Of Key Terms

Index of Key Terms

Symbols active audience 2977 2.5 Generation Wireless Service (2.5G) 390 database 2881 learning 372 server page (ASP) 144, 517, 1406, 2474 A server page (ASP) scripting 684 A/VE 1897 server page (ASP) aggregator 145 absorptive capacity 1044, 2518 X control 2312 abstract activities 2006, 3089 dimension 2820 activity diagram 329 windows toolkit (AWT) 1668 actor 41, 45, 2006, 2953 academic administration 1707 actor-network theory (ANT) 41, 46, 2011 acceptable use policy (AUP) 2028 actual level of awareness 572 access actuary 172 board standards 884 adaptability 97 control list (ACL) 1523 adaptive accessibility 884, 1819, 1287 algorithm 2595 data quality 1921 feedback 2329 accessible 3083 filter 2595 technology 2919 learning 3064 Web design 884 adaptor 2418 accommodations 2212 added value 2307 accountability 1418 ADDIE 1347 accountable identification 994 adding value 2752 accounting performance measures 176 addressable anit 869 accreditation 901 ADISSA 1115 acculturation 2850 administrative accuracy 2109 and institutional support 1000 ACF 2192 tasks 2792 ACID properties 589, 938 adoption 1188, 2518, 2966 ACS 2984 advanced action 572, 2881 information technology structure 1995 research 297 Internet applications 863 theory 122 advisory agents 80 actionable information 1910 affect-based trust 1869 action-oriented formal specification language affective 1210 complexity 1029 activation function 2098 computing 1056, 1185 activation-emotion space 1185 or relationship conflict 2915

Copyright © 2005, Idea Group Inc., distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI is prohibited. Index of Key Terms affordances 259 synchronization 3100 agent 92, 97, 815, 938, 1204, 1606, 1792, 1826, application-layer multicast (ALM) 667 1966 applicative-oriented formal specification orientation 1905 language 1210 agents compatibility 1826 appropriation and delivery structure 1995 agent-based approximation Set 438 approach to ASP 145 a-priori feature extraction 2271 simulation 2506 Arab world 2850 aggregate range query 929 Arabization 2839 aggregation 494 arbitration 1833 process 216 architecture 487 agile 2909 viewpoint 487 agile/virtual enterprise 1896 areal interpolation 380 AIP 518 arity 1475 algebraic specification 2430 around-the-clock development 1451 algorithm animation 2334 around-the-sun development 1451 alignment 109, 2625, 2647, 1321, 3073 ARPANET 1022 all rules search 896 artefact 2994 alliance management 247 articulated object 2701 allied model of IPFS 1457 artificial ambiguity 1853 intelligence 1602, 1787 American Community Survey 379 life (ALife) 2084 Americans with Disabilities Act 884, 3047 neural network 172, 1814 amusement 1611 artificially intelligent systems 1241 analog 156 ASCII 156 analysis 1383, 2084 aspect 1927 filter bank 1252 descriptor 1927 model 2391 assertion 801 analysts 311 assessment 386 anchor domain 102 asset anchored instruction 372 creator 869 andragogy 1188 manager 869 angle of arrival (AOA) 1977 assignment 1200 animated pedagogical agents 1137 assisted global positioning system (A-GPS) 1977 animation 1611 assistive technology 884, 2212, 2919, 3083 model 2506 association 2418, 2642 annotations 2480 analysis 2798 anomalies 1234 rules 1148, 2099 anonymity 97, 183, 1343 assured forwarding (AF) 395 in GSS 659 asymmetric of GSS 1343 communication 654 antenarrative 1937 digital subscriber line 917 anthropocentric view of knowledge 1782 asymmetry 2901 antinoise 2596 asynchronous 2213 anytime, anywhere work 134 communication channels 1798 APA 2352 discussion 1916 APICS 778, 1142 group communication technologies 2783 Applet 2442 mode 679 application transfer mode 917 aware vs. application transparent 1196 asynchrony 2864 integration 2604 ATAP 790 programming interfaces (APIs) 1741 ateleology 2734 service provider (ASP) 1011, 1862 attention-based IT infrastructure 1224 state 1413 attitude toward the site (ATS) 1611

2 Index of Key Terms attribute 2006, 1277 behavior networks 479 (informal definition) 1496 hyperstructures 479 auction-based market 1905 learning 242 audience method 815 class 186 network 235 response system (ARS) 183 BBN 242 track 186 beat tracking 196 audience-driven Web design 186 bed and breakfast 1639 audio behavioral/value information 1890 browser 884 behavioural packet 57 landscape 2734 sample 57 variations 2734 audio-lingual method 2759 beliefs 2642 audit 1401 below-view 2729 authentication 1966 benchmark 1910, 2148 author cocitation analysis 727 benefits authoring 1927 management 2367 authority 3117 realisation 2367 authorization 1966 benevolence 2909 for informationbase 1517 best practices 1093, 1107 automated better-faster-cheaper 975 fingerprint identification system (AFIS) 199 bibliometrics 276 planning 2408 bibliomining 276 automatic big-bang indexing 3117 approach 1849 thesaurus construction 2661 ERP implementation 1093 transcription 195 bill of materials (BOM) 2413 tutoring device 2329 binary coding 1200 autonomous bioinformatics 727 agent 1606 biological neural network 172 system (AS) 667 biometry (synonym: biometrics) 305 (sub) system 1572 bit stream 2057 autonomy and freedom 1424 black boxing 46 avatars 126 black-scholes option pricing model 2401 awareness model 572 blended axiom 2154 learning 690, 1819, 2448 axiomatic semantics 1210 learning environment 259 blocking 1544, 2028 B blog 507 back-end interoperability 988 Blooms taxonomy of learning 790 backpropagation 172, 1633, 2099 BM_VEARM 1897 backward-looking responsibility 1325 BM_virtual enterprise 1897 balanced score card 176, 843, 975, 1910 BNN 242 balancing (counteracting) feedback 2722 Bobby 3047 bandwidth 32, 917, 1406, 2028 boosting 2099 management 2050 BBA (Bone-Based Animation) 126 bar codes 545 BOOTSTRAP 386 base pair 3073 bottlenecks 1606 basic residential register network 2363 bottom-up approach 317 baudot 156 boundary Bayes rule 235, 242 crossing 1798 Bayesian region 438 agencies 479 bounded rationality 1853 Box-Jenkins approach 2103

3 Index of Key Terms branching 1315 capability brick-and-mortar 1069 maturity model (CMM) 2179, 2358, 2555 organization 2813 maturity model integrated (CMMI) 2340 schools 3006 table, 1523 broadband network 917 capacity broadcast miss 367 channel 697 provisioning network (CPN) 367 cycle 697 capital equipment expenditures (CAPEX) 638 database 744 cardinality constraints 2423 broker 402, 1897 career trajectory 1769 browser 1662, 2442 carrier sensing 3094 log 2442 CASE 329 browsewrap agreement 1837 case buddy list 1544 history 1937 building block 2839 mix 1672 bulletin board 471, 1763 mix information system (CMIS) 1672 Bullwhip effect 1069, 3089 study 317, 1937, 2381, 2502 business study research 1677 alignment 1897 case-based expert system 1830 complexity 1725 catalog 1930 engineering 2506 categorisation 1602 intelligence 752, 993, 1462, 1589 category model 337, 2710, 3059 attribute 216 process 10, 355, 1321, 1602, 2000 in NL 2855 process outsourcing 1304 causal process reengineering (BPR) 115, 355, 621, ambiguity 479 633, 925, 1093, 1954, 2825 link 1161 processes 2657, 2855 loop diagram (CLD) 843, 2722 rule 1475, 2301 CD-ROM 965 rules 1429 programs 2759 strategy 1321 cell 929 business to business (B2B) 917, 2133, 3121 identification (Cell-ID) 1977 e-commerce 1069, 2044 cellular networks 3094 business to consumer (B2C) e-commerce 1069, census II X-11 2103 2044, 2886 centralized model 2869 business to employee (B2E) 2133 certificate authority 450 business certification 386 transaction 10 authority 933, 2292 value 2657 practice statement 2292 buyer-driven value chain 67 CGI 1948 byte hit rate 3053 chain of sustainability 479 byte-code 1668 challenge 1424 and response 2372 C challenged projects 1937 C4ISR 1283 change 1842 cache 2442 management 1842, 2259, 2683 memory 2276 readiness 1418 caching proxy 367 channel CAD 128 availability 2891 call option 474 capacity 1029 call-based policing 324 conflict 2877 camera calibration 1354 symmetry 2891 capabilities 463 character segmentation 6

4 Index of Key Terms

set 1297 clustering 227, 702, 2109, 2419, 2642, 2798 charismatic behavior 801 algorithm 196 chat 1544, 2202 CMM I (CMM-I1; CMM-I2) 2358 room 1120, 1544, 2312 coaches 311 sessions 790 cocited 2491 checkpointing (full, incremental) 1196 cognition 443, 2062 Chen approach 2423 cognitive chief knowledge officer (CKO) 413 domain 204 children 879 gap 2418 Chi-Square automatic interaction detection load 879, 2062 (CHAID) 2099 problem-solving style 2418 choropleth map 380, 2984 process 1826 CIO 1321 reasoning 2329 Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) 690 science 1787, 2062 citizen style 1264, 1277, 2418 rights 1124 system 1826 satisfaction 324 tool 2062 citizen-centric 15 trust 1869 civil society 419 cohesion 2154 clarity of responsibility 1418 collaboration 830, 1869, 1916 class 329, 2006, 2160, 2468 collaborative algebra 2246 browsing 456 diagram 1173, 1217 culture 2000 hierarchy 2468 filter 2462 classification 235, 896, 2491, 2642, 2798 filtering 727, 910, 2067, 2549 tree 1633, 2325 interface 2408 classroom interaction 626 learning 1005, 2448 cleansing 2860 planning, forecasting, andreplenishment clear (CPFR) 843, 1862 case 1830 resources 572 direction 1424 collection 1383 click-and-mortar 1069 development 2801 click-stream 684 management 2801 clickstream stage 2695 data 2808 collective tracking 2276 action 1763 clickwrap agreement 1837 human knowledge 1787 client 2442 intentional action 456 client/server 433 knowledge 1527 architecture 3034 collectivism 2886 client-originated ERP maintenance request 1101 collision 2377 client-server architecture 1093 co-located work 134, 2128 client-side/server-side scripting 684 color feature 568 clinical combination of forecast 706 audit 1672 commerce 971 coding 1672 commercial groupware packages 2740 clock synchronization 1683 commodity-based market 1905 CLOD 450 common closed carriers 145 and open systems 609 identity 1769 loop MRP 2413 semantic layer 1061 closed-world assumption (CWA) 2246, 2408 communicating X-machine 1204 cluster 2271, 2325, 2798 communication 1787 analysis 139, 438, 2798 climate 654, 1769

