotters. We cannot wait used, one far for such a terrible event -- or, if weapons of mass destruction are worse -- to address the clear and presentdanger posed by Saddam Hussein's Iraq.'
Senator John Edwards (Democrat, North Carolina) US Senate floor statement: "Iraqi Dictator Must Go" September 12, 2002 http:/Jedwards.senaíe.govlsratements/2002O9lZjraq. html
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS
"Without question, we need to disarm Saddam Hussein.He is a brutal, murderous dictator, leading an oppressive regime. We all knowthe litany of his offenses. He presents a particularly grievous threatbecause he is so consistently prone to miscalculation. He miscalculated an eight-year war withIran. He miscalculated to that act of naked the invasion of Kuwait. He miscalculated America's response aggression. He miscalculated the result of setting oil rigs onfire. He miscalculate the impact of sending scuds into Israel and trying toassassinate an American President. He miscalculated his own military strength.He miscalculated the Arab world's response to his misconduct. And now he is miscalculatingAmerica's consistent grasp for weapons of mass response to his continued deceit and his destruction. That is why the world, through the UnitedNations Security Council, has spoken with one voice, demanding that Iraq discloseits weapons programs and disarm.
destruction is real, but it So the threat of Saddam Hussein with weapons of mass is not new. It has been with us since the end of thePersian Gulf War.
In U.N. Security Council Resolution 1441, the United Nationshas now affirmed that Saddam Hussein must disarm or face the most serious consequences.Let me
make it clear that the burden is resoundingly on SaddamHussein to live up to the ceasefire agreement he signed and make clear to the worldhow he disposed of weapons he previously admitted topossessing."
Senator John Kerry (Democrat, Massachusetts) Speech at Georgetown University January 23, 2003 http.i/kerry.senate.govlbandwidth/cfin/record. cfin ?id=189831
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS Congressman Gephardt links Saddam with the threat of terrorists nuking U
cities:
BOB SCHIEFFER, Chief Washingtón Correspondent:
And with us now is the Democratic presidential candidate Dick Gephardt. Congressman, you supported taking military action in Iraq. Do you think now it
was the right thing to do?
REP. RICHARD GEPHARDT, D-MO, Democratic Presidential Candidate:
I do. I base my determination on what I heard from the CIA. I went out there a couple of times and talked to everybody, including George Tenet. I talked to people in the Clinton administration.
SCHIEFFER:
Well, let me just ask you, do you feel, Congressman, that you were misled?
GEPHARDT:
I don't. I asked very direct questions of the top people in the CIA and people who'd served in the Clinton administration. And they said they believed that Saddam Hussein either had weapons or had the components of weapons or the ability to quickly make weapons of mass destruction. What we're worried about is
an A-bomb in a Ryder truck in New York, in Washington and St. Louis. It cannot happen. We have to prevent it from happening. And it was on that basis that I voted to do this.
Congressman Richard Gephardí (Democrat, Montana)
Interviewed on CBS News "Face the Nation" November 2, 2003 http:/Iwww. cbsnews. comlstoriesl2003/1 1/03/ftn/printable58l509.shtml
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS "We have not reached parity with them. Wehave the right to kill 4 million Americans -- 2 million of them children -- and to exiletwice as many and's
and cripple hundreds of thousands. Furthermore,it is our right to fight then chemical and biological weapons, so as to afflict themwith the fatal malad: have afflicted the Muslims because of the [Americans']chemical and biolo weapons."
Islamic terrorist group "Al Qaeda" June 12, 2002 http://www.memri.org/hiniarticles.cgi ?Page=archives&Area=sd&JD=S4
"[W]e have evidence of meetings between Iraqi officials andleaders of al Qaeda, and testimony that Iraqi agents helped train al Qaeda operatives to usechemical and biological weapons. We also know that al Qaeda leadershave been, and are
now, harbored in Iraq.
Having reached the conclusion i have about the clear and presentdanger Saddam represents to the U.S., I want to give the president alimited but strong mandate to
act against Saddarn."
