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Aerobic Exercise and Hemorheology ARC Journal of Research in Sports Medicine Volume 3, Issue 1, 2018, PP 29-32 www.arcjournals.org Aerobic Exercise and Hemorheology Bin Liu1, Yan Song2*, Junlong Sheng3 1Sports college, Jilin University, Changchun, China. 2Associate professor, Research direction: Sports and Health, Hainan Medical University, China. 3College of Sports Human Sciences, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China. *Corresponding Author: Yan Song, Associate professor, Research direction: Sports and Health, Hainan Medical University, China. Email: [email protected] Abstract: Hemorheology is an important factor of normal blood flow. Decreased physical function or diseases will cause abnormal hemorheology. Aerobic exercise can optimize the indicators of hemorheology, prevent complications, improve quality of life. This article reviewed the effects of aerobic exercise on the hemorheology in ill population and middle-aged and older population, aimed to analyze the relationship between aerobic exercise and hemorheology, and provided reference for investigation in this field. Keywords: Aerobic exercise, Hemorheology, Middle-aged and older population. 1. INTRODUCTION investigators consider hemorheology as a indicator of sub-health. Aerobic exercise is referred to the exercise of more than 40 min with sufficient oxygen, with Hemorheology includes whole blood viscosity the heart rate accounting for 60-80 % of the (BVH, BVL), erythrocyte aggregation (EA), maximum heart rate. Aerobic exercise can plasma specific viscosity (PV), red blood cell increase cardiopulmonary endurance and (RBC) and platelet electrophoresis time (s), oxygen uptake, and promote the generation of whole blood reduced viscosity (BVH, BVL), collateral circulation to recover damaged erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), organs. hematocrit (HCT), red blood cell deformability Usually, Tai Chi, swimming, gymnastics and (TK), fibrinogen (FIB) and red blood cell rehabilitation training are aerobic exercise. hardness (IK), BVH, BVL, PV, EA and TK are Anaerobic exercise is referred to the situation main indicators. BVH is predominantly that oxygen uptake cannot meet the demand of attributed to TK, higher BVH, weak TK and exercise, and the body is in hypoxia. RBC elasticity, abnormal vascular wall. BVL is In 1950s, Copley first presented dependent on EA, BVH and BVL. Plasma “hemorheology” as “the study in the viscosity is closely associated with plasma components in blood and the flow characteristic proteins, especially FIB. EA can reflect of blood”. Currently, hemorheology is referred erythrocyte aggregation objectively. to the study in blood circulation, component Abnormal hemorheology will cause impairment of flow and deformability. Blood circulation is blood circulation. Blood viscosity can influence indispensable for life. Blood transports nutrient blood circulation or blood perfusion volume to tissues and organs. Under fixed blood pressure and vascular volume, blood flow is directly. Increased blood viscosity and mainly regulated by hemorheology. Increased circulatory impairment as well as slow blood blood viscosity is associated with blood flow will decrease the blood flow in organs and circulation disorder, increased circulatory tissues, especially microcirculation perfusion, resistance and slow blood flow, and finally, cause insufficient blood and oxygen, leading to decreased blood input in tissues and organs, decreased tissue function and finally diseases, leading to metabolic disorder caused by such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, ischemia and hypoxia in tissues and organs. diabetes, peripheral vascular disease and Abnormal hemorheology is the basis of anxiety, although there are many predisposing thrombus, edema and inflammation, and usually factors, these disease are closely related to occurs in sub-health status. Therefore, most abnormal blood viscosity. ARC Journal of Research in Sports Medicine Page | 29 Aerobic Exercise and Hemorheology 2. EXERCISE AND HEMORHEOLOGY parameters and decrease the possibility of relapse of cerebral infarction. 2.1. The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on the Hemorheology of Patients 2.1.2. The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on the 2.1.1. The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on the Hemorheology of Patients with Diabetes Hemorheology of Patients with Cerebral Diabetes is a common disease and induced by Infarction deficiency of insulin due to islet B cell damage. The blood supply in patients with cerebral Generally, hemorheology will change, such as increased blood viscosity, increased ESR, HCT, infarction is obstructed, causing insufficient FIB and EA. These measurements will increase supply of blood and oxygen, which will result in regardless of body shape. Aerobic exercise can necrosis