5 Index of Key Terms

media 2891 anxiety 500, 1264, 2034 norms anxiety rating scale (CARS) 1264 strategies 1029 attitude 500 technology comfort 500 communities confidence 501 of circumstance 2994 engineering (CE) 5 1 2 of interest 2994 graphics (CG) 1179 of practice 1396, 1763, 2994 information systems (CIS) of purpose 2994 liking 501 community literacy 1662 building 2208 reservation system 1639 informatics 317 science (CS) 3110 portal 317 self-efficacy 1265, 2034 community-in-practice 2259 simulation 2502 community-oriented policing supported collaborative learning (CSCL) 2448 compatibility 1044, 2966 supported collaborative work (CSCW) 183, of innovation 857 944 compensating transaction 744 vision (CV) 1179 competence 463, 1188 computer-aided software engineering (CASE) sets 479 1217 competition 950 computer-based competitive assessment 1948 advantage 480, 785, 1032, 2626 information system (CBIS) forces 1507 computerized intelligence 1383, 1462, 2695 criminal history (CCH) 199 complementarity 2657, 2877 language labs 2759 core competencies/the pooling of resources school information systems 2769 3000 computer-mediated communication (CMC) 507, complementary resource combinations (CRCs) 528, 848, 1029, 2223 479 computer-supported complex collaborative learning (CSCL) 507, 1534, 3017 environments 2688 cooperative work (CSCW) 2208 system 1572, 1826 learning 1128 complexity 2155, 2966 computing of innovation 857 curricula 2001 (CC 2001) 512 compliance 456 inspired by nature 2084 verification 2688 concept 2798 component 487, 1133 concept-based interface 487 image retrieval 562 middleware 487 search 2184 component-based conceptual development 487 model 343, 2121, 2423, 2512, 2855 Web engineering 2561 modeling 733, 738, 2927 components 1857 schema 1475 composition 329, 494, 2160 schema of a database 36 comprehension-modeling tools 1534 conceptual/functional equivalence 644 comprehensive (complete) contracts 595 concerns of commercialization 626 compulsory miss 367 condition 2881 computational emergence 5 2 2 conditional distribution 242 computationally hard problems 2372 conditioning function of the management of computer-based training (CBT) 1792 online discussions 2023 constructionism 906 conduit metaphor 2729 computer CONE 2943 and information literacy 679 conferences 471

6 Index of Key Terms

conferencing systems 2740 contingency confidence 896, 1148 theoretic software development (CTSD) 5 8 2 confidentiality 97, 874 theory (CT) 413, 582, 1153 and security in telemedicine 2050 continuation pattern 167 conflict 1627 continuous confusion matrix 2099 queries 744, 1439 connections in planning 109 system 2512 connectivity 971 continuous-time signals 1252 consensual domain 204 contour map 2590 consistency of warehouse data and Web contract 595, 589 documents 1061 rights 1124 consistent theory 1602 answer 534 control room 270 database 534 controlled consortium exchange 1070 indexing 2561 constrained OLS method 706 MA 2377 constraint databases 1371 converged networks 396 construct 443 convergence 2532, 2901 bias 644 converging thinking techniques 1424 constructed data type 2121 converging/diverging gross margin analysis 6 3 8 constructivism 183, 372, 616, 2386, 2933 cookies 874, 2276, 2312 (or social constructivism) 538 cooperation 950, 1916 consultancy 115 coordination consumer of commitments 2506 credit 605 of tasks 2506 to business (C2B) 2133 coordinator 92 container model 1038 co-partnership managers 297 content 1959, 2825 CORBA - common object-request broker archi- aggregation 555 tecture 938 aggregator 2474 corporate assembly 555 I.Q. 1596 distribution network or content delivery net- knowledge 1527 work (CDNCDN) 367 performance management (CPM) 2133 gratification 2977 cosine measure 2664 management 1578 co-sourcing originators 2474 coupling 2155 scalability 2057 course seeding 555 content 627 unit 554 design 901 content-based management system (CMS) 2740, 2801 access 2989 partnership 297 filtering 727, 2067 courseware 1406 image retrieval (CBIR) 6, 73, 522, 563, 1337, covert channel 2458 2109 crawler/spider 3117 retrieval 2664 creative context 1292 performance 1424 query 1061 problem solving (CPS) 1424 context-awareness 51 workflow 869 context-mechanism-outcome pattern 6 1 6 creativity 1424, 1539 contextual enhancing system 1241 data quality 1921 credibility 2909 inquiry 1617 credit 605 metadata 576 scoring 605 contextualism 1879 criterion path 1137

7 Index of Key Terms

critical D failure factors 621 mass 252 DAG 1315 realism 609 dashboard 271 research 2381 data 151, 605, 752, 891, 1596, 2652 success factors 271, 621, 627, 633, 1406, allocation 1445 1507 architecture 151 value activities 67 cloud 1691 cross-classification of maps 2590 conversion 115 cross-cultural 1622 cube 929, 2396 environment 1481 definition 1481 IT management 1802 dissemination/broadcasting 6 9 7 cross-culture communication 654 driven 2642 cross-media adaptation 2057 flow diagram (DFD) 1115 crossover 2220 fusion 1354 cross-site scripting (XSS) 2312 integration 534, 749, 1082 crosstalk 2596 item 697 cryptography 97, 1966 mart 722, 733, 1582, 1944, 2325 CTL 1204 mining 139, 276, 424, 605, 702, 706, 713, cube 602, 1332 722, 1325, 1582, 1602, 1633, 1639, 2325, cultural 2485, 2808, 2845, 3067 algorithms 1758 multidimensionality 216 diversity 1038 planning 1481 habit 1481 quality 151, 1921 culturally appropriate 2984 resource management 151 culture 247, 654, 659, 1396, 2850 segment 697 gap 2820 stream management systems (DSMS) 1439 cumulative annual growth rate (CAGR) 638 streams 1439 customer type 2121 attraction 2615 warehouse 602, 713, 722, 733, 1332, 1582, loyalty 2549, 2615 1639, 1944, 2325, 3067 loyalty plan 2615 warehouse library 1061 premise equipment (CPE) 638 warehouse profiling 1061 profiling 971, 2550 warehousing 276, 1332, 1606 relationship management (CRM) 1107, 1142, warehousingdata mining (DW-DM) 765 2133, 2202, 2527, 2808, 2845, 2891 data, information, knowledge 1777 retention 2615 database 757, 891 service life cycle 722 answer 534 customer-based/customized products 3000 benchmark 2149 customer-centric value chain 67 index 2485 customization 835, 2550 management system (DBMS) 2121, 2235, cutoff Frequencies 2498 2621 cyber ethics 61 modeling 2121 cybercafé 1512 paradigms 738 cyberloafing 2281 quality 891 cybersex 1120, 1627 schema reengineering 1430 cyberslacking 2028 trigger 1874 cyber-societies 2538 data-driven cyberspace 3027 decision making 1481 cyclic graph 1315 Web design 187 cyclomatic complexity 2155 data-dining guidelines 1325 dataveillance 2688 DBA 1445, 2167 DBMS 738

8 Index of Key Terms

DDI 291 country 1512 decentralized model 2869 nations 1107 decimation 984, 1252 development literature 1677 filter 1252 developmental theory 310 decision deviance information criterion (DIC) 227 content 1879 deviation analysis 2099 context 1879 differential time of arrival (DTOA) 1977 making process 771, 1241 differentiated services (DiffServ) 396 making support system (DMSS) 765 differentiation 2869 process 1879 diffusion 852, 856, 2518, 2966 support 2437 of information technology 2839 support system (DSS) 752, 757, 765, 771, of innovation 1044 1242, 1371, 1606, 1910, 2235 digital technology system 1242 asset 869 trees 2099 asset management (DAM) 869 declarative vs. procedural knowledge 2062, asset store 869 2301 certificates 2454 defense in depth 1523 city 994 deferred Darwinism 2835 design decisions 2734 deliberation 1378 option 2401 democracy 1378 degree divide 32, 282, 291, 1230, 1378, 1502, 1959, of range 1596 3041 of feach 1596 economy 2437 of structuring 1596 ethos conditions 1622 delay filter 1252 jitter 57 filter bank 1252, 2192 spike 57 fingerprints 2372 deliberative gap 2532 democracy 1378, 2023 government 1016 procedure 2023 image 563 delivery platforms and applications 2474 inclusion 282 demand-driven view of knowledge 355 library 1486, 2801 dendrogram 7 2 7 license 922 denormalized data tables 1874 map 1277 denotational semantics 1210 rights management (DRM) 922 dense data cube 929 signature 1966 deontic effect 10 signatures 2372 dependencies 1234 thinking 1597 dependency 1490 digitality 971 dependent variable 2676 dimension 216, 929, 1133, 2396 deployment cost 667 dimensional model 3067 deseasonalization 2103 dipping diffusion pattern 863 design 3021 direct model 2391 audio broadcasting 1746 variables 2747 impact 176 designers 311 directed acyclic graph (DAG) 235, 1332 desk top delivery 2202 direction 1383 desktop publishing 408 directional relation 2145 destructive power 1869 directory 3117 detailed project plan 621 direct-to-plate 408 deterministic behavior 1413 disability 2919 detrending 2103 disabled student 2213 developing discourse support system 2023