Senator Joseph Lieberman (Democrat, Connecticut) in a Wall Street Journal editorial Liebe rman authored titled:"Why Democrats Should Support the President on Iraq"
October 7, 2002 http://www. opinionjournal. com/editorial/feature.hz'ml ?id=1 10002391
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS "Iraq is a long way from Ohio, but whathappens there matters a great deal here. For the risks that the leaders of a rogue statewill use allies is the nuclear, chemical or biological weapons against us or our greatest security threatwé face."
Madeleine AThright, President Clinton 's Secretaryof State
Town Hall Meeting on Iraq at Ohio State University February 18, 1998 http://www.fas.org/news/iraq/i998/O2/2O/98O22OO6_tpo.html
'imagine the consequences if Saddam fails to comply and we fail to act. Saddam will be emboldened, believing the internationalcommunity has
lost its will. He will rebuild his arsenal of weapons of massdestruction. And some day, some way, I am certain, he will use that arsenal again, as he has ten times since 1983."
Sandy Berger, President Clinton 's National Security Advisor
Town Hall Meeting on Iraq at Ohio State University February 18, 1998 http://www.fas.org/news/iraq/i998/O2/2O/98O22OO6_tpo.html
"No one has done what Saddam Hussein has done, or is thinkingof doing. He is producing weapons of mass destruction, and he is qualitatively and quantitatively different from other dictators."
Madeleine Aibright, President Clinton 's Secretary of State Town Hall Meeting on Iraq at Ohio State University February 18, 1998
http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/98O2/1meeting.folo/
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS
"Ten years after the Gulf War and Saddam is still there and still
continues to stockpile weapons of mass destruction. Now there are suggestions he is working with al Qaeda, which means the very terrorists who attacked the United States last September may now have access to chemical and biological weapons."
James P. Rubin, President Clinton 's State Department spokesman In a PBS documentary titled "Saddam's Ultimate Solution" July 11, 2002 http://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideanglelshows/saddamf
"Dear Mr. President: ... We urge you, after consulting with Congress, and consistent with the U.S. Constitut take necessary actions (including, if appropriate, air and missile strikes on suspect Iraq sites) torespond effe threat posed by Iraq's refusal to end its weapons of mass destruction programs."
Sincerely,
Carl Levin, Joe Lieberman, Frank R. Lautenberg, Dick Lugar, Kit Bond, Jon Kyl, Chris Dodd, John McCair Hutchison, Alfonse D'Amato, Bob Kerrey, Pete V. Domenici, Dianne Feinstein, Barbara A. Mikuiski,Thoff
Breaux, Tim Johnson, Daniel K. Inouye, Arlen Specter, James Inhofe, Strom Thurmond, Mary L. Landrieu, John Kerry, Chuck Grassley, Jesse Helms, Rick Santorum.
Letter to President Clinton
Signed by Senators Tom Daschle, John Kerry and others October 9, 1998 http://www.iraqwatch.org/government/US/Letters, %20reports%20and%20statements/levin-10-9-98.html
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS "Iraq's search for weapons of mass destructionhas proven impossible to continue for as long as completely deter and we should assume that it will Saddam is in power.
We know that he has stored secret supplies ofbiological and chemical
weapons throughout his country."
Al Gore, Former Clinton Vice-President Speech to San Francisco Commonwealth Club September 23, 2002
http://www. usatoday.conilnews/nation/2002-09-23-gore-textx.htrn
http://www.guardian.co. ukiusa/storylO, 12271, 797999,00.html
http://www.smh.com. au/a rticles/2002/09/2 4/1 032734161501 .html
keenly "As a member of the House Intelligence Committee, I am aware that the proliferation of chemical andbiological weapons is an issue of grave importance to allnations. Saddam Hussein has been engaged in the development of weapons of mass destruction technology which is a threat to ëountries in the region and hehas
made a mockery of the weapons inspection process."
Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi (Democrat, Calfornw) Statement on US Led Military Strike Against Iraq December 16, 1998
http://www.house.govlpelosi/priraql.htm
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS Al Gore said last night that the time had come for a"final reckoning" with Iraq,
country as a "virulent threat in a classby itself' and suggesting that the United consider ways to oust Saddam Hussein.
The New York Times Gore, Championing Bush, Calls For a 'Final Reckoning'With Iraq
February 13, 2002 http://queiy.nytimes. corn/search/abstract ?res=FJOBIFFF3D5BOC7O8DDDA
"The last UN weapons inspectors left Iraq in October of 1998. We are confiden Hussein retained some stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons, andthat embarked on a crash course to build up his chemical ánd biologicalwarfare ca Intelligence reports also indicate that he is seeking nuclear weapons, but has no
nuclear capability."
Robert C. Byrd Former Ku Klux Klan recruiter, currently a US Senator (Democrat, West Vir Addressing the US Senate
October 3, 2002 http://byrd.senate.gov/byrd_newsroom/byrdnews_oct2002/rls_oct2002/rls_
http://australianpolitics. comlnews/2002/1 0/02-10-03a.shtml
hup://www.cooperativeresearch.org/archive/2002/byrdl003Ø2.htm
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS "Iraq appears not to have come to a genuine acceptance -- not even toda of the disarmament; which was demanded of it and which it needs to cai
out to win the confidence of the world and to live in peace."
Dr. Hans Blix, Chief UN Weapons Inspector Addressing the UN Security Council
Januaiy 27, 2003 http://www.un.org/apps/news/infocusnewsiraq.asp ?NewsJD 354 &sIl http:/Iwww.cnn.com/2003/US/01/27/sprj. irq. transcript.blix
"The nerve agent VX is one of the most toxic ever developed.
13,000 chemical bombs were dropped by the Iraqi Air Force betwe and 1988, while Iraq has declared that 19,500 bombs were consum
during this period. Thus, there is a discrepancy of 6,500 bombs. Th amount of chemical agent in these bombs would be in the order of 1,000 tonnes."
Dr. Hans Blix, Chief UN Weapons Inspector
Addressing the UN Security Council January 27, 2003 http://www.un.org/apps/news/infocusnewsiraq.asp ?NewsID=354
http://www. cnn. comI2003/US/01/2 7/sprj. irq. transcript. blix
T "The recent inspection find in the private home of a scientist of a box of some 3,000 pages of documents, much of it relating to the laser enrichir of uranium support a concern that has long existed that documents migh
be distributed to the homes of private individuals. . ..we cannot help but think that the case might not be isolated and that such placements of documents is deliberate to make discovery difficult and to seek to shielc documents by placing them in private homes."
Dr. Hans Blix, Chief UN Weapons Inspector Addressing the UN Security Council
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 13 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS January 27, 2003
http.i/www. un. org/apps/news/infocusnewsiraq.asp ?NewsID=354&sIl http:Ilwww.cnn.com/2003/US/OlÌ27Isprj.irq. transcript.blix
"I have mentioned the issue of anthrax to the Council on previous occasions and I come back to it as it is an important one.
Iraq has declared that it produced about 8,500 litres of this biologic warfare agent, which it states it unilaterally destroyed in the summ
1991. Iraq has provided little evidence for this production and no convincing evidence for its destruction.
There are strong indications that Iraq produced more anthrax than i declared, and that at least some of this was retained after the declar
destruction date. It might still exist. Either it should be found and b destroyed under UNMOVIC supervision or else convincing eviden should be produced to show that it was, indeed, destroyed in 1991.'
Dr. Hans Blix, Chief UN Weapons Inspector Addressing the UN Security Council January 27, 2003 http://www.un.org/appslnews/infocusnewsiraq.asp ?NewsID=354
http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/01/27/sprj.irq.transcript.blix
"His regime threatens the safety of his people, the stability of his region, and the security of all the rest of us.