and damage to relevant neurological increase oxygen consumption, promote function. The morbidity accounts 3/4 of metabolism and affect the hemorheology of cerebrovascular diseases with a high mortality. diabetes patients. More than half recovered patients will have disability to some degree, particularly Lin Hua, et al measured the hemorheology of 74 hemiplegia. Clinical and experimental studies patients with type 2 diabetes, and found the showed abnormal hemorheology was a BVL and FIB was significantly decreased, and the TK was significantly increased in the predisposing cause of cerebral infarction. exercise group after 1.5 months of exercise . Zhen Jun, et al performed intervention of Zheng Xiajing measured the hemorheology of aerobic exercise (5 times/week, for 4 weeks) in 40 diabetes patients, and found that the BV and 80 patients with cerebral infarction, HCT in the exercise group after 6 weeks of measurement of hemorheology showed treadmill exercise were significantly lower than significantly improvement of BVH, BVL and those before therapy [1]. TK was significantly PV in each group . Li Dan, et al performed increased, and this was basically consistent with intervention of aerobic exercise (3 months) in 60 Lin Hua’s study. patients with cerebral infarction and found Aerobic exercise can accelerate the generation decreased BV and TK in all patients, of RBC, decrease the aging of RBC, increase meanwhile, they suggested that exercise could new RBC and TK. Simmonds, et al performed improve blood flow, decrease the risk of the intervention of medium-load treadmill recurrent cerebral infarction and improve quality exercise for 18 weeks in 18 patients with type 2 of life. diabetes, and the hemorheology showed that Zhou Huae, et al investigated the hemorheology aerobic exercise improved the concentration of of 80 patients with cerebral infarction and found FIB and plasma [2]. They also demonstrated that the peak velocity and mean blood flow that the hemorheology and health of elderly velocity were significantly improved in the 14- women with type 2 diabetes had been improved day exercise group. Rehabilitation exercise can after routine walking for 12 weeks [3]; EA was increase the blood circulation in patients with significantly decreased, indicating that exercise cerebral infarction and prevent lower limb had changed the intrinsic properties of RBC and decreased EA. thrombosis. Exercise can increase blood flow, accelerate blood flow velocity, increase vascular These studies provided scientific evidences for shear force, promote the production of NO and the development of exercise for elderly patients optimize vascular function. Long-time exercise with type 2 diabetes. With increasing risk of can effectively prevent arteriosclerosis. cardiovascular diseases, aerobic exercise can enhance anti-inflammation and prevent Aerobic exercise is important for the recovery of arteriosclerosis, this will affect the blood flow activities of patients with cerebral infarction and and hemorheology significantly. can significantly increase the hemorheology. 2.1.3. The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on the Aerobic exercise can decrease blood viscosity, Hemorheology of Patients with increase blood supply to the brain, promote Hypertension cerebral metabolism, prevent the risk of recurrent cerebral infarction and improve the The pathogenesis of hypertension is complex. prognosis. Rehabilitation training can not only Hypertension patients usually have dizziness, increase limb movement abilities to the most vomiting, fatigue and headache, and the blood extent, but also optimize hemorheology of hypertension patients will have some ARC Journal of Research in Sports Medicine Page | 30 Aerobic Exercise and Hemorheology concentration, viscosity, aggregation and finding could explain higher plasma viscosity coagulation, this will affect systemic blood and RBC aggregation in elderly subjects [8]. circulation, especially microcirculatory High blood viscosity will impact the disturbance. Therefore, the diagnosis and microcirculation and normal physiological treatment of hypertension is not only dependent functions, or even cause cardio-cerebrovascular on blood pressure control, but also protecting diseases, such as hypertension and cerebral the vascular endothelial function and decreasing thrombosis. Decreased blood viscosity is the incidence of complications in hypertension beneficial to the health of the elderly, can patients. increase blood flow, enhance metabolism, From the view of hemorheology, the change of decrease the aging of tissue cells, thus whole viscous shear stress and flow rate is the blood viscosity is an important indicator of fundamental cause of hypertension. The change blood viscosity. of BV can affect peripheral resistance and Dan Sun observe the hemorheology further blood pressure, while
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