9 Index of Key Terms discrete map 2984 event simulation (DES) 2506, 2676 double system 2512 talk 2596 discrete-time signals 1252 taxation 961 discretionary access control (DAC) 2621 double-loop learning 830 discriminant down-sampling 984 analysis 1633 drawing management system 1578 function algorithm 638 drill-down (roll-up) 2396 discussion board/group 1120 DRM 2561 disease DTD 2621 mapping 227 dual-mode institution 259 rates 380 Dublin core 1930 disintermediation 971, 2550 duplicate disjunctive datalog program 534 document detection 6 disparity map deneration 1354 document image retrieval (DDIR) 6 disposition to trust 130 duties 1124 disruptive innovations DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) 1366 dissemination 1383 dynamic distance complexity 1029 communication 3021 digital deliberation 1378 education 852, 901, 1188, 2670, 2783, 2801, feature extraction 2271 2864, 3006 group interaction (DGIn) model 122 learning 282, 690, 2670 HTML 3034 learning satellite transmissions 2759 model 329 distance learning/distance education personalization 2408 distributed topology 3094 artificial intelligence (DAI) 86 dynamics (of organization) 1897 constructionism 906 control system (DCS) 1248 E desktop training (DDT) 1792 EAI 349 expertise 2776 ECG 162 learning 690, 2448, 2783 ecological learning environment 259 fallacy 227 system 1741 metaphor 950 work 134 niche 950 distribution lists 471 economic evaluation 1548 distrust 1869 economical importance of SMEs 2522 divergent thinking techniques 1424 economic diversity/flexibility/tension 1424 order quantity (EOQ) 2413 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) 3073 power 1869 document economies capture 1578 of scale 518 database 576 of scope imaging 1578 ecosystem 950, 1470 management 555, 1578 eCRM 971, 2845 object model (DOM) EDMS enterprise document management ranking 3064 system 2825 type definition (DTD) 576 education process 1995 domain 3073 educational key/normal form (DK/NF) 1235 evaluation 2933 knowledge 891 organization structure 1995 restriction 749 software 879 dot tasks 2792 com 3077

10 Index of Key Terms

technology 311, 2764 experience 2000 EEG 162 framework 2000 effective use 1959 program 1000 effectiveness 28, 1490, 1507 program strategic plan 1000 efficiency 28, 1490, 2792 support and development team 1000 of around-the-clock development 1451 system 1000 electronic auction (e-auction) 92 sechnologies 2783 elastic applications 1554 electronic mail (e-mail) 1029, 1033 electronic brainstorming systems (EBS) 1539 management 1578 electronic business (e-business) 402, 1011, protocols 673 1905, 2813, 3104, 3121 electronic market (e-market) 92, 402, 1011, environment 2718 1725, 2306 model 3059 system 2506 system 933 electronic marketplace (e-marketplace) 1905 technology 1153 technology course 956 electronic catalog 2044 electronic electronic commerce (e-commerce) 282, 728, network of practice 1763 917, 965, 1011, 1016, 1044, 1256, 1273, newsgroup 471 1292, 1502, 2044, 2093,2527, 2808, 2886, partnership (e-partnership) 2813 2891, 2959, 3059 patient record 1308 benefits 2093 politics (e-politics) 1017 disadvantages 2093 prescription 1308 driving Forces 2093 procurement (e-procurement) 15, 1017 security Course 956 readiness (e-readiness) 1044 strategy 3059 reserves 2202 studies 41 services (e-services) 15 transaction (broad definition) 2710 shelf labels 545 electronic signature 1022 channel (e-channel) 2877 social contract (e-social contract) 2835 cluster (e-cluster) 1255 supply chain (e-supply chain) 2813 collaboration (e-collaboration) 944 technology 3083 collaboration (e-collaboration/collaborative tender system 2363 commerce) 1343 ticket (e-ticket) 1639 communication 1032, 3000 tutelage 790 communities 471 voting system 2363 course (e-course) 690 elementary fact type 1475 data interchange (EDI) 545, 965, 1044, 1256, elements 443 1862, 2292, 3121 elongated diffusion pattern 863 democracy (e-democracy) 282, 796, 994, embedded 1016 shape emergence 522 fulfillment (e-fulfillment) 1070 support devices 1137 governance (e-governance) 282, 796 emergence 2084 electronic government 15, 282, 796, 917, 1017, index 522 2363, 3041 relative to a model 522 integration stage 988 emergent interoperability 988 behavior 2463 electronic forms of educational method 1995 gradebooks 790 emotion 1056 grocery shopping 1292 blending 1056 hierarchies 1725 synthesis 1056 Japan strategies (e-Japan strategies) 2363 emotional statedecay 1056 journalism 1746 empirical evaluation 2933 electronic learning (e-learning) 582, 690, 965, employee lifecycle management (ELM) 2134 1005, 1347, 1706, 2671, 2783 emulation 2084, 2507

11 Index of Key Terms enablers 2626 entropy 1470 enabling technologies 2710 environment variables 3110 enactment 1038 environmental encapsulation 329, 1668, 2160 constraints 2829 encoding 1297 variables 2276 encryption 305, 2312 epidemic 380 end result of understanding 1787 epistemic agency 2776 end-user 879, 2829 epistemology 610, 1787 computing 1051, 2235, 2972 equivalence in construct operationalization 6 4 4 computing satisfaction 2676 ethernet 32 development 2235 ethical 2909 performance 2829 ethics 61, 1124 training 2829 ethnocentric content 1746 endemic 380 ethnography 906, 2381 English auction 2454 ethos conditions 1622 enterprise EUC application integration (EAI) 1087, 2134, net benefits 1051 2604 satisfaction 1051 applications 1741 success 1051 collaboration 1283 Euclidean distance 2664 deployment 1582 EULA 2312 dynamic integration 1897 European Computer Manufacturers Association dynamic reconfiguration 1897 (ECMA) 1857 information security policy (EISP) 1523 evaluation 1129 integration 1897, 1905 event 1413, 2881 knowledge management (EKM) 1094 (informal definition) 1496 model 2017 handler 684 enterprise resource planning (ERP) 115, 633, sharing paradigm 1413 1082, 1094, 1247, 1582, 1863, 2134, 2413 event-based systems 51 system 1082, 1107, 1401 evolutionary decision and selection stage 1849 algorithm 2220 community 778 computation 1758 configuration 1101 design 271 customization 1101 game theory 815 extension 1101 strategies 1758 implementation stage 1849 system 2943 lifecycle 115 exception rules 1148 modification 1101 executive patch-option 1101 information system (EIS) 753, 757, 765, 1242, stabilization stage 1849 1672 systems 1849 judgment 1154 systems´ life cycle 1849 expanded filter 2192 total cost of ownership (TOC) 1101 expectancy theory 252 utilization stage 1849 expectations 1133 enterprise expedited forwarding (EF) 390 resource planning II (ERP II) 209, 778, 2413 experimental design 2512 resource planning systems (ERP) 209, 1087 experiential learning 2502, 3006 software configuration 1107 expert entertainment 1611 reasoning 139 entity 2424 system 758, 1606, 1830, 2652 entity-relationship (ER) 1115 system/knowledge based system (ES/KBS) 7 6 5 diagrams 36 expert-based evaluation 2933 entity type 1475 explicit/codified knowledge 1528 entrepreneurial management style 1713 explicit

12 Index of Key Terms

goals 3000 tolerance 1196 knowledge 355, 413, 1390, 1792, 2115, 2480 feature vector 2271 team processes 3012 feature-based image retrieval 73 exploit 2317 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 199 exploration and exploitation 2631 federal exploratory factor analysis 627 depository library program (FDLP) 1022 export restrictions 1298 model 2869 export-oriented software 21 federated exposed node 3094 database system 744 extended information system (FIS) 36 enterprise 778 Web services 2561 ERP 1142 feedforward neural networks 2103 model of knowledge-flow dynamics 785 field dependence (FD) 1277 extensible markup language (XML) 36, 576, figuration 1277 1656, 1863, 2073, 2468, 2570, 2664 file server 2760 XML filtering machine 1061 document 2621 financial schema 2621, 3121 audit 1672 extensible representations of requirements 2943 future 474 extension mechanisms 1173 fingerprinting 2079 external FIR filter 984, 2193 environment 1153, 3012 firewall 1662 environmental structure 1995 first generation (1G) 391 extraction 2860 fit/alignment 1154 extran 589 fitness function 2220 extranet 1662 fixed extreme programming 2718 context of use 1617 extrinsic weighting 707 motivation 2035 flash rewards 2115 crowd problem 367 player 1857 F flexibility 97, 667, 1662, 3000 face and body animation (FBA) 126 flexible facial job shop 1200 action coding system (FACS) 1179 learning 2448 animation (FA) 1179 workplace 1074 animation parameters (FAP) 1179 flexography 408 deformation model 1814 floating catchment area method 1287 motion analysis 1814 floor control 1413 motion synthesis 1814 flow 1161 fact 216, 2396 or rate 2722 table 1332, 2396 focal awareness 2729 factor analysis 633 focus group 1677 failed projects 1937 force model 252 failure 2566 forensic systems engineering 1937 failure, error, fault 1196 form factor 1617 fairness 627 formal and justice 1124 learning system 2937 fat client/server architecture (C/S) mentoring 2120 fault methods 1204, 1559 (crash, timing, omission, commission, specification 1559 byzantine) 1196 formative evaluation 1129 detector, analyzer, notifier 1196 forward engineering 1217 forward-looking responsibility 1325