What if he fails to comply, and we fail to act, or we take some ambiguous third route which gives him yet more opportunities to develop this program of weapons of mass destruction and continue to press for the release of the sanctions and continue to ignore the solemn commitments
that he made?
Well, he will conclude that the international community has lost its will.
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 14 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS He will then conclude that he can go right on and do more torebuild an
arsenal of devastatingdestruction.
And some day, some way, I guarantee you, he'll usethe arsenal."
President Clinton Address to Joint Chiefs of Staff and Pentagon staff February 17, 1998 http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/i998/O2/17/transcripts/clinton. iraq,
CNN: How did Hussein intend to use the weapon, once it wascompleted?
HAMZA: Saddam has a whole range of weapons of mass destruction,nuclear, biological him to have three and chemical. According to German intelligence estimates, we expect nuclear weapons by 2005. So, the window will close by 2005, and we expecthim then to be a lot more aggressive with his neighbors andencouraging terrorism, and using biological weapons. Now he's using them through surrogates like alQaeda, but we expect he'll use
them more aggressively then.
Dr. Khidhir Hamza, former Iraqi Nuclear Scientist for 20 years Interviewed on CNN October 22, 2001
http://www.cnn. coin/2001/COMM UNITY/i 0/22/hamza.cnna/
Regime change in Iraq has been official US policy since 1998:
The Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 (sponsored by Bob Kerrey, John McCain and Joseph Lieberman, and signed into law by President Clinton) states:
"It should be the policy of the United States to support efforts to remove the regime headed by Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq and to promote the emergence of a democratic government to replace that regime."
iraq Liberation Act of 1998
105th congress, 2nd Session
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 15 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS September 29, 1998 http.ilwww.globalsecurily. org/wmdllibrary/news/iraq/1998/980929-
in2.htm
CNN October lO, 2002
House gives Bush authority for war with Iraq
U.S. military force to The House voted 296-133 to give Bush the authority to use make iraq comply with U.N. resolutions requiring it togive up weapons of mass destruction.
http://www.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/10/10/iraq.us
CNN October 11, 2002
Senate approves Iraq war resolution
In a major victory for the White House, the Senate early Friday voted77-23 to give up authorize President Bush to attack Iraq if Saddam Hussein refuses to weapons of mass destruction as required by U.N.resolutions.
http://www.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/10/1 1/iraq.us
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS "Some have said we must not act until the threat is imminent. Since when have terrorists and tyrants announced their intentions, politely
putting us on notice before they strike? 1f this threat is permitted to fully and suddenly emerge, all actions, all words, and all recriminations would come too late. Trusting in the sanity and restraint of Saddam Hussein is not a strategy, and it is not an option.
President Bush State of the Union address January 28, 2003
http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releasesí2003/01!20030128- 19.html
"The global community -- in the form of the United Nations -- has declared repeatedly, through multiple resolutions, that the frightening prospect of a nuclear-armed Saddam cannot come to pass. But the U.N. has been unable to enforce those resolutions. We must eliminate that
threat now, before it is too late.
But this isn't just a future threat. Saddam's existing biological and chemical weapons capabilities pose a very real threat to America, now. Saddam has used chemical weapons before, both against Iraq's enemies
and against his own people. He is working to develop delivery systems like missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles that could bring these deadly weapons against U.S. forces and U.S. facilities in the Middle East.
As the attacks of September 11 demonstrated, the immense
destructiveness of modem technology means we can no longer afford to wait around for a smoking gun. September 11 demonstrated that the fact that an attack on our homeland has not yet occurred cannot give us any false sense of security that one will not occur in the future. We no longer
have that luxury.
September il changed America. It made us realize we must deal differently with the very real threat of terrorism, whether it comes from shadowy groups operating in the mountains of Afghanistan or in 70 other
countries around the world, including our own.
There has been some debate over how "imminent" a threat Iraq poses. I dc
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 17 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS believe that Iraq poses an imminent threat, but I also believe that after September 11, that question is increasingly outdated. It is in the nature of
these weapons, and the way they are targeted against civilian populations, that documented capability and demonstrated intent may be the only warning we get. To insist on further evidence could put some of our fellow Americans at risk. Can we afford to take that chance? We cannot!
