Location of Investigated Area Applicant

LOCATION OF INVESTIGATED AREA

EXTENT : 1.51.5 Ha, S.F.Nos. : 1322/1A2,1B2,2, 1407/1A,3A, 1408/2B, 1410/1A2,1B and 2B VILLAGE : MALLANKUZHI, TALUK : THALAVADI, DISTRICT : ERODE, STATE : TAMILNADU.

FOR

APPLICANT

No. 120, HOODI APARTMENTS, CUNNINGHAM ROAD, BENGALURU, KARNATAKA - 560 052.

PREPARED BY

Recognized Qualified Person RQP/MAS/253/2013/A

New No.17, Advaitha Ashram Road, Alagapuram, Salem District, Tamilnadu – 636 004. Cell: 94422 78601, 94433 56539 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

LIST OF CONTENTS

Page S. No. Description No.

1. Preamble 1

2. Infrastructure 2

3. Location and Physiography 3

4. Details of the area 4

5. Geology 6

6. Contour Mapping and Preparation of the Base Plan 8

7. Method of Estimation of Reserves 8

8. Summary and Conclusion 11

LIST OF PLATES

Plate S. No. Description Scale No.

1. GEOLOGICAL PLAN AND SECTIONS I 1:1,000

2 KEY PLAN II 1:1,00,000

Geological Report Mallankuzhi Black Granite A BRIEF GEOLOGICAL REPORT FOR THE OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF BLACK GRANITE (DOLERITE) DEPOSIT OVER AN EXTENT OF 1.51.5Ha OF MALLANKUZHI VILLAGE, THALAVADI TALUK, ERODE DISTRICT.

1.0 PREAMBLE: This Geological report is prepared for evaluation of Black Granite belongs to

M/s. Deccan Trading Company Pvt. Ltd., having an office at No. 120, Hoodi

Apartments, Cunningham Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka - 560 052.

The applicant intends to carry out a Geotechnical study to estimate the

Resources and Reserves of Black Granite in the prospecting area, hence the proponent approach me S. Ilavarasan, M.Sc., to carry out a detailed Geological investigation. S. Ilavarasan, M.Sc., has decided to carry out the Geological evaluation and validation of the Black granite deposit.

The primary objective of this study is to make a Geological and geophysical investigation of the Black granite, which is available in the study area moreover analyzing the physical properties like structure, Texture, Colour, Hardness, etc., to suitable for the Commercial exploitation in the Present Market position. The principle aim of this Reconnaissance Survey is to delineate Granite deposits to evaluate the resource and estimate the reserves of the granite in the area, over an extent of 1.51.5Ha of Patta lands in S.F.Nos. 1322/1A2, 1322/1B2, 1322/2,

1407/1A, 1407/3A, 1408/2B, 1410/1A2, 1410/1B and 1410/2B of

Mallankuzhi Village, Thalavadi Taluk, Erode District, Tamil Nadu State along with Global Positioning System (in W.G.S datum-1984).

The scope of the work is to assess the nature of the Black Granite deposit and its occurrence and distribution within the study area. Accordingly, the consultant undertook the various Geological studies, and this report is prepared based on the investigation conducted, field observation and its inference along with recommendations.

Geological Report Mallankuzhi Black Granite The study area has under consideration in quarrying operations earlier. The first lease has granted in favour of M/s. Pacific Enterprises, for quarrying black granite over an extent of 1.73.5 hectares in S.F.Nos. 1322/1A2, 1322/1B2, 1322/2, 1407/1A, 1407/3A, 1408/2B, 1410/1A2, 1410/1B, 1410/2B and 1411/2A of Mallankuzhi Village, Sathiyamangalam Taluk, Erode District for a period of 5 years from 1996 – 2001. The study area is containing two existing quarry pits situated in S.F.Nos. and an existing waste dump, due to quarry operations carried out during earlier quarry lease period. The maximum dimension of the existing quarry pits and waste dump is given table below (Please refer Geological Plan Plate No. I). Table - 1 Existing pit dimension in meters PIT No. (Maximum) Location in S.F.Nos. Length Width Depth 1410/1A2, 1410/1B and Pit – 1 49 15 4 1410/2B (additional pit covered in S.F.No. 1411/2A) Pit – 2 30 30 3 1407/1A

Table - 2 Existing Waste dump dimension in meters Location in (Maximum) S.F.Nos. Length Width Height 48 41 6 1322/1A2

2.0 INFRASTRUCTURE: The study Area is located about 4km northeast of Mallankuzhi hamlet and

100m north of Dhoddakhajanur to Aralvadi village road.