13 Index of Key Terms fourth-generation language 3110 geographical fractal geometry 2084 analysis model 2575 fragile watermarking 2079 dispersion 3000 fragmented value chain 67 geometric hashing 568 frame 2329 geoprocessing 1650 framework 329, 1273, 2160 georeferencing 1650, 2575 franchisee 722, 1225 geospatial life cycle 722, 1225 data 1283 franchising 1225 information systems (GISs) 1650 franchisor 722, 1225 problems 1650 franchisor/franchisee geovisualization 2575 learning process 722, 1225 gesture/activity recognition 1354 relationship management 722, 1225 GIF 2312 fraudulent financial reporting 139 GIS distance and adjacency function free (random) MA 2377 global free-riding 1763 civil society 419 frenzied and deadline-driven work pace 1853 culture 654 frequency delivery model 2179 domain 196 economy 654 response 2498 information society (GIS) 1502 selective filters 2193 infrastructure 2710 front office 1639 outsourcing 1802 front-end interoperability 988 outsourcing/insourcing 975 FTP 2072 positioning satellite (GPS) 1283, 1977 full REALLOCATE 1445 positioning system (GPS) 1277, 2575 function 329, 2160 schema 3121 functional semantics of referential actions 1430 dependencies 1235 software team 1451 information 1890 system for mobile communications (GSM) 3 9 1 functionally or culturally diverse 3000 village 134 fundamental analysis 167 globalized education 2386 fuzzy globalization 419, 1297, 3006 logic 139, 162 go-live 1401 set theory 1758 goodwill 2615 government-private sector partnership 2839 G GPS 2312 gait analysis 162 graph encoding 1315 game 2502 graphical user interface (GUI) 1143 building 1383 gratifications 2977 theory 1602 gravity models 1287 using 1384 greedy algorithm 2041 gaming and simulation 1384 grid computing 349 Gantt chart 2346 gross domestic product (GDP) 1230 general grounded theory 2381 purpose methodology 1273 group system theory 1572 decision support system 183, 758, 944 genetic dynamics 122 algorithm (GA) 172, 815, 1200, 1758, 2220 potency 820 programming 2099 process gains 1343 genome 3073 process loss 1343 geocoding 2583, 2984 structures 1343 geographic information system (GIS) 37, 380, support systems 252, 659, 765, 2740, 3017 744, 1277, 2575, 2583, 2985 groupware 122, 429, 944, 2752, 2966 application 252

14 Index of Key Terms

GSS 1343 horn clauses 2246 GUI sharing paradigm 1413 host-multicast 667 guided tour 1927, 2241 hot-chatting 1120 hotelling (neighborhood work center) 3017 H HSI Model 2109 Habitus 2729 HSV color space 1337 hacker 2235 hub 3117 half-band filters 984 hub company 402 halftone 408 human HAM 1029 body modeling 2701 handoff 1983 capital 1470 handheld technology 2072 resources (HR) 109 handover 3100 rights 1124 h-anim (humanoid animation) 126, 2701 human-computer interaction (HCI) 906, 1179 hard humanism 1677 case 1830 humor 1611 data 1911 hybrid knowledge 2995 course 259 skills 2544 e-retailer 2877 technologies 259 fiber coaxial cable modem 917 harmony 1321 filtering 2068 harvard case-based learning 372 MA HDM 1366, 2569 model of IPFS 1457 health 380 systems 162 information system 2683 transformer 2596 literacy 3041 hybridization 259 professional shortage area (HPSA) 1287 hyperlinks 3117 healthcare supply chain 1308 hypermedia 826, 835, 1927 heterogeneity 227 hyperspace 2241 heterogeneous network 32 hypertext 826 heuristic 1325, 1445, 1758, 2933 markup language (HTML) 349, 429, 1948, hidden 2241, 2442, 2664, 3083 Markov model 1185 transfer protocol (HTTP) 349, 1554, 3053 node 3094 hypervideo 1366 hierarchical Bayesian model 227 hypothetical hierarchy 216, 602 queries 1371 of learning 2329 reasoning 1371 high technology 1720 relations 1371 high-dimensional index structure 2664 updates 1371 higher education programmer 2386 I highest weighting 707 high-income countries 1230 i* 2140 high-pass digital filter 2498 ICT 291, 1462, 1733 histogram 1337 architecture 1733 historically underserved groups 1959 integration 2769 history of implementation success 109 planning in schools 2769 hit rate 3053 selection 1462 holistic nature of an IT/end-user relationship IDFFO Notation 386 2820 identifiers and metadata 922 homology 3073 identity theft 2276, 2312 horizontal idiographic 443 ASP 517 IETF 667 integration 1457 IFIR structure 2498

15 Index of Key Terms

IGMP 2041 certification 2609 IIQ 291 value chain 67 IIR filter 984, 2193 industry-university gap 297 illumination model 1691 industry-wide platform 1256 illusory shape emergence 522 inexperienced software team 1451 image 1277 inflection points 638 analysis 2109 infocracy 1457 feature 1360 infolink 1390 indexing 2145 informal mentoring 2128 processing (IP) 1179 informatics projects 2839 score 2079 information 463, 826, 890, 1470, 1597, 1787, imagesetter 408 2325, 2652, 2896 imagination 61 asymmetry 2909 i-mode 391, 1972 based integration 1572 impacted domain 102 broker 1589 impaired learners 879 channel 2609 implementation 329, 2160, 2683 closure 1572 quality 1713 design 1806 implicit economics 176 knowledge 413, 2115, 2480 economy 1512, 1802, 2764 team processes 3012 engineering 1572 import restrictions 1298 extraction 2661 impression building 801 filtering 2068 impulse response h(n) 2498 filtering agents 80 in degree 2491 heterogeneity 1650 incentive 1189 literacy 2683, 2802 incidental impacts 1886 processing theory (IPT) 582 include 329, 2160 quality 1051, 1133, 1418 inclusion 2213 reservoir 1470 dependency 1430 resource 1486 inclusiveness 1819 information and communication technologies incomplete contracts (flexibility) 595 (ICTs) 283, 1230, 1378, 2437, 2769, 2901 inconsistency 1430 indicators 1746 inconsistent database 534 information resource management (IRM) 5 1 2 incorporation by reference 2292 information resources 1481 incoterms 1298 development 1486 incremental growth framework 1445 information retrieval 2491 incubator programs 2839 agents 80 independence 1916 information independent variable 2676 sector 1802 indexing parser 1061 service 1486 indicator 1133 society 1512, 1802, 2835 indirect impact 176 source 2609 individual information system 10, 512, 1490, 1502, 1539, privacy 874 1572, 2017, 2235, 2972, 3110 variables 3110 blueprint 2734 individualism 659, 2886 outsourcing 2845 individualism/collectivism 1038 information systems individualized education program (IEP) 2213 2002 (IS 2002) 512 indoor global positioning system (Indoor GPS) architecture, IS-architecture 2017 1977 auditing (ISA) at the undergraduate and gradu- induction techniques 713 ate levels 512 industrial wave 1470 centric curriculum (ISCC 99) 512 industry

16 Index of Key Terms

development 1782 information technology/e-commerce adoption planning 2769 and use in SMEs 2522 project management 1677 information technology end-user relationship success (IS Success) 28, 1133 2820 information systems- information a hierarchy (IS-a hierarchy) 2246 theory 2155 architecture alignment (IS architecture align- visualization 2334 ment) 2017 wave 1470 architecture model (IS-architecture model) informationalization 1486 2017 informationbase 1517 architecture principle (IS-architecture prin- chapter 1517 ciple) 2017 entry 1517 architecture vision(IS-architecture vision) information-exchange/data-management 2017 systems 2741 information systems/information technology information-gathering strategies 2609 (IS/IT) benefits realisation methodologies information-literate knowledge worker 247 2367 informed consent 528 (IS/IT) evaluation 1548, 2367 infrastructure 145 (IS/IT) outsourcing 595, 2367 inheritance 329, 1668, 2160 information technology (IT) 109, 291, 512, 1033, inhibitors 2626 1321, 1502, 1512, 1539, 2235, 2631, 2835, initial model 2246 3001, 3084, 3110 innovation 852, 857, 1528, 2011 applications 324, 2869 diffusion 41, 2011 architecture 247 translation 41, 2011 competitive advantage (ITCA) 361 innovative culture 1418 curriculum proposal 512 innovativeness 1044 discipline 2167 innovator 2418 fit 361 inquiry-based learning (IBL) 2544 governance 2869 insourcing 595, 1304, 2253 governance comprehensiveness 2869 inspirational behavior 801 governance formalization 2869 instant messaging (IM) 1544 governance Integration 2870 instantiation 1668 hardware 1720 institutional dimensions 1548 implementation process 1713 instructional industry 1720, 2840 (educational) technology 1347 industry development 1720 conceptions 1137 industry success 1720 design 808, 852, 879, 1347, 1806 infrastructure 1706, 2869 models 808 investment intensity 1879 theory 808 outsourcing 517 strategy 808 outsourcing partnership 1304 instrumental act 10 portfolio 2870 insurance 172 professionals 2609 intangible skills 2609 assets 1168 software 1720 costs 116 strategic alliance 247 integrated strategy 1321 decision-making support systems 1242 transfer (ITT) 2850 ICT planning 2769 worker 1802 library system 276 information technology-enabled (IT-enabled) personal financial services (IPFS) 1457 2747 integration 2869 information technology-related risk (IT-related adapter 2604 risk) 209 hub 2604 integrative power 1869

17 Index of Key Terms integrity 2301 champion 1490 checking 2301 controls 139 constraint 534, 749, 1430, 2301 international online interaction (IOI) 1622 enforcement 2302 internationalization 3078 satisfaction 2302 Internet 429, 1017, 1022, 1230, 1539, 2202, violation 2302 2760 intellectual abuse 2281 alignment 110 addiction 1074, 1628 capital (IC) 413, 1161, 1168, 2637, 2896 browser Usages 863 capital management (ICM) 2637 credibility 1921 creation 156 data 1633 property (IP) 2814 disconnections 863 property rights 1833, 2179 economy 2657 stimulation 801 engineering task force (IETF) 673 intelligence 1572, 2652 filtering and monitoring software 2281 cycle 1463, 2695 privacy 324 infrastructure (CI infrastructure) 86, 1463 protocol security (IPSec) 673 knowledge public kiosk 1746 intelligent relay chat (IRC) 1544 (smart) querying 2184 security 1070 agent(s) 80, 86, 945, 1606 service providers (ISPs) 145, 2474 decision making support systems (i-DMSS) supply chain management course 956 765 technologies 2792 enterprise 1094, 2518 technology cluster 863 image data 73 time 2718 key 1874 usage policy (IUP) 2281 metabusiness 1597 Internet-based survey 324 organization 86 Internet protocol (IP) 1554, 2502 portal 1589 -based 3021 scale 545 -multicast 667 software agent 402 -style semantics 667 Web search 3064 interoperability 1650, 1656, 1747 intention to use 1051 enterprise architecture 989 interaction 1916 inter-organizational design 1806 communications 1033 management 971 information system (IOIS) 1863 management system 2320 interpolation 984, 1252 interactional approach 2830 filter 1252 interactive interpolator 2193 advertising 1611 interpreter 2569 Web site 324 interpretive interactivity 1611, 2198, 3006 evaluation 1548 inter-arrival research 2381 distribution 2264 interpretivism 1677 time 2264 interstate identification index (III) 199 intercultural 1622 interstream synchronization 1683 interdependence 507, 1853, 1916 intran 589 interexchange carriers (IXC) 638 Intranet 32, 1022, 1662 interface 271, 329, 2160 and portal course 956 design 1617 intrastream synchronization 1683 intergalactic client-server program 589 intrinsic intermedia synchronization 1683 data quality 1921 internal motivation 2035 rewards 2115

