WORD: in MEMORY of a VILLAGE 259 Forgetting the Land 260 a Land of Forgetting 271 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 283 INDEX 285

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WORD: in MEMORY of a VILLAGE 259 Forgetting the Land 260 a Land of Forgetting 271 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 283 INDEX 285

The Invention of the Land of Israel From Holy Land to Homeland Shlomo Sand (2012) Translated by Jeremy Forman In memory of the villagers of al-Sheikh Muwannis, who were uprooted long ago from the place where I now live and work Contents INTRODUCTION: BANAL MURDER AND TOPONYMY 1 Memories from an Ancestral Land 1 Rights to an Ancestral Land 10 Names of an Ancestral Land 22 1. MAKING HOMELANDS: BIOLOGICAL IMPERATIVE OR NATIONAL PROPERTY? 31 The Homeland—A Natural Living Space? 33 Place of Birth or Civil Community? 39 Territorialization of the National Entity 53 Borders as Boundaries of Spatial Property 6 0 2. MYTHERRITORY: IN THE BEGINNING, GOD PROMISED THE LAND 67 Gifted Theologians Bestow a Land upon Themselves 68 From the Land of Canaan to the Land of Judea 86 The Land of Israel in Jewish Religious Legal Literature 102 ''Diaspora' and Yearning for the Holy Land 107 3. TOWARD A CHRISTIAN ZIONISM: AND BALFOUR PROMISED THE LAND 119 Pilgrimage after the Destruction: A Jewish Ritual? 121 Sacred Geography and Journeys in the Land of Jesus 132 From Puritan Reformation to Evangelicalism 141 Protestants and the Colonization of the Middle East 156 4. ZIONISM VERSUS JUDAISM: THE CONQUEST OF "ETHNIC" SPACE 177 Judaism's Response to the Invention of the Homeland 179 Historical Right and the Ownership of Territory 196 Zionist Geopolitics and the Redemption of the Land 214 From Internal Settlement to External Colonization 230 5. CONCLUSION: THE SAD TALE OF THE FROG AND THE SCORPION 255 AFTERWORD: IN MEMORY OF A VILLAGE 259 Forgetting the Land 260 A Land of Forgetting 271 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 283 INDEX 285 Flyleaf What is a homeland and when does it become a national territory? Why have so many people been killing to die for such places throughout the twentieth century? What is the essence of the Promised Land? Following the acclaimed and controversial The Invention of the Jewish People, Shlomo Sand examines the mystenous sacred land that has become the site of the longest running national struggle of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The Invention of the Land of Israel deconstructs the age-old legends surrounding the Holy Land and the prejudices that continue to suffocate it. Sand's account dissects the concept of "historical right" and tracks the creation of the modern concept of the "Land of Israel" by nineteenth-century Evangelical Protestants and Jewish Zionists. This invention, he argues, not only facilitated the colonization of the Middle East and the establishment of the State of Israel; it is also threatening the existence of the Jewish state today. SHLOMO SAND studied history at the University of Tel Aviv and at the Ecole des hautes etudes en sciences sociales in Paris. He currently teaches contemporary history at the University of Tel Aviv. His other works include The Invention of the Jewish People and On the Nation and the Jewish People..