The nearest town is Thalavadi, which is about 5km on the Northeastern side where all basic facilities like Hospital, Communication centre, Schools, Police

Station, and Bus terminus are available. The District Administrative Office and the

District headquarters are available in the Erode town located at a distance of 95km on the southeastern side.

Geological Report Mallankuzhi Black Granite There is good approachable metal road is already existence on the southwestern side of the area, there is no other patta land encountered for the haulage and approach of Black Granite. Table – 3 Approximate aerial distance Particulars Location from lease applied area. Nearest School Soosaiyapuram 2km – SE Nearest Post Office Aralvadi 4km – West Nearest Town Thalavadi 5km – NE Nearest Police Station Thalavadi 5km – NE Nearest govt. Hospital Thalavadi 5km – NE Nearest D.S.P. Office Sathiyamangalam 42km – SE Nearest Railway Station Samrajnagar 18km – North Nearest Airport Coimbatore 82km – South Nearest Seaport Kochi 215km – SW

There is no habitation/village located within the radius of 300m and few villages are located within the 5km radius, approximate distance with direction & population are furnished below. Table – 4 Name of the Approximate Approximate S. No. Direction Village Distance population 1. Soosaiyapuram SE 2km 2,750 2. Dhoddakhajanur East 4km 5,300 3. Bisalavadi NW 4km 4,600 4. Karulavadi South 3km 1,900 5. Arulavadi West 4km 2,900 6. Mallankuzhi SW 4km 5,050

There is no historical/National Monuments, Reserved forest, Wild life sanctuaries, Places of Worship, Public Buildings, Places of Public Interest and Permanent structures situated within 500m radius of the area.

3.0 LOCATION AND PHYSIOGRAPHY: The area is situated in an undulated surface on the hilly terrain. The gradient is gentle towards southeast and altitude of the area is about 790m to 795m above from MSL. The Black granite is clearly visible right from the existing quarry pit with physical weathering. The ground water occurrence in this area is about 52mts in summer and 47mts in rainy season. The average annual rainfall is about 575mm – 833mm. The climate is dry and the temperature rises up to 40oC in summer and falls down to 21oC in winter seasons.

Geological Report Mallankuzhi Black Granite The study area is a barren land and the area has been carried out quarry operation in earlier hence, this area does not fit for any agricultural activities. The surrounding lands are barren land and seasonal cultivation practiced in some places by lift irrigation method. The main crops are Paddy, Ragi, Maize, Beens, Groundnut and trees like Neem, Cocos nucifera, Cactus and thorny bushes are seen around the area. Fig.1.0 Satellite Imagery of the study area

4.0 DETAILS OF THE AREA a. The area is marked in the Survey of India, Topo sheet No. 58-A/13. b. The details of the land covered by the area is given below. TABLE - 5 Area in Patta Occupancy District Taluk Village S.F.Nos. Hectares No. 1322/1A2 0.24.5 1322/1B2 0.05.5 It is a Patta land 1322/2 0.23.0 registered in the name 1407/1A 0.37.5 of M/s. Pacific Enterprises. The Erode Thalavadi Mallankuzhi 1407/3A 0.03.0 1783 company has obtained 1408/2B 0.20.0 consent from the 1410/1A2 0.06.5 pattadar for the period 1410/1B 0.07.0 of 25 years from 1410/2B 0.24.5 23.10.2018. Total Extent 1.51.5

Geological Report Mallankuzhi Black Granite The investigated area lies between the North Latitudes of 11°46'09.42"N to 11°46'16.35"N and East Longitudes of 76°57'19.22"E to 76°57'28.22"E (in W.G.S datum-84). Fig 2.0 Photographs of the Study area

Geological Report Mallankuzhi Black Granite 5.0 GEOLOGY: i) REGIONAL GEOLOGY The hard rock terrain of Archaean to Late proterozoic comprises of predominantly

Granite, Gneiss, Charnockite, Khondalite group of rocks and their magmatic derivatives, supracrustual sequences intruded by ultramafic complexes, basic dykes, granites.

The northern part of Tamilnadu, north of Noyil – Cauvery River is characterized by the occurrences of a number of Dolerite dykes in contrast to the areas south of Noyil –

Cauvery River where the dykes are absent. The dolerite dykes in general trending is in

WNW- ESE and NNE – SSE directions and rarely in N-S and NNW – SSE directions.

In central part of Tamilnadu, ENE – WNW to NE- SW trending dolerite dykes (Black granite) are seen transecting the Charnockite in Kalrayan & Kolli Hills. Palaeo magnetic studies of some of these dykes indicate Mid-Proterozoic age.

Due to emplacement of Dolerite Dykes along narrower plains of weakness, the rock on solidification develops cracks and fractures mostly along the contacts with the country rocks. The dolerite dykes are mostly emplaced as ‘swarms” in an area.