18 Index of Key Terms

invention 2011 discovery from texts 2798 IPMA 2352 discovery in databases 605 ISO 15504 2358 distance (KD) 979 ISO 9000-3 2358 domain 1733 ISO 9001:2001 2179 economy 1539, 2527 ISO9001 356 exchange protocols 413 isochronous 1683 flow 785 isoluminance contour 1691 forum 1534 issue-specific security policy (ISSP)policy 1523 -free image processing 2229 item gap 291 bias 644 hierarchy 785 equivalence 644 interchange format (KIF) 2184 itemset 1148 management (KM) 355, 413, 433, 1161, 1168, ITU-T 2140 2752, 2825, 2896, 2995, 785, 830, 945, 1396, 1539, 1582, 1644, 1751, 1770, 1777, 1782, J 2480, 2518, 2631, 2637 Java 1966, 2442, 3034 spectrum 2752 media framework (JMF) 450 architecture 413 virtual machine (JVM) 1668 directory 434 Java/RMI 349 infrastructure 1750 JavaScript 1948, 2442 life Cycle 785 JAWS 3047 system (KMS) 355, 434, 1644, 1782, 2115, job characteristics theory 820 2637, 2752 join dependency 1235 map 1644 joint outcomes 1995 ontology 1644 journalism 1746 processes 1733 junk Computing 2281 repository 2480 just-in-time sharing 1396, 1418, 1528, 2115 learning 2000 space 2287 training (JIT) 2259 taxonomy 1644 trail 2320 K Web 1792 work 2756 KAI (Kirton adaptioninnovation inventory) 2418 knowledge-based KBSE (knowledge-based dupport rnvironment) enterprises 1751 1792 organization 785 key 1235 personalization 2408 business process 3067 society 2533 framesselection 2990 systems 1242 logger, keystroke logger 2312 kriging 2583, 2590 keypad 183 k-systemic competencies 102 KL-ONE 2184 k-means clustering 438, 2099 L k-nearest neighbor 2491 knowledge 433, 463, 605, 826, 1470, 1597, LAN 32 1644, 1750, 1769, 1782, 2480, 2652, 2825, landed cost 1298 2896 latent human annotation (LHA) 2463 architecture 1751 late-stage breast cancer 2985 area (KA) 1267, 2352 Latin America 2533 assets (KAs) 1751, 2637 layer 4 switch 3053 base 971 layered biometric system 305 building 1534, 2776 LBS (location-based services) 1988 currency units (KCU) 1168 learn 463 discovery 1758, 1798, 2808 learnability 2933

19 Index of Key Terms learning 879, 1806, 2652 location-aware service 1617 and content management systems (LCMS) location-based services (LBS) 1977 690, 1005 location-dependant query 7 4 4 community/community of learners 2776 locus of control 1265 contents management system (LCMS) logging 2029 culture 2938 logical environment 1707 design 738 group 507 model 2121, 2424 infrastructure 809 reasoning 61 management system (LMS) 1005 logistic/logit regression 2099 metaphor 2938 logistics 713 networks 1792 long term 21 objects 690, 852, 1005 longitudinal case studies 3017 organizations 830, 2518, 2527 long-term orientation 659, 1039 portals 1819 look-ahead 771 style 679, 852, 2062, 2938 loop identifier 1161 task 2000 lossy encoding 156 technology standard 1005 lower approximation 4 3 8 theory 809 low-income countries 1230 tools 679 low-pass digital filter 2498 legacy systems 151, 210, 778, 1954, 2769 lurker 1120 legal lurking 1763 order 1833 personality 1833 M system 576 machine learning 605, 1806, 1826, 2491 legitimate peripheral participation 2995 system 1242 lesser developed countries (LDCs) 2850 techniques 1814 leverage 2626, 2722 macro-ecology of Information 1470 lexical indices 2661 magic lantern 2312 libraries 329, 2160 magnitude response 2498 license management 923 mail survey 324 licensure 2786 maintainability 2566 life cycle 2358 maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO) 1863 life-event/business-episode concept 989 major projects 2915 lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) management 2621 fraud 139 limited-perspective bias (LPB) 1853 information 2437 linear programmed instruction 2329 information system (MIS) 512, 758 link 444, 1763, 1927 style 1713 analysis 702 support systems (MSS), decision technology type 1927 systems (DTS), or integrated decision making link-rot 2202 support systems (I-DMSS) 765 links managerial investment flexibility 2402 literacy 874 managing by numbers 271 literal 2246 mandatory access control (MAC) 2621 literature review 1622 MANET (mobile ad hoc networks) 3094 load man-in-the-middle 391 balancing 2271 manufacturing shedding 1439 execution system 1247 local access transport area (LATA) 639 IT infrastructure 1725 locale 1298 resource planning (MRP II) 210, 2413 localization 2179, 2296, 3078 resources planning II 1247 localize 1298 map generalization 6 0 2 location identification 1977

20 Index of Key Terms

mapping method 494 framework 151 MARC 1930 store 869 market meta-governance 994 drivers for distance education 627 metaheuristic techniques 896 mediation costs 1725 meta-medium 2977 of resources 1897 metamodel 1173, 2927 performance measures 176 metamorphosis 403 segmentation 438 metasearch engine 3117 structure 1905 metaskills 2776 markov chain 2264 metateams 2915 MARS 1634 Metcalfs law 1168, 2864 masculinity 659 method 329, 684, 2160 masculinity/femininity 1039 bias 644 masking 156 methodology 2928 mass customization 1401 metric 1911, 2566 matching mechanisms 2507 metric Relation 2145 material requirements planning (MRP) 210, 2413 MFU 6 materialized view 2396 microarrays 728 mathematical representations 1534 microbusiness 2093 matlab demographic surveillance systems 2591 microcomputers MBone 450 ease of use 2035 MCMC 242 enjoyment 2035 M-CRM 1617 usefulness 2035 measure 929, 2396 micro-ecology of information 1470 measurement 1911, 2155 microsoft net meeting 2198 data streams 1439 micro-theories 2642 theory 2155 middleman 1639 media middleware 51, 1087, 1857 encryption 450 migratory knowledge 1039 richness 2198 mimetic adoption pattern 863 richness theory 122 minimization of energy expenditure mediation 1833 minute margin squeeze 639 mediator 37, 749 mix shifts 639 medical mixed mode learning 2448 data 1325 M/M/1 model 2264 data mining 1326 MMS 2474 medium access control (MAC) 2377 mobile protocol 2377 base station (MBS) 697 medium business data 702 business 1696 mobile commerce (m-commerce) 1972, 1988, term 21 2474, 2948, 3059, 3100 member distance (MD) 979 course 956 memory footprint 1741 mobile mentoring 1792 computing 697, 1983, 2948 merise approach 2424 database 697, 744 messaging electronic business (m-business) 3105 systems 2741 electronic commerce transaction 2711 meta refresh 684 host (MH) 1696 metaclass 329 information systems 2948 META tag 2241 location services (MLS) 1977 metabusiness 1597 networks 2296 metadata 73, 151, 216, 555, 576, 1583, 1930, support station 1983 2259 technique 1983 work 134

21 Index of Key Terms mode characteristics 2198 multilateral agreement on investment 419 model 271, 487, 2391, 2928 multi-layered feedforward network 2099 checking 1204 multilevel or shaping filter 2193 governance 796 model-based gesture Analysis 1185 multilevel model-driven secure transaction-processing system 2458 architecture (MDA) 1217, 1273 multilingual interfaces 2044 system development 1273 multilinguality 1948 model-eliciting problems 1534 multimedia 826, 1684, 1746 modeling language 2391 content adaptation 2057 model-oriented formal specification language database 2271 1210 document 2145 model-view-controller 8 3 5 Internetworking 450 moderated discussion 2386 mining 728 moderation of assessment 2386 system 2062 moderator 2023 telediagnostic environment (MMTE) 2050 moderators and mediators 1879 multimodal Interface 1617 modern parametric option pricing models 474 multinational corporation 644 modification 2213 multi-objective optimisation 896 modular system design 778 multiple modularity 1094 concept-level association rules 2099 module 471 regression 2099 MOEA 896 sourcing 1304 MOLAP 929 views 2334 mood modification 1628 multiple-access (MA) 2377 moratorium 961 multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) 396 motif 3073 multirate motion filter 984 capture 1814 system 1252 unit model 1814 multisite software team 1451 motivation to e-learn 2000 multistage filtering 984 moving object database 744 multistate anti-terrorism information exchange M P E G ( m otion picture expert group) 126, 2701 (MATRIX) 199 MPEG-2 2701 multithreading 1741 MPEG-4 1179, 2701 multivalued dependencies 1235 MPEG-4 AFX 2701 music MPEG-7 73, 2701 content analysis 196 MPS 2193 information retrieval 196 MUD (Multiuser Domains) 1544 mutation 2220 MUDs and MOOs 1120 multi-agent systems (MASs) 87, 583, 1826 N multicast 1554 naive Bayes 235 protocol 1196 named entities 2661 routing protocol 667 NARMAX 2287 transport protocol 667 narrative reasoning 61 multi-channel information systems 2948 narrowband speech signal 2596 multiculturality 1948 NASSCOM 21 multidimensional National Crime Information Center (NCIC) 199 aggregate data 216 National Information Infrastructure (NII) 1022 data model 1944 National Institute of Standards and Technology multi-dimensional databases 733, 2642 (NIST) 199 multi-dimensional modeling 733 national multi-hop 3094 IT policies 2850