The President has rightly called Saddam Hussein's efforts to develop weapons of mass destruction a grave and gathering threat toAmericans. The global community has tried but failed to address that threat over the past decade. I have come to the inescapable conclusion that the threat
posed to America by Saddam's weapons of mass destruction is so serious that despite the risks -- and we should not minimize the risks -- we must authorize the President to take the necessary steps to deal with that threat.'
Senator John D. Rockefeller (Democrat, West Virginia) Also a member of the Senate Intelligence Committee Addressing the US Senate October 10, 2002
http://www.senate.gov/-.rockefeller/news/2002/flrstmtOlO2002.html
UN weapons inspectors were forced to leave Iraq in 1998:
CNN November 5, 1998
U.N. Security Council votes to condemn Iraq
The United Nations Security Council late Thursday voted unanimously to condemn Iraq and to demand that Baghdad immediately resume cooperation with U.N. weapons inspectors.
Baghdad has already said it will not comply.
The resolution called Iraq's decision last week to halt cooperation with the U.N. Special Commission a "flagrant violation" of the 1991 resolution on Iraqi disarmament. It is the 45th U.N.
resolution involving Iraq since the country invaded Kuwait in 1990.
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 18 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/meast/981 1/05/un.iraq.02
America is threatened by an "unholy axis":
"We must exercise responsibility not just at home, but around the world.
On the eve of a new century, we have the power and the duty to build a new era of peace and security.
We must combat an unholy axis of new threats from terrorists, international criminals, and drug traffickers. These 21st century predators
feed on technology and the free flow of information... And they will be all the more lethal if weapons of mass destruction fall into their hands.
Together, we must confront the new hazards of chemical and biological criminals seeking weapons and the outlaw states, terrorists, and organized to acquire them. Saddam Hussein has spent the better partof this decade and much of his nation's wealth not on providing for the Iraqi people but on developing nuclear, chemical, and biological weaponsand the missiles to deliver them."
President Clinton State of the Union address January 27, 1998
hrtp://clinton5.nara.gov/textonly/WH/SOTU98/address.html
http:I/www. usemb.eelunion98.php3
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS "As a member of the Senate Intelligence Committee, Ifirmly believe that the issue of Iraq is not about politics. It's about nationalsecurity. We know that for at of mass least 20 years, Saddam Hussein has obsessively sought weapons destruction through every means available. We know thathe has chemical and biological weapons today. He has used them in the past, and heis doing everything he can to build more. Each day he inches closer tohis longtime goal ol nuclear capability -- a capability that could be less than a year away.
I believe that Saddam Hussein's Iraqi regime represents a clearthreat to the United States, to our allies, to our interests around the world, and tothe values of freedom and democracy we hold dear.
What's more, the terrorist threat against America is all too clear.Thousands of terrorist operatives around the world would pay anything to gettheir hands on Saddam's arsenal, and there is every possibility that he could turnhis weapons that if the terrorists of September 11th over to these terrorists. No one can doubt had weapons of mass destruction, they would have used them.On September 12, 2002, we can hardly ignore the terrorist threat, and the seriousdanger that Saddan would allow his arsenal to be used in aid of terror.
whatever is The time has come for decisive action. With our allies, we must do necessary to guard against the threat posed by anIraq armed with weapons of mass destruction, and under the thumbof Saddam Hussein.
The United States must lead an international effort to remove the regimeof the Saddam Hussein -- and to assure that Iraq fulfills its obligations to international community.
This is not an easy decision, and it carries many risks. It will also carry costs, certainly in resources, and almost certainly in lives. After carefulconsideration, I
believe that the risk of inaction is far greater than the risk of action.
We must address the most insidious threat posed by weapons of massdestruction -- the threat that comesfrom the ability of terrorists to obtain them.
