0367 - 2353 رت د : آق رت د إ: 5507-2602
ص . 53 ص 79
Towards meta-ethics [email protected]
2020/12/30 2020/11/07 2020/09/02
Abstract:
A group of analytical philosophers, led by Logical empirical philosophers, wanted to establish a scientific philosophy, according to their belief that philosophy cannot provide ethical guidance or a demand for certainty in ethics, so they must abandon the traditional philosophical objectives, because it is impossible to set ethical guidelines that have the binding objectivity of mathematical truth or even experimental truth, this is why raising the ethics status of these philosophers must be coupled with replacing the traditional content and objectives of ethics philosophy, With two new content and purpose describing the logic of the ethics language for clarification, confirming that the treatment of the meta-ethics logical and realistically independent of any normative activity, in other word their research does not result in any form of normative results, and from this perception they described their Theory as an theory meta-ethics base on research into the meanings of words
and expressions ethics is far from ethical behaviour. key words: Meta-ethics, experimental, Linguistic analysis, Emotions, Congenital judgments, Logical experimental.
53
آق رون
1873 1806 Jon Stewart Mill
54
آق ا أق
'' '' (1) (2)
55
آق رون
.1
56
آق ا أق
(3)
.1.1
Met-ethics (4)
(5)
57
آق رون
(6)
1958 1873 Moore George Edward
58
آق ا أق
(7) (8)
C.L.Stevenson 1989 1910 Ayer. A. J '' 2012 1915 J.O.Urmson 2009 1922 S.Toulmin 1979 1908 2002 1919 R.M.Hare '' (9)
(10)
59
آق رون
(11) (12) Ethics and '' ''Language (13)
(14)
60
آق ا أق
.2.1
1776 1711 David Hume (15)
61
آق رون
(16) (17)
62
آق ا أق
....2
(18)
63
آق رون
'' '' '' (19)
(20) .
(22) .(23) «
64
آق ا أق
(24) (25)
65
آق رون
(26)
(27)
(28)
Factual Terms
66
آق ا أق
(29)
(30)
(31) .
.3
67
آق رون
(32)
68
آق ا أق
(33) .
_ (34) .
Cognitive (35)
69
آق رون
(36)
disposition (37)
(38)
70
آق ا أق
(39) Declarative
(40)
71
آق رون
(41) (42) (43)
Linguistic (44) (45)
72
آق ا أق
(46)
(47)
(48)
'' ''
73
آق رون
...4
(49) (50)
74
آق ا أق
D.Gauthier K.Baier J.Rawls
75
آق رون
(51)
76
آق ا أق
'' '' (52)
77
آق رون
.1 .2 Vienne Circle Neurath R.Carnap Waisman 1922 Menger Feigel 3. Laland.M ;Vocabulaire Technique et critique de la philosophie, 7me éd, paris, PuF, 1956, p54. 2 .4 854 2003 42 2008 .5 26 25 .6 9 8 1986 .7 .8 8 1969 .9 1989 1910 Ayer. A. J .10 2004 1 .11 284 1979 1908 C.L.Stevenson .12 – 13. Stevenson. C.J., Ethics and Language, New Haven, yale University Press, 1944, , p1. 8 .14 24 1990 1 .15 28 .16 28 .17 18. Ayer, A.j. Langage, Truth and Logic, victor Gollancz Ltd, London, 1956, p.107. 19. Ayer, A.J, Philosophical Essays, Macmillan, London, 1963, p.p.130-133.
78
آق ا أق
20. Ibid, p. 241 . 21. Ayer, A, j. “Langage, Truth and Logic, p.p.103-106. 22. Ibid, p.p.42-140. 23. Ibid, p.103. 24. Ibid, p.107 25. Ibid, p .110. 26. Ibid, p.p. 42-69-70 27. Ibid, p.p. 102-103 28. Ibid, p.p.104-105. 29. Ibid, p p 107-108. 30. Ibid, p 108. 31. Ayer, A.J, Philosophical Essays, p p 235. 32. Charles Stevenson, Ethics and Language, pp219-336. 33. Stevenson Charles, The Emotive Meaning of Ethical Terms, In Logical Positivisme, ed A.J .Ayer, New York, the Free Press,1959, p p. 272-274 34. Charles Stevenson, Ethics and Language, p p 54-65. 35. Ibid, p p 67-70. 36. Ibid, p p 62-63-67-70. 37. Ibid, p 66. 38. Ibid, p 71. 39. Ibid, p 21. 40. Ayer, A.J, Philosophical Essays, p.p.235. 41. Charles Stevenson, Ethics and Language, p 1. 42. Ibid, p 1. 43. Ibid, p 37. 301 .44 91 2004 279 1979 2 .45 46. McGhynn, J.V. and Toner J.J., Modern Ethical theories, Milwaukee.U.S.A, 1963, p. 86. 275 .47 259 .48 28 .49 1 .50 84 2006 372 .51 9 .52
79