22 Index of Key Terms

law enforcement telecommunications system nyquist theorem 488 (NLETS) 199 performance review (NPR) 1022 O native XML database 2621 object 2006, 2856 navigation 835, 1927, 2959 constraint language (OCL) 1173, 1217, 2140 need for cognition (NFC) 1277 type 329, 1475 negative wrapping 684 association rules 1148 object-oriented attitude 1713 analysis and design (OOA & OOD) 2928 item sets 1148 database 2149 negligence 1837 DFD (OO-DFD) 1115 negotiation 92 programming (OOP) 2928 mechanism 815 object-relational database 494, 2149 protocol 92 object-role modeling (RM) 1475 strategy 815 objectivism 539 neighborhood 910 obligation 2835 net present value (NPV) 2402 observability of innovation 857 netiquette 528 occlusion 1360 network 419, 796, 2093 ODMRP 2041 bandwidth 3100 OEM 2474 delay 57 OER pattern 10 effects or network externalities off-campus course 2671 infrastructure operators 2474 official organizational fata 1481 latency 3100 offshore outsourcing 1304 of practice 2995 older adults 3041 operating system 32 OMG 1173 sniffer 684 OMIS 830 traffic management 1439 on-campus network-based virtual community 456 course 2671 networked information systems 933 degree program 2671 neural network 162, 713, 1634, 2099, 2104 on-demand delivery services 2877 weights 2287 one-stop-shop e-government solutions 989 neuron 2099 one-to-one new public management (NPM) 796, 994 marketing 2550 next generation Internet (NGI) 2202 tutoring 2198 nexus 961 online NFR 2140 analytical processing (OLAP) 602, 733, 753, NIQ 291 929, 1332, 1944, 2642, 2808, 3067 nodal connections 172 communication regulation law 2363 node 172, 1927 community 2208 type 1927 course 809, 1806, 2671 NOE 2287 degree program 2671 noisy data 167, 728 education 2864 nomadic computing 444 group interaction 1039 non-embedded support devices (synonym: tools) learning 690, 2386 1137 learning activities 2449 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) 4 1 9 learning program 2938 non-parametric option pricing models 474 public access catalog (OPAC) 277 nonspatial accessibility 1287 sexual activity 1120 normal forms 1235 storefront 1011 normalized class algebra expression 2246 syndicate 2814 norms 507 transaction processing (OLTP) 733, 1944 NTP 1684 trust 2891 nugget discovery 896

23 Index of Key Terms onset detection 196 policies 1075 ontogeny 204 strategic vision 2647 ontology 583, 610, 749, 1650, 1656, 1905, organization-driven Web design 187 2184, 2220, 2468, 2661, 2856 original equipment manufacturer (OEM) 1070 creation (Editor) Tool 2184 OSI layer 4 2029 open OSI layer 7 2029 communication 3001 out degree 2491 ended learning environments 1137 outlier 1634 groups 667 outsourcing 2253 hypermedia 2242 contracts 1304 sociotechnical system 3012 cycle 2253 source 1407, 2223 out-tasking 2254 source developer 2223 over tuition fee 1000 source e-learning systems 1707 overfitting 424 system 3021 overlay function 2583 open-world assumption (OWA) 2408 OWL 2184, 2468 operant conditioning 2329 owner/manager 1696 operation 329, 2006 ownership 2909 operational data store 2325 P dynamics 1897 packages 329, 2160 goals 2647 packet 2264 semantics 1210 parasites 2313 operations integration 1082 paretto efficient agreement 815 opportunism 2747 part query 494 optical partial character recognition (OCR) 6 order 1332 music recognition (OMR) 2079, 2229 REALLOCATE 1445 optimum distance (OD) 979 participant Equality 3001 options 2402, 2631 participation 1916, 2870 opt-In 2313 participatory order aggregation 2877 design 310, 906 organisational management 1075 competency in project management 2601 particular time, particular place work 134 dynamics 1897 partnership working 1418 value chain 67 pass-band 2193 organization 204, 3021 passband ripple 2193 organizational pathological Internet use (PIU) 2281 agility 2747 patterns 329, 589, 835, 1273, 2160 and end user information systems (OEIS) pedagogic usability of an online learning system 513 2943 assimilation 2128 pedagogy 906, 1189 context 821, 1548 peer review on project progress 621 culture 265, 2259, 2518, 2896 peer-to-peer (P2P) technology 2072 encounter 2128 pen name signatures 2783 impact analysis 1886 people-process-system fit 2000 intelligence 87 perceived issues 1886 benefits 1044 learning 830, 1644, 2637 ease of use (PEOU) 1265, 2959 memory 830, 1644, 2480 relevance 1782 memory information systems 2480 service quality 463 memory system 1644 usefulness (PU) 1265, 2960 norm 2115 perceptions 1133, 1137 perceptual organization 2109

24 Index of Key Terms

performance portable assessment 1843 device 51 measurement 8 4 3 document format (PDF) 408 metrics 2149 portal 15, 429, 679, 1583, 1589, 2296, 2474 performative agents 80 port scanning 2313 per-hop behavior (PHB) 396 position rights 1124 person with a disability 3084 positive attitude 1713 personal positivism 1678 data 1833 positivist research 2381 information 2276 posterior probability 242 relationships 1798 post-implementation evaluation 28 trusted device (PTD) 305, 2711 post-industrial society 1802 Web usage in the workplace (PWU) 2281 postmodernism personalization 1589, 2296, 2408, 2550 postscript 408 personnel subsystem 3042 posture recognition 1354 persuasive communication 801 power 848 perturbation 2287 differentials 848 pervasive computing 690, 2948 distance 659, 1039 PGM 2041 law model 2264 phase response 2498 practitioner-informants 311 phased approach 1849 precision 1337, 2109, 3064 philosophy 610, 1124 predefined data type 2121 physical predicate logic 2302 costs 1725 prediction 910 dimension 2820 predictive modelling 702 model 2121 preprocessing 2860 physicalism 1787 presence practices 2756 pilot study 1407 presentation 1622 pivot domain 102 pretty good privacy (PGP) 673 planned impacts 1886 pretty-printing 2334 platform infrastructure services 2473 primary surveillance systems (PSS) 2689 play 1075 principle 2307 playout print disabilities 884 buffer 57 prior control mechanism 57 information 228 delay 57 probability 242 PM 2346 prioritization 396 PMBOK 2347 private PMI 2347 key 1966 point sector 1502 of contention 1622 space 528 to point 3100 privatization 2533 polarity 1161 probability 235 policies and procedures of e-learning program problem solving 1534 1000 problem-based learning 372, 2544 policing 396 procedural information 1890 policy 396, 1512, 1523 procedure 3021 network 994 process 297, 2320 polymorphism 1668, 2160 architecture 2555 polyphase decomposition 984 function of the management of online discus- poly-time algorithm 2287 sions 2023 pop-up gratification 2977 advertisements 2313 group (PG) 2352 window 1544 improvement 2555

25 Index of Key Terms

integration 1082 hierarchy 2468 orientation 1094 property-oriented formal specification language redesign 297 1210 re-engineering 1107 protein 3073 resource 572 protocol 92, 349, 938, 1554, 3059 process-awareness architecture 1554 process-based Role 2000 prototype 621 product prototyping 2683, 2718 curve 639 proxy cache 3053 evaluation 28 proxy server (or Web cache) 2442 lifecycle management (PLM) 2134, 2413 pseudonym 528 production workflow 869 psychoacoustic models 156 productivity 2752 public paradox 176, 1507, 1725, 2367 good 1763 professional individual certification law 2363 community 2307 key 1966 development 2307 key certificate 933 development unit (PDU) 2352 key cryptography 2372 distance (PD) 979 key infrastructure (PKI) 874, 933, 2292, 2454 professor interaction 627 printer 1023 profile database 911 sector 1502 program 1129 services 1418 execution 2334 space 528 testing use data files 874 theory 1129 publish subscribe 3100 tracing purchasing power parity (PPP) 1230 visualization 2334 purely virtual Media 1746 programmable logic controller (PLC) 1 2 4 8 pure-play ASP 145 programme evaluation 28 push technology 429, 2073 programmed branching 2329 put option 474 progressive inquiry 2776 project 1678, 2340 Q critical success factors 2601 qualitative Methods 2381 evaluation 28 quality 891, 1133, 2555, 2566 management 633, 2340, 2352, 2683 assurance of e-learning program 1000 management body of knowledge (PMBOK) evaluation 2140 2352, 2358 model 2140 management institute (PMI) 2340, 2352 of education 2386 management maturity model (PMMM) 2340, of service (QoS) 2264, 2271, 2377 2358 of work life 2281 management methodology 2340 query 563 management office 2340 by browsing 563 management professional (PMP) 2352 by example 568, 2990 manager 2601 by example/sketch/humming 2 2 7 1 performance 2601 by icon 563 sponsor by image 563 stakeholder 2601 by painting 563 success criteria/key performanceindicators by sketch 563 2601 by visual example 563 team 1678 language 563 proper project scope 621 model 73 property 2468 optimization 749 response time 697

26 Index of Key Terms

rewriting 2396 regulatory frameworks 2711 question driven 2642 Rehabilitation Act 2919 QuickTime VR 3035 re-identification 874 reimbursement 2787 R reinforcing (positive) feedback 2722 radio frequency identification (RFI) 545, 1283, relapse 1628 2313 relational RAISE database 1235, 1874, 2121 method 1559 database management system (RDBMS) 2167 specification language (RSL) 1559 database structure 1235 randomized algorithms 2287 practices 2756 rapid relationship or association 2424 application development (RAD) 2347, 2718 relative rate of adoption 852 advantage 2518, 2966 rating 911 advantage of innovation 857 rational risk 228 justification 801 time period 1517 unified process 344 relevance feedback 3064 rationality 3021 reliability 667, 2566 reach 1407 reliability, reparability, availability 1196 real relying party 2292 domains (particular or specific) 1173 remote options theory 2402 interaction 134 Real Time 2202, 2814 worker 265 realism 610 rendering 555, 1354 Real-Time repertory grid (RepGrid) 4 4 4 animation 1691 replicated database 2073 applications 1554 replication (passive, active, active with voting, system 1360 semi-active) 1196 reasoning engine 815 representation level 771 resource representational description framework (RDF) 2184, 2468 data quality 1921 description framework (RDF) Schema 2468 decision support system 2677 recall 1337, 3064 reputation 2538, 2886 reciprocity 130 effect 863 recognition technologies 1578 request for recommendation 911, 2068 information (RFI) 2347 recommender system 911, 2068, 2462 proposal (RFP) 2347 record linkage 874 required level of awareness 572 recovery and repair 1196 requirement 1559, 2566 recursive 1874 requirements reengineering 1401, 1954, 2657 baseline 1559 refactoring 1217 engineering 1559, 2140, 2943 reference model 2928 model 2391 referential traceability action 1430 request for comments (RFC) 667, 1930 integrity restriction 1430 research partnership 297 reflective software 52 reservation bandwidth 2264 regional reserve auction 2454 area 2093 resistance score (r-score) 2418 development 317 resource 151, 479, 1413, 1897, 1930 regression analysis 2099 management 396 regression-type neural network 2287 management initiative (RMI) 1672 poverty 1490