The path of confronting Saddam is full of hazards. But the path of inaction isfar more dangerous. This week, a weekwhere we remember the sacrifice of thousands of innocent Americans made on 9-Il, the choice could not bestarker. Had we known that such attacks were imminent, we surely would have used ever plotters. We cannot wait means at our disposal to prevent them and take out the for such a terrible event -- or, if weapons of mass destruction are used, onefar worseto address the clear and present danger posed bySaddam Hussein's Iraq.'
Senator John Edwards (Democrat, North Carolina Addressing the US Senate
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 20 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS September 12, 2002
http:/Iedwards.senate.gov/statements/20020912_iraq.html
"Dear Mr. President:
The events of September 11 have, highlighted the vulnerabilityof the United States to determined terrorists. As we work to clean up Afghanistan anddestroy a Qaeda, it is imperative that we pbn to eliminate the threat from Iraq.
This December will mark three years since United Nations inspectors last visited Iraq. There is no doubt that since that time, Saddam Hussein has reinvigorated his weapons programs.
The threat from Iraq is real, and it cannot be permanently contained. For as long as Saddam Hussein is in power in Baghdad, hewill seek to acquire weapons of mass destruction and the means to deliver them.We have no doubt that these deadly weapons are intended for use against the United States and its allies.
Consequently, we believe we must directly confront Saddam, sooner rather than later.
Mr. President, all indications are that in the interest of our own national security, Saddam Hussein must be removed from power."
Sincerely,
Congressman Harold Ford (Democrat, Tennessee)
Senator Bob Graham (Democrat, Florida) Congressman Tom Lantos (Democrat, California) Senator Joseph Lieberman (Democrat, Connecticut)
Senator Sam Brownback (Republican, Kansas) Senator Jesse Helms (Republican, North Carolina) Congressman Henry Hyde (Republican, illinois) Senator Trent Lou (Republican, Mississippi) Senator John McCain (Republican, Arizona)
Senator Richard Shelby (Republican, Alabama)
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS
Letter to President Bush December 5, 2001 http://www.house.gov/ford/12_06_Ola.htm
"He has systematically violated, over the course of the past 11 years, everysignificar resolution that has demanded that he disarm and destroy his chemical andbiological weapons, and any nuclear capacity. This he hasrefused to do. He lies and cheats; he the mandate and authority of international weapons inspectors; and he games the sysi
keep buying time against enforcement of the just and legitimate demandsof the Uniti Nations, the Security Council, the United States and our allies. Those are simply the facts."
Congressman Henry Waxman (Democrat, Calfornia Addressing the US Congress October 10, 2002
http ://www.house.gov/waxmanlnewsjìles/new&..statements_resj rag_i 0_1 0_02.ht
htp:I/www.house.gov/waxman/newsjiles/pdfs/news_statemenrs_res_iraq_1 0_1 0_
"Heavy as they are, the costs of action must be weighed against the price oi inaction. If Saddam defies the world and we fail to respond, we will face a greater threat in the future. Saddam will strike again at his neighbors;he v' make war on his own people. And mark my words, he will develop weapo will use them." mass destruction. He will deploy them, and he
President Clinton National Address from the Oval Office December 16, 1998
http://ciin:on4.nara.gov/WH/New/html/19981216-361 1./um!
http://www. cnn. cornIALLPOLITICS/stories/1998112/16/transcripts/clinto
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS
Full text of Resolution authorizin' US military forceagainst Iraq.