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Twilight of the Idols
Jpost | Print Article Page 1 of 2 August 31, 2011 Wednesday 1 Elul 5771 11:34 IST Twilight of the Idols By EMMANUEL NAVON 19/06/2011 Israel’s intellectual elite has been living off the same tired mantras for decades: the occupation is the source of all evil; religion is for retards; the advent of peace depends on Israel alone. At least some of them at last seem to be waking up to the dangers of idolizing false constructs. Photo by: Courtesy Israel’s intellectuals are worried. The Israeli Holy Trinity (Amos Oz, A.B. Yehoshua, and David Grossman) is getting old. The Hebrew University’s Pantheon (Martin Buber, Yehuda Magnes, and Yeshayahu Leibowitz) belongs in the annals of history. Avraham Burg tries to mimic Leibowitz, but it is hard to inherit the Lithuanian brain box when you didn’t finish college. As for Shlomo Sand, Moshe Zuckermann and Ilan Pappé, only European neo-Marxists are willing to attend their lectures and to publish their books. RELATED: The world's most influential Jews: 31-40 Moshe Zuckermann recently lamented on the lack of interest in intellectuals from mainstream channels. “It used to be that … they would call me from Army Radio,” he said. So what happened? “The people have been silenced. They tried to strangle them – and they’ve succeeded.” Zuckermann doesn’t specify whom he means by “they” but Daniel Gutwein blames “market forces." “You see,” explains Gutwein, “The market … ensures there is no intellectual discussion.” As for Shlomo Sand, he blames the universities themselves: “To become a professor,” he warns, “you have to be cautious.” One only has to look at the political makeup of Israel’s social science faculties to wonder (or, rather, to understand) what Sand means by “cautious.” As for “market forces” being the enemy of intellectual discussion, I bet Bernard Henri-Lévy would beg to differ: he flies a private jet and nonetheless has quite an audience both at home and abroad (including in Israel).
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NATIONS AND J OURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION AS FOR THE STUDY OF ETHNICITY EN NATIONALISM AND NATIONALISM Nations and Nationalism 16 (4), 2010, 774–787. Book Reviews Shlomo Sand, The Invention of the Jewish People (trans. Yael Lotan). New York: Verso, 2009. 332pp, d18.99 (pbk). In the 1900s, many pro-Westernisation Jews argued that the Jews were a people (volk), but not a nation. Others maintained that the Jewish people was dead and only the Jewish spirit was left. Historically, the drive to ‘‘reinvent’’ the Jewish nation was engendered in reaction to the disintegration it had undergone in the nineteenth century, when Judaism was divided not only into different forms but also into German Jews, French Jews and so forth. Thus, a movement that sought to reconstruct the Jewish identity and experience by employing notions that had become intrinsic to the scholarly and popular dialogue in that century – culture and race – appeared. Shlomo Sand’s book, which has become very popular (though certainly not for its scholarly merits), does not argue that the Jewish people died in the nineteenth century – it argues that it was never born. He claims that only in the 1900s was the Jewish people ‘‘invented’’ by Jewish historians and proto-Zionist and Zionist thinkers, and that this ‘‘invention’’ managed not only to propagate the myth, by various means, but also to establish a state on its basis. Sand does not have to deny the Jews the title nation, because in his counter-history of the Jews he takes a much more radical stand: not only are the Jews not a nation, they were never a people; they never constituted the platform upon which a nation is built, as other peoples created (or invented, as it were) their nationalities in the nineteenth century.
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Converts to Colonizers?
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Published on Reviews in History (https://reviews.history.ac.uk) The Invention of the Jewish People Review Number: 973 Publish date: Friday, 1 October, 2010 Author: Shlomo Sand ISBN: 9781844674220 Date of Publication: 2009 Price: £18.99 Pages: 332pp. Publisher: Verso Place of Publication: London Reviewer: Michael Berkowitz Shlomo Sand’s The Invention of the Jewish People, which appeared in Hebrew as Matai ve’ekh humtza ha’am hayehudi? [When and How Was the Jewish People Invented?] (1) elicited a thunderous response that has yet to abate. Beginning with an interesting and very personal introduction, Sand proceeds to engage, chronologically, the thought of Jews about their own character as a ‘people,’ ‘nation,’ and occasionally, ‘race’ (sic), largely by examining the published writings of figures known to scholars in Jewish Studies, but less familiar to historians generally – including Josephus, Isaak Markus Jost, Heinrich Graetz, Simon Dubnow, Yitzhak Baer, Ben-Zion Dinur, Hans Kohn, and Salo Baron. Sand’s preface to the English language edition states that ‘the disparity between what my research suggested about the history of the Jewish people and the way that history is commonly understood – not only within Israel but in the larger world – shocked me as it shocked my [Hebrew] readers’ (p. xi). Sand insinuates that this ‘shock’ accounts for the excitement surrounding the book – which is a more reasonable assessment regarding its reception in Israel than in the English-speaking world. To his credit, Sand admits that there is almost nothing original in his work, as it is mainly a synthesis and counter-narrative. He writes that ‘I found myself being shaken repeatedly as I worked on the composition’ of the book.
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Shlomo Sand: the Invention of the Jewish People (2009)
The Invention of the Jewish People The Invention of the Jewish People Shlomo Sand Translated by Yael Lotan VERSO London • New York English edition published by Verso 2009 © Verso 2009 Translation © Yael Lotan First published as Matai ve'ekh humtza ha'am hayehudi? [When and How Was the Jewish People Invented?] © Resling 2008 All rights reserved The moral rights of the author have been asserted 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Verso UK: 6 Meard Street, London W1F 0EG US: 20 Jay Street, Suite 1010, Brooklyn, NY 11201 www.versobooks.com Verso is the imprint of New Left Books ISBN-13: 978-1-84467-422-0 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Typeset by Hewer Text UK Ltd, Edinburgh Printed in the US by Maple Vail To the memory of the refugees who reached this soil and those who were forced to leave it. Contents PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE EDITION ÎX INTRODUCTION: BURDENS OF MEMORY 1 Identity in Movement 1 Constructed Memories 14 1. MAKING NATIONS: SOVEREIGNTY AND EQUALITY 23 Lexicon: "People" and Ethnos 24 The Nation: Boundaries and Definitions 31 From Ideology to Identity 39 From Ethnic Myth to Civil Imaginary 45 The Intellectual as the Nations "Prince" 54 2. MYTHISTORY: IN THE BEGINNING, GOD CREATED THE PEOPLE 64 The Early Shaping of Jewish History 65 The Old Testament as Mythistory 71 Race and Nation 78 A Historians' Dispute 81 A Protonationalist View from the East 87 An Ethnicist Stage in the West 95 The First Steps of Historiography in Zion 100 Politics and Archaeology 107 The Earth Rebels against Mythistory 115 The Bible as Metaphor 123 3.
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1 Haaretz20160813 Israel Isn't Fascist, but It Still Needs the World to Save It
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Study of the Zionist Metamorphosis of the Jewish Masculine Body and the Birth of the “Muscle Jew”
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