27 Index of Key Terms resource-dependency theory 2845 RTSP 1554 responsibility 2835 rule restructuring 1954, 2220 activation time 2881 result demonstrability 2966 evaluation 2881 retrieval 2271 execution 2881 stage 2990 list 424 retroduction propagation 2881 return on investment (ROI) 116, 778, 1143 scheduling 2881 reusable component 2430 set confluence 2881 reuse 2166 set consumption mode 2881 process 2430 set cycle policy 2881 reversal pattern 167 set net effect policy 2881 reverse signaling 2881 auction 2877 transition granularity 2881 engineering 1217, 1954 triggering 2881 rich learning environment 539 rule-based expert system 1830 rights Russells Theory of Types 221 and duties 1124 enforcement (or verification) 923 S insertion 923 sales/revenue 1490 rigorous process 2430 sales tax 961 risk 172, 1566, 2437, 2566, 2886, 2909 salience 1628 analysis 1566 salient object 2145 assessment 1566 sampling 1252, 1634 evaluation 1566 SAP 1082, 1554 management 2437 SAPpHiRe 1390 perception 2437 Sarbanes-Oxley Act 843 treatment 1566 satisfaction constructs for distance education RM-ODP 221 627 RMTP II 2041 scaffolding 901, 2776 RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) 3073 scalability 396, 1248 robust copyright marking 2079 scalar equivalence 644 robustness 667, 2287 scanner 545 analysis 771 scenarios 1129 ROLAP 929 scheduling 1200 role 572, 1475, 2320, 2734 schema 429 incompatibility 1853 screen playing 2502 name 1120, 1554 role-based access control (RBAC) 2621 reader 884 rolling window weighting 707 script 589, 2313 rotation matrix 2701 script kiddies 2313 rough SDP 1554 classification 438 SEAM 221 clustering 438 search set 438, 2099 engine 728, 3117 set theory 1758 extenders 869 roulette-wheel selection 2220 SEARCH Group, Inc 199 row type 494 seasonality 2104 RP 2041 SECI Model 2896 RPF 2041 secondary monitoring 2689 RRS Filter 2498 second generation (2G) 391 RSVP 1554 section 255 508, 884, 2819, 3047 RTP/RTCP 1554 secure RTS/CTS (request to send/clear to send) 3094

28 Index of Key Terms

electronic transaction (SET) 2454 service-learning 32 multipurpose Internet mail extensions (S/ service-level agreement 595, 2254 MIME) 674 sessionization 2860 socket layer (SSL) 2454 SET 1972 security 933 set-based analysis 1583 analysis 1566 sequential pattern 2485 lattice 2458 SGML 2242, 2664 mechanism 933 shape feature 568 policy 933 shaping 396 service 933 share of wallet 1457 segmentation evaluation 2109 shared segmented network (SN) 979 domain knowledge 110 SEI Model 513 goals 848 selective IS/IT outsourcing 595 learning 2870 selective list 2167 sharing of knowledge 3001 self-checkout systems 545 sharpening 2498 self-efficacy 501, 2830 shippers export declaration 1298 self-managed work teams (SMWTs) 2764 SHOE 2184 self-occlusion 1360 short self-organized critical state or emergence 92 message service (SMS) 391, 1988, 2474 self-regulation 1011 term 21 self-service 1589 shot boundary detection 2990 seller-driven value chain 67 shrinkwrap agreement 1837 sell-side forward auction 2877 signal aompression 2596 semantic signature gap (SG) 73 index 2485 integrity 2302 matching 2430 matching 2430 policy 2292 model 891 similarity 3073 query optimization 749 simple relationship in NL 2856 average weighting 707 technology 2184 environments 2689 Web 576, 749, 835 network management protocol (SNMP) 674 semantic-based image retrieval 73 simplification of integrity constraints 2302 semantics 2424, 1210 simulation 2084, 2502, 2512 semiotic hand gestures 1185 environment 2513 semiotics 73, 156 games 1075, 1384 semistructured information 2044 model 2513 sensitivity analysis 771 single instance 1401 sentences in NL 2856 sink 1161 separation 2160 SIP 1554 sequential zeroing of weights 2099 situated cognition 372 serializability 744, 1983 skeleton, muscle, and skin (SMS) 126 server 1662 skew correction 6 accelerator 3053 skill 463 session 2860 skin color estimation 1185 service SLA 518 learning 324 slice and dice 1583, 2396 level agreement (SLA) slope analysis 639 model 1554 small and medium sized enterprise (SME) 41, provider 1304 917, 965, 1863, 2522 provisioning, billing, and support 2474 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) 758, quality 1051, 1133 1011, 1107, 1143, 1696, 2173, 2527 recipient 1304 small

29 Index of Key Terms

business 1256, 1490, 1696 development kit (SDK) 1857 business Internet commerce 2522 engineering (SE) 513, 2555 perturbation hypothesis 2287 industry 2840 small-group-based virtual community 456 integration 1082 smart interoperability 2050 agent 583 metric 1944 organization 402 package 633 smoothing 228 process 2224 smooth-shading techniques 1691 quality assurance 2224 SMTP 1554 requirements specification 1539 SOAP (simple object access protocol) 1656 system development methodology 1273 social team 583 access 1959 source 1161, 2695 alignment 110 evaluation 2695 aspects of communication 2202 identification 2695 capital 1075, 1168, 2896 map 2695 complex resource combinations (SRCs) 479 sourcing decision 1308 complexity 479 SPAM 1029 constructions 539, 1039 sparse data cube 929 contract 2835 spatial dimension of an IT/end-user relationship accessibility 1287 2820 analysis 2583 environment 2591 autocorrelation 2583 exchange theory 2845 clusters 2583 identity 456 data model 2575 inclusion 1959 decision support system (SDSS) 765, 1277, interactions 848 2575 learning 1770, 2449 feature 568 navigation 2463 filter 2591 presence/information richness factor (SPIR) locality 367 1265 partition 602 responsibility 2533 regression 380, 2985 translucence 2463 risk 2591 welfare 80, 2208 scan statistic 2985 socially constructed reality 539 spatially referenced data 1277 socialization 2128, 3006 spatio-temporal relation 2145 sociology speaker of translations 2011 corner 1390 of uses 2938 verification 2596 socio-technical specific learning disability 2213 approach 2683 specification 1210 methods 1886 matching 2430 research 46, 2011 speech system 1029, 2035 act 10 soft enhancement 2596 data 1911 speed of delivery 667 knowledge 2995 sphere of concern 2711 skills 2544 spiral model 2718 systems methodology 28 spot sourcing 2507 technologies 259 spyware 2276, 2313 threshold 1337 stable state 1413 software staff agents 2050, 2550 augmentation 2179 contracts 2561 line 2079

30 Index of Key Terms

stages of growth models 2769 IT investment secisions 1879 stakeholder 28, 1490, 1566 justification 1401 stand-alone programs 2760 management 2631 standard 1650 outsourcing 2254 user interface 2960 plan 901 standardized mortality ratio (SMR) 228 planning 247 standards 901, 1523 relevance (of education) 2386 resources 843 star schema 1332, 1944 vision for information technology 2647 state 2006 vision for the IT function 2647 gap and trend analysis 639 strategy 1321, 1490, 1512, 1733, 2626, 2657, information 1890 3059, 3089 static formulation 1734 digital deliberation 1378 framework 3089 vs. dynamic integrity constraints 2302 map 843 static-oriented formal specification language stream 1684 1210 window 1439 statistical streaming video 2202 machine learning 235, 2099 strong vs. weak methods 204 methods 2661 strongly connected component (SCC) 1316 statistics 713 structural stave lines/stafflines 2229 coupling 204 steganography 305, 2079 design 361 stereo vision system 1360 determination 204 stereotype 1173 mining of texts 2661 stewardship 874 restriction 749 stickiness 2615, 2960 variables 361 model 2615 structuration 1343 stigmergy 2463 theory 122 ST-II 1554 structure 204, 771 stochastic in NL 2856 process 474 of academic-industry collaboration 1995 screening 408 structure-based retrieval 2664 stock 1161, 2723 structured and flow diagram 843 information 2044 stop-band 2193 query language (SQL) 494, 1115, 1874, 2121, stopband attenuation 2193 2302, 3117 storytelling 1937 system analysis (SSA) 1115 stovepipe 15 system design (SSD) 1115 straight-through processing 843 student-centered/active learning 2544 strategic 1033 subband coding (SBC) filter bank 1252 (supply chain) role 3089 subject 2458 alignment 1507, 2626 subjective norms 456 alignment model 361 subsidiary awareness 2729 architecture 479 subsumption 2247 choice 1154 subsystem 1496 connections 1418 success surrogate 2677 experimentation 2631 summary attribute 216 function of the management of online discus- summative evaluation 1129 sions 2023 super-imposed object 2229 goals 2647, 2769 supervisory control and data acquisition system grid 1507 (SCADA) 1248 information systems 361, 975 supplier relationship management (SRM) 2134 information technology 975 supply chain 403, 917, 1070