US Senators who voted YES to authorize the useof United States Armed For against Iraq:
McCain, John (R-A2 Allard, Wayne (R-CO) Edwards, John (fl-NC) Allen, George (R-VA) Ensign, John (R-NV) McConnell, Mitch (F Baucus, Max (D-MT) Enzi, Michael (R-WY) Miller, Zell (D-GA) Bayh, Evan (D-IN) Feinstein, Dianne (D-CA) Murkowski, Lisa (R- Bennett, Robert (R-UT) Fitzgerald, Peter (R-IL) Nelson, Bill (D-FL) Nelson, Ben (D-NE) Biden, Joseph (D-DE) Frist, Bill (R-Th) Bond, Christopher (R-MO)Gramm, Phil (R-TX) Nickles, Don (R-OK Breaux, John (D-LA) Grassley, Chuck (R-lA) Reid, Harry (D-NV Brownback, Sam (R-KS) Gregg, Judd (R-NH) Roberts, Pat (R-KS)
Bunning, Jim (R-KY) Hagel, Chuck (R-NE) Rockefeller, John (D Santorum, Rick (R-P Burns, Conrad (R-MT) Harkin, Tom (D-lA) Campbell, Ben (R-CO) Hatch, Orrin (R-UT) Schumer, Charles (D Cantwell, Maria (D-WA) Helms, Jesse (R-NC) Sessions, Jeff (R-AL Carnahan, Jean (D-MO) Hollings, Ernest (D-SC) Shelby, Richard (R-I Hutchinson, Tim (R-AR) Smith, Robert (R-NIE Carper, Thomas (D-DE) Cleland, Max (D-GA) Hutchison, Kay (R-TX) Smith, Gordon (R-01 Clinton, Hillary (D-NY) Inhofe, James (R-OK) Snowe, Olympia (R-I Cochran, Thad (R-MS) Johnson, Tim (D-SD) Specter, Arlen (R-Ph Collins, Susan (R-ME) Kerry, John (D-MA) Stevens, Ted (R-AK Thomas, Craig (R-W Craig, Larry (R-if)) Kohl, Herb (D-WI) Crapo, Michael (R-D) Kyl, Jon (R-AZ) Thompson, Fred (Rr Daschle, Tom (D-SD) Landrieu, Mary (D-LA) Thurmond, Strom (R DeWine, Mike (R-OH) Lieberman, Joseph (D-CT)Torricelli, Robert (D. Lincoln, Blanche (D-AR) Voinovich, George (I Dodd, Christopher (D-CT) Domenici, Pete (R-NM) Lott, Trent (R-MS) Warner, John (R-VA Dorgan, Byron (D-ND) Lugar, Richard (R-IN)
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS Full text of Resolution authorizing US military forceagainst Iraq.
US Congressional Representatives who voted YES toauthorize the use of United States Armed Forces against Iraq:
Ackerman Goode Oxley Aderholt Goodlatte Pascrell Akin Gordon Pence Andrews Goss Peterson (MN) Peterson (PA) Armey Graham Bachus Granger Petri Baker Graves Phelps Ballenger Green (TX) Pickering Green (WI) PiUs Barcia Barr Greenwood Platts Bartlett Grucci Pombo Barton Gutknecht Pomeroy Bass Hall (TX) Portman Hansen Pryce (OH) Bentsen Bereuter Harman Putnam Berkley Hart Quinn Berman Hastert Radanovich Berry Hastings (WA) Ramstad Regula Biggert Hayes Bilirakis Hayworth Rehberg Bishop Hefley Reynolds Blagojevich Herger Riley Blunt Hill Roemer Rogers (KY) Boehiert Hilleary Boehner Hobson Rogers (MI) Bonilla Hoeffel Rohrabacher Bono Hoekstra Ros-Lebtinen Holden Ross Boozman Borski Horn Rothman Boswell Hoyer Royce Boucher Huishof Ryan (WI) Boyd Hunter Ryun (KS) Sandlin Brady (TX) Hyde Brown (SC) Isakson Saxton Bryant Israel Schaffer Burr Issa Schiff Burton Istook Schrock Sen senbrenner Buyer Jefferson Callahan Jenkins Sessions Calvert John Shadegg
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 24 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS Johnson (CT) Shaw Camp Cannon Jòhnson (IL) Shays Cantor Johnson, Sam Sherman Capito Jones (NC) Sherwood Carson (OK) Kanjorski Sbimkus Shows Castle Keller Chabot Kelly Shuster Chambliss Kennedy (MN) Simmons Clement Kennedy (RI) Simpson Kerns Skeen Coble Collins Kind (WI) Skelton Combest King (NY) Smith (Ml) Cooksey Kingston Smith (NJ) Cox Kirk Smith (TX) Knollenberg Smith (WA) Cramer Crane Kolbe Souder Crenshaw LaHood Spratt Crowley Lamps9n Steams Cubin Lantos Stenhoim
Culberson Lath am Sullivan Cunningham LaTourette Sununu Davis (FL) Lewis (CA) Sweeney Davis, J0 Ann Lewis (KY) Tancredo Davis, Tom Linder Tanner