Granites were formed from molten rock referred to as “Magma” formed at great depths within the crust of the earth. During the cooling process, some of the minerals grow into larger crystals of colours peculiar to those minerals or get aligned along certain preferred directions giving rise to beautiful colors and patterns. Such rocks that were formed at great depths during the Archaean age are now exposed at the surface of the earth as a result of the combined actions of wind, air, sunlight and water and weathering and denudation over the past several million years.

The granitic group ranges in composition from granite, through granodiorities to adamellite, augite-diorite, monzonite, etc., and contains inclusions of hornblendic rocks. To what extent they represent intrusive of different ages is yet to be determined, but their very complex nature is unquestionable since they include composite gneisses, migmatites, granitised older crystalline rocks and true granites with their aplitic and quartz vein systems.

The black granite is a basic igneous rock formed from ulltramafic magmas by partial melting. The composition of the rock is plagioclase (Labradorite) and pyroxene (Augite). The texture is ophitic i.e., large oligoclase of Augite enclose the laths of plagioclase feldspar. The colour is termed as Leucocratic. Free silica is rare or absent. The rock is holocrystalline, black colour, hardness-5 to 6, prismatic cleavage. 6

Geological Report Mallankuzhi Black Granite ii) GEOLOGY OF THE INVESTIGATED AREA: The black granite mostly concealed under reddish gravelly soil having an average thickness of 2m and followed by fresh black granite. The Charnockite forms the country rock of the area with trending of N30oE – S30oW with almost vertical dipping. The “Black Granite” (Dolerite) is intruded between the batholithic formation of pre-existing country rock of Charnockite discordantly with trending of N60oW - S60oE with Vertical dipping with an average width of 49 meters which stretches about the entire area (Please refer Plate No. IV). The black granite is clearly exposed in the existing quarry pits and few small detached boulders are observed with spheroidal weathering and cuboidal joints. The black granite (Dolerite dyke) rock is sub-ophitic, brownish black in color, equigranular, medium to fine grained texture. The color of the rock changes depending on the texture of the rock. The Dykes is fine grained at the contact of country rock. The Dolerite is composed of laths of plagioclase embedded in the plates of Augite (Ophitic texture), Apatite, magnetite and pyrite forms the secondary mineral. Strike and dip joints are observed at the surface level which is likely to decrease in deep seated condition. Taking in to consideration of the above geological factors an average recovery of 20% upto 22m (2m Topsoil + 20m Black granite) depth has been computed as economically viable at present market scenario.

STRUCTURAL SETTINGS OF ERODE The Litho-Stratigraphic sequence of the rock types in this area is:- AGE FORMATION

Recent - Soil

------Unconformity------

Proterozoic to Dolerites,

late Archaean Migmatites, Charnockite

Khondalites

Archaean Peninsular Gneissic Complex-I (Bhavani Group)

Sathiyamangalam Group.

The Physical attitude of the Black Granite deposit in this area is given below:- Strike Direction = N60oW – S60oE Dip direction and amount = Vertical dip.

Geological Report Mallankuzhi Black Granite 6.0 CONTOUR MAPPING AND PREPARATION OF THE BASE PLAN: The area was surveyed in detail by the Exploration Team with the help of

Global Positioning System (GPS), this instrument is used for the sake of speed and precision in surveying (Meter accuracy). Such an instrument was utilized to pick up all the topographical and surface features of the entire study area.

All the features like Exposures, boundary pillars were picked up and plotted on the map in the scale of 1:1000, Based on the spot levels the contour interval and base plan was prepared. While conducting the Topographical survey in the study area by global positioning system (GPS) with the help of cartographer. This instrument is a global navigation satellite system chiefly developed to locate the position of a particular location with co-ordinates (Latitudes and Longitudes).

This gives exact points of the entire boundaries of the investigation area, this procedure gives clear picture of the investigated area where the detailed investigation has to be carried out. Temporary bench marks were identified and located within the investigation area, to calculate the altitude and reference levels which are basic units for laying grid lines for reserves estimation.

7.0 METHOD OF ESTIMATION OF RESERVES: The estimation of Geological resources is done by cross sections method. The

Geological plan demarcating the commercially viable Granite body has been prepared in 1:1000 scale. Totally six sections have been drawn, two along the strike direction as (X-Y and X1-Y1) Length wise and other four cross sections are drawn Perpendicular to strike as (A-B, C-D, E-F and G-H) Width wise which is suitably chosen to cover the maximum area, in the scale of 1:1000 (Please refer Geological Plan and Sections in

Plate No. I).