31 Index of Key Terms

coordination strategy 1726 analysis 2167 management (SCM) 1107, 1143, 2134, 3089 analysis and design course (SAD) 32 strategy 3089 archetype 2722 supply Web 1256 delay 2722 supply-chain management 1905 design 2167 supply-driven view of knowledge 355 development 2972 support 896, 1148 engineering 2555 for creativity 1424 failure 1886 vector machines 162 implementation 633 supporting integration (supply chain) role 3089 thinking 843, 2723 compliance monitoring assurance 2689 systems-specific security policy 1523 suprasystem 1496 surface Map 2591 T surfing 1544 T-1 Line 32 suspected non-compliance event (SNCE) 2689 tacit 2729 sustainable competitive advantage 2830 knowing, tacit integration 2729 SW-CMM 386 knowledge 355, 1390, 1528, 1792, 2115, switching 3001 2729 cost 2402, 2960 tactical goals 2647 SWOT analysis 1566 tailorable information system 2734 symbolic tailored-applications 2840 image 568 tailoring option 1101 score 2079 taka (Tk) 21 symmetric-key cryptography 2372 talkspurt 57 synchronous tangible costs 116 and asychronous communication 790, 2202 target of evaluation (TOE) 1566 communication channels 1798 Tarskis theory of truth 221 discussion 1916 task 572, 2326, 2538 group communication technologies 2783 design 821 mode 679 task-based practices 2756 synchrony 2864, 2891 tax holiday 21 synthesis 1916, 2084 taxonomy 1874 filter bank 1252 teacher-centered learning 2544 synthetic teacher-designer 1347 and natural hybrid coding (SNHC) 126 teaching machine 2329 benchmark 2149 team 122, 2741 system 1572, 2722 characteristics 821 (informal definition) 1496 diversity 265 decomposability 1954 effectiveness 265, 821 development life cycle 1849, 2718 opacity 3012 development methodology 2718 processes 821 dynamics 843, 933, 2722 productivity 3012 encapsulation 1954 technical migration 1954 analysis 167 quality 1051, 1133 data 167 usage 1051 indicators 167 systematic technical/functional evaluation 1548 sourcing 2507 technocratic view of knowledge 1782 variation of variables 2099 techno-economic rationality 1678 systemic understanding 1770 technolibertarianism 2835 systems technoliteracy 2764 acceptance 1782 technological accessibility/development 1782

32 Index of Key Terms

access 1959 domain 196 addictions 1628 of arrival (TOA) 1977 innovation 41, 46, 2011 series model 1634 subsystem 3612 time-to-market 1451 technology 1292, 2652 tolerance 1628 acceptance model (TAM) 1265, 2677, 2960 topological adoption 41 relation 2195 adoption hierarchy 1348 relationships 602 implementation 2307 tort 1837 infrastructure 1995 total integration 2307 cost of ownership 116 partnership 2901 information awareness 199 plan 901 IS/IT outsourcing 595 profile inventory (TPI) 1265 traceability 738 transfer 1292 track 2167 use 627 tracking 1360 value 627 traditional technology-mediated learning 6 9 0 familiarity 2909 teleclass 2213 management style 1713 telecommunication technologies 2787 systems development 2972 telecommunications 2533 teams/collocated teams 265 Telecommunications Act 2919 training telecommuting 265 case 424 (telework) 3017 set 1360 teledemocracy 796 trait anxiety 424, 1265 telemedicine (e-medicine) 2050, 2787 transaction cost telepointers 2050 economics (TCE) 2747 telepresence 2756 theory 2845 telework 134 transactional template 555 data streams 1439 matching 6 distance 2463 temporal model 1983 data 3067 transaction-processing system 1481 indexing 1062 transactions 744 locality 367 transcoding 2057 temporary 3001 transcultural organization 644 test set 424 transformation 2860 test-delivery system 1948 leaders 801 testing case 424 transition band 2193 text mining 2798 transitional countries 1706 by concepts 2798 transitive text segmentation 2661 and intransitive dimensions 610 texture feature 568 closure 1316 theory of transmultiplexer filter bank (TMUX) 1252 planned behavior (TPB) 1265 transparency 1830 reasoned action (TRA) 2677 transparent systems 1496 filtering 1062 thermodynamic emergence 5 2 2 proxy 3053 third retrieval 1062 generation (3G) 391, 1972 technology 2756 world countries 1706 transport control protocol (TCP) 1554, 2502 three-tier client/server 434 tree 1316 time trend 2104 activator 1517

33 Index of Key Terms trialability 2966 uniform of innovation 857 commercial code (UCC, or code) 1837 triangle pattern 167 resource locator (URL) 3117 trigger 2302, 2881 UNION query 1874 triune continuum 221 unit price/unit Cost model 639 paradigm 221 universal trojan horse 2313 description, discovery and integration (UDDI) trust 130, 305, 848, 1869, 2538, 2747, 2886, 1656, 2561 2896, 2901, 2915, 3001, 3021 design 885, 2919, 3084 and participative safety 1424 emotions 1185 center 2372 usability 3078 chain 305 resource locator (URL) 2485, 3035 in ability 130 serial bus (USB) 1366 in benevolence 130 universe of discourse 738 in integrity 130 unstructured information 2044 management 306 upper approximation 4 3 8 placement process 2915 up-sampling 984 relationship 1843 UPU 1298 trusted time 396 usability 187, 826, 1617, 1806, 2933, 2938, trustee 2538 2960, 3078 trustier 2538 engineering 3078 trust-inducing design 2891 evaluation 450 trustworthiness 306, 2909 of an IS 2943 trustworthy Web site 2891 requirements 2943 TTL (Time-to-Live) 667 use case 2953 tuning time 697 diagram 2953 tuple space 52 scenario 2953 turing test (TT) 1606 use tax 961 tween 1857 usefulness 501, 826 two-phase commit (2PC) 2458 user 2860 two-sided matching markets 80 acceptance 252 two-tie client/server 434 collaboration 2224 type of date interval 1517 interface 2960 modelling 2057 U profile 1590, 2068 ubiquitous computing 2538, 2948 resistance 2418 ubiquity 2296 session 2860 UDP 1554 systems development 2972 UMA 2057 user-centered uncertain attitude 1713 design (UCD) 187, 906, 1819 uncertainty 1033, 1853, 2437 Website engineering course 956 avoidance 659, 1039 user-defined type 2121 unconscionability 1837 user-developed application 2972 uncontrolled indexing 2561 user-developer 2972 under-representation 2729 user-friendliness 1662 underwriter (insurance underwriter) 172 user-as-editors (UaE) approach 2208 unicast 667 uses 2977 unified uses and gratifications 2977 content model 2044 utilitarianism 1124 model of IPFS 1457 utility 2938 modeling language (UML) 221, 494, 1115, UUID 2561 1217, 1273, 1475, 2140, 2391 UML profile 1273

34 Index of Key Terms

V reality modeling language (VRML) 126, 3035 school 3006 V Model 2718 shopping assistant 545 vague/fluid/permeable boundaries 3001 supply chain 1070 valence 1056 team 265, 507, 821, 1343, 1424, 1798, 2128, model 252 3012 validation 1830, 2513 team leader 1798 validity time 1684 teams 848, 2747, 2764, 2915 value 1189, 2792 teams/organizations 3017 activity 67 universities 1706 activity interaction (VAI) 67 university consortium (VUCEconomic Evalua- chain 67, 518, 975, 1507, 2657 tion) 2864 network 403 work 2756, 3017 variable virtuality 122 data 408 of organization 1898 groups 667 virtuality/virtualness 821 VAT 1298 virus 145, 674, 1566 vector space 3064 visibility 2966 vendor-originated ERP maintenance request vision 1843, 2647 1101 surveillance 1360 verification 1210, 2513 visual vertical ASP 517 aging 3041 vertical service provider (VSP) 145 modeling language viability 1734 reconstruction 1354 viable system model 1734 visualization 1691, 2334 video VO broker 1833 adapter 1366 voice conferencing 2073, 2802 markup language (VoxML) 3105 indexing 2990 over Internet protocol (VoIP) 2202 on-demand (VoD) 450 volatility 474 shot 2990 voluntariness 2966 streaming 1366 VRML 2701 videoconference recording on-demand (VCRoD) 450 W viewing position 1691 virtual 2864 W2000 1366, 2570 character 126 W3C 3047 classroom 2386 warranty 1837 coffee pot/virtual water cooler 265 waterfall model 2718 communities 456, 2073 watermark 2079 community 130, 324, 1308, 2208 reading 2079 corporation 3089 watermarking 923, 2079 e-hospital (or hospital without walls) 2050 wavelets 2229 enterprise 1898, 2909 Web enterprise/virtual corporation 4 0 3 access log 2485 identity 528 accessibility 3041, 3047 interaction 3021 accessibility initiative (WAI) 3047 learning environment 471 application 2570 library 2202, 2259 bug 2313 machine 1741 content accessibility guidelines (WCAG) 885, museum 3035 3047 organization 1833, 2814, 3027 content management 555 private network (VPN) 396 data mining course 956 reality (VR) 2701, 3035 information system 2718

35 Index of Key Terms

initiative 3059 work links 790 breakdown structure (WBS) 2347 log 3067 group 507 marketing 1611 work-conserving scheduling 396 personalization 3059 workflow 589, 938, 1602, 2320, 2825 portal 317, 1023, 2528 engine 1590 profiles 790 software 1578 repository 2334 working relationships 1798 server 2442, 2485 work-integrated learning 2545 server log 2442 workload model 2149 services 87, 145, 1656, 1857 World Trade Organization 4 1 9 services language description (WSLD) 1656 World Wide Web 826, 1017, 1023, 2202 usability 3041 worldwide interoperability for microwave access Web-based 836 (WiMax) 391 classroom 1792 wrapper 37 course 1701 WYSIWYG 156 course partnership 297 DSS 753 X education (WBE) 679, 790 X.509 and PKI 674 knowledge management 1777 X-machine 1204 knowledge management model 1777 XMI 2570 learning (WBL) 690 XSP 518 learning environment 679 misinformation 679 Z training (WBT) 906 Web-DMSS & knowledge management (KM)-DMSS zero-knowledge protocol 2372 765 zone of proximal development 809 Web-enhanced course 1701 learning (WEL) 2449 Web-GIS 37 Web-host 1407 Web-technology 1777 weights 2099 we-intention 456 Western culture 2850 what if? analysis 753 ahole query 494 wideband signal 2596 Wi-Fi 1972 wiki 507, 2208 wired equivalent privacy (WEP) 1972 wire-frame drawing 1691 wireless application 3100 application protocol (WAP) 391, 1972, 1988, 2073, 2570, 3105 communication 52, 2259, 2296 fidelity (Wi-Fi) 391 sensor network 2287 service providers 2474 wisdom 1470 withdrawal symptoms 1628 wood pulp 156