Deal LoBiondo Tauscher DeLay Lowey Tauzin DeMint Lucas (KY) Taylor (MS) Deutsch Lucas (OK) Taylor (NC) Luther Terry Diaz-Balart Dicks Lynch Thomas Dooley Maloney (NY) Thomberry Doolittle Manzullo Thune Dreier Markey Thurman Tiahrt Dunn Mascara Edwards Matheson Tiberi Ehlers McCarthy (NY) Toomey Ehrlich McCrery Turner Emerson McHugh Upton Vitter Engel Mclnnis English McIntyre Walden Etheridge McKeon Walsh Everett McNulty Wamp Meehan Watkins (OK) Ferguson Flake Mica Watts (OK) Fletcher Miller, Dan Waxman
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 25 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS Weiner Foley Miller, Gary Forbes Miller, Jeff Weldon (FL) Ford Moore Weldon (PA) Fossella Moran (KS) Weller Murtha Wexier Frelinghuysen Frost Myrick Whitfield Gallegly Nethercutt Wicker Ganske Ney Wilson (NM) Gekas Northup Wilson (SC) Wolf Gephardt Norwood Gibbons Nussle Wynn Gilchrest Osborne Young (AK) Gilimor Ose Young (FL) Otter Gilman
US State Department November 4, 1998 Bin Laden, Atef Indicted in U.S. Federal Court forAfrican Bombings
New York -- Usarna bin Laden and Muhammad Atef were indictedNovember 4 of the US embassies in in Manhattan federal court for the August 7 bombings Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and for conspiring tokill Americans outside the United States.
Bin Laden's "al Qaeda" organization functioned both on its ownand through othe3 terrorist organizations, including the Al Jihad group based in Egypt, theIslamic Omar Abdel Group also known as el Gamaa Islamia led at one time by Sheik Rahman, and a number of other jihad groups in countries such asSudan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Somalia.
Bin Laden, the US Attorney charged, engaged in business transactions onbehalf of Al Qaeda, including purchasing warehouses for storage of explosives,
transporting weapons, and establishing a series of companies in Sudan to provide income to al Qaeda and as a cover for the procurement of explosives, weapons, and chemicals, and for the travel of operatìves.
According to the indictment, bin Laden and al Qaeda forgedalliances with the National Islamic Front in Sudan and with representatives ofthe
Government of Iran and its associated terrorist group IJezballah with the goal of working together against their common enemies in theWest, particularly the United States.
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 26 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS
"In addition, al Qaeda reached anunderstanding with the Government of Iraq that al Qaeda would not work against thatgovermnent and that on particular projects, specifically including weaponsdevelopment, al Qaeda would work cooperatively with the Government ofIraq," the indictment
said.
Beginning in 1992, bin Laden allegedly issued throughhis "fatwab" committees a series of escalating "fatwahs" against the United States,certain military personnel and, eventually in February 1998, a "fatwah" statingthat Muslims should kill Americans -- including civilians -- anywhere in the worldthey can be found.'
http:/fusinfo.state.gov/is/Archivejndex/ BinLaden_Atef.jndicted_in_U.S._Federal_Court_forAfrican_Bombings.html
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Links to the above cited web pages were all working andverified at the time of posting, and the original web pages and text have been archived in their entiretyfor historical purposes. All dates and citations provided are 100% accurate to facilitate further research.
Certified As Unclassified January 9 2009 IAW EO 12958, as amended Chief, RDD, ESD, WHS