Geological Report Mallankuzhi Black Granite The cross sectional area for the proved depth persistence of 22m has been worked out for each section. The cross sectional area multiplied by its length influence on the longer axis gives the volume (insitu) in the cross sectional area. The sum total of the insitu reserves available within the individual cross sectional area gives the

Geological Resources of the area.

From the total geological insitu resources, the quantity of saleable granite stones, quantity of granite waste generation are computed by applying recovery factor as 20% by its volume. As the saleable Black Granite stone are in terms of cubic meters (Volume) only not in terms of tonnage as in the case of major industrial mineral, the geological resources, Mineable reserves and quantum of waste generated etc., are given only in terms of cubic meters (Volume).

The details of estimation of geological resources and recoverable reserves with reference to the geological plan and cross sections as shown in Plate No.I has been furnished.

Geological Resources Table – 6 Recovery Granite Side Length Width Depth ROM Topsoil Section Bench @ 20% Waste @ Burden (m) (m) (m) (m3) (m3) (m3) 80% (m3) (m3)

i 52 49 2 - - - 5096 - 52 10 5 - - - - 2600 ii 52 39 5 10140 2028 8112 - - 52 10 5 - - - - 2600 iii 52 39 5 10140 2028 8112 - - XY-AB 52 10 5 - - - - 2600 iv 52 39 5 10140 2028 8112 - - 52 10 5 - - - - 2600 v 52 39 5 10140 2028 8112 - - Total 40560 8112 32448 5096 10400

Geological Report Mallankuzhi Black Granite i 32 15 2 - - - 960 - 32 15 3 - - - - 1440 ii 32 15 3 1440 288 1152 - - 32 15 1 - - - - 480 32 15 1 480 96 384 - - iii 43 15 4 - - - - 2580 XY-CD 43 15 4 2580 516 2064 - - 43 30 5 - - - - 6450 iv 43 30 5 6450 1290 5160 - - 43 30 5 - - - - 6450 v 43 30 5 6450 1290 5160 - - Total 17400 3480 13920 960 17400 i 34 58 2 - - - 3944 - 34 25 2 - - - - 1700 ii 34 33 2 2244 449 1795 - - 34 25 1 - - - - 850 34 33 1 1122 224 898 - - iii 44 25 4 - - - - 4400 XY-EF 44 33 4 5808 1162 4646 - - 44 25 5 - - - - 5500 iv 44 33 5 7260 1452 5808 - - 44 25 5 - - - - 5500 v 44 33 5 7260 1452 5808 - - Total 23694 4739 18955 3944 17950 i 74 32 2 - - - 4736 - 74 11 5 - - - - 4070 ii 74 49 5 18130 3626 14504 - - 74 11 5 - - - - 4070 iii X1Y1- 74 49 5 18130 3626 14504 - - GH 95 11 5 - - - - 5225 iv 95 49 5 23275 4655 18620 - - 95 11 5 - - - - 5225 v 95 49 5 23275 4655 18620 - - Total 82810 16562 66248 4736 18590 Grand Total 164464 32893 131571 14736 64340

Total Geological Resources ROM : 1,64,464m3 Total Recoverable Reserves @ 20% : 32,893m3 Granite waste @ 80% : 1,31,571m3 Side Burden(SB) : 64,340m3 Total waste (Granite waste + SB) : 1,95,911m3 Topsoil : 14,736m3 Granite : waste ratio : 1:6

Geological Report Mallankuzhi Black Granite 8.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: On the data observed by the Geological Investigation it was inferred that there is a potential deposit of Black Granite (Dolerite) in the study area. 1. In the study area contain good quality of Black granite and it is observed in the existing quarry pits, surface outcrops and detached boulders with physical weathering, minor strike and dip joints observed at the surface level which is likely to decrease or absent in deep seated condition. Hence, an average recovery percentage has been considered as 20% to a depth of 22m from the surface level. 2. Geological factors are structure and textural features are adds more beauty for this formation also the colour of the black granite body is having more value and demand at present market scenario. 3. There is no permanent structure, Habitation, Archeological or Historical monuments and Places of worship located within 300m radius of the study area but, Akkurjora Reserved forest, Talamalai Reserved forest, Sathiyamangalam Tiger Wild life sanctuary, Eco-sensitive zone and Karnataka State border situated within 10km radius of the area. Hence, on the data observed by Geological Investigation it was inferred that the Granite Deposit is fit for commercial exploitation and economically safe and systematic quarry operations. This report is prepared to our best of knowledge and the data inferred by Geological Investigation and field observation. Prepared By

S. ILAVARASAN, M.Sc., Recognized Qualified Person RQP/MAS/253/2013/A Place: Salem Date: 21.01.2019