DOCSLIB.ORG

Situation Analysis of Myanmar's Region and State Hluttaws

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Situation Analysis of Myanmar's Region and State Hluttaws 1 Authors This research product would not have been possible without Carl DeFaria the great interest and cooperation of Hluttaw and government representatives in Mon, Mandalay, Shan and Tanintharyi Philipp Annawitt Region and States. We would like express our heartfelt thanks to Daw Tin Ei, Speaker of the Mon State Hluttaw, U Aung Kyaw Research Team Leader Oo, Speaker of the Mandalay Region Hluttaw, U Sai Lone Seng, Aung Myo Min Speaker of the Shan State Hluttaw, and U Khin Maung Aye, Speaker of the Tanintharyi Region Hluttaw, who participated enthusiastically in this project and made themselves, their Researcher and Technical Advisor MPs and staff available for interviews, and who showed great Janelle San ownership throughout the many months of review and consultation on the findings and resulting recommendations. We also wish to thank Chief Ministers U Zaw Myint Maung, Technical Advisor Dr Aye Zan, U Linn Htut, and Dr. Le Le Maw for making Warren Cahill themselves and/or their ministers and cabinet members available for interviews, and their Secretaries of Government who facilitated travel authorizations and set up interviews Assistant Researcher with township officials. T Nang Seng Pang In particular, we would like to thank the eight constituency Research Team Members MPs interviewed for this research who took several days out of their busy schedule to organize and accompany our research Hlaing Yu Aung team on visits to often remote parts of their constituencies Min Lawe and organized the wonderful meetings with ward and village tract administrators, household heads and community Interpreters members that proved so insightful for this research and made our picture of the MP’s role in Region and State governance Dr. Mya Mya Thet complete. We wish to thank UNDP’s area office coordinators Dr. Tin Maung Maung Ohn Ni Ni Lwin, Cin Than Kham, Aung Linn and Zaw Min Naung for organizing meetings, arranging schedules and facilitating Peer Reviewers diligently our communication during the long months of review and consultations on findings and recommendations Doina Ghimici, Senior Technical Specialist, of this report. Finally we wish to thank a great research team, UNDP Asia and Pacic Regional Hub led by Aung Myo Min and advised by the fabulous Janelle Saffin and Warren Cahill, the team at UNDP and all individuals Thomas Gregory, Committee Specialist, who provided support prior, during and after the research and consultation processes. UNDP Myanmar This report was generously funded by the Australian Anki Dellnas, Chief Technical Advisor, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) Swedish Local Governance, UNDP Myanmar International Development Agency (Sida), and by the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID). Scott Ciment, Chief Technical Advisor, The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect Rule of Law, UNDP Myanmar those of the DFAT, Sida or DFID. Editor Jenny Rouse CONTENTS Executive Summary 6 Recommendations 8 Introduction 11 Part 1: Internal Functioning of Region and State Hluttaws 17 Role of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker 17 Functioning of the plenary 20 Functioning of committees 23 Role of the Hluttaw administration 25 Services to the Speaker, committees and plenary 28 Hluttaw budget and human resources 29 Part 2: Hluttaw–Government Cooperation 31 Cabinet functioning: Practice 31 The law-making process 33 Policy and legal drafting 33 Legislative review and role of the Legislative Committee 36 Implementation of legislation by the government 37 Budget approval and expenditure oversight 38 Formulation of the Region and State budget proposal and review by the Hluttaw 38 Government financial reporting and audit 40 Parliamentary oversight 42 Plenary oversight 42 Review of government pledges 42 Part 3: Representation Function of MPs and Work in their Townships 45 Constituency work 45 Understanding of constituency needs and priorities and constituency work practices 45 Participation in township-level governance 50 Participation in township management and township planning 50 Management of constituency development funds 52 Concluding Remarks 53 Annex: Interviews and Meetings Held 55 ACRONYMS CDF Constituency Development Fund DDG Deputy Director-General GAD General Administration Department ICT Information and Communications Technologies IPU Inter-Parliamentary Union MPU Myanmar Parliamentary Union TA Township Administrator ToR Terms of Reference UNDP United Nations Development Programme VTA Village Tract Administrator 6 Executive Summary The Situation Analysis of Myanmar’s Region and State leadership—the Speaker on substantive matters and the Hluttaws explores the functioning of Region and State Deputy Director General on administrative matters. Region Hluttaws in a comprehensive manner, documenting and State Governments lack a policy support apparatus—the processes and practices with regard to their internal GAD-supported Office of the Region or State Government functioning, their relationships with the Government performs administrative and coordination tasks, and the and the work of members of the Hluttaws (MPs) in their Union ministries’ departments in the regions and states are constituencies. Research conducted in Mandalay Region, not equipped to develop policy or draft quality legislation. Mon State, Tanintharyi Region and Shan State (and some The absence of policy at the Region and State levels is not information on Rakhine State) underpins the findings in this in keeping with increasing fiscal decentralization, has a report. variety of negative effects on governance, including the Hluttaws’ work, and needs to be addressed collaboratively. Myanmar’s Region and State Hluttaws are still very young democratic institutions, in their second parliamentary Legislating is an ad hoc process, and bills are often initiated by term. Their practices are evolving rapidly, and the legal and the Hluttaws in response to the policy vacuum. The Hluttaws procedural framework underpinning their work needs to have sought support from experienced lawyers acting follow suit—the Region and State Hluttaw Rules date from as advisors but increased involvement of implementing the early days of the first Hluttaws. The Rules overlap with government departments may be required to ensure laws the Law Relating to Region or State Hluttaw (“Region or are implemented. The bill review process in the Region and State Hluttaw Law”), which was passed by the first Union State Hluttaws can also be improved to ensure the improved Hluttaw to bind Region and State Hluttaws.1 This creates a and consistent quality of the resulting legislation. The lack legal limbo that is neither helpful nor in line with Myanmar’s of official gazettes in the regions and states means that the transition to democratic federalism. As the Region and State only place where approved laws are consistently available is Hluttaws review and update their rules, the Region or State the Hluttaw library, where they are kept in hard copy form. Hluttaw Law could be repealed. Partly in response to the lack of a Region or State government The Speakers have a very strong position as leaders of policy platform, Hluttaw MPs often submit their own their Hluttaws and make the most of the procedural and proposals with policy and budgetary implications which, scheduling decisions regarding the Hluttaws’ sessions and if approved by the plenary, become binding government their business. In many Hluttaws, good informal mechanisms pledges. Where the government is unable to implement for engaging MPs in decision-making on these matters them, relations between the Hluttaw and the government have evolved and require formalization. There is remarkable suffer. Government oversight occurs through MPs asking progress in how committees are studying concerns in detail questions of ministers in the plenary session and through the and involving external stakeholders. The next step will be Government Undertakings and Pledges Vetting Committee, for committees to systematize the process of inquiry and to which reviews the government’s implementation of pledges. focus on broader concerns and on public policy, to enable Helpfully, subject-matter committees are now beginning them to oversee the Region or State Government and help it to inquire into the performance of their line ministries. develop public policies. Region and State Hluttaws and Governments have developed The new Hluttaw administrations—the authority of which creative solutions to make a complicated budget process was transferred from the General Administration Department work. In many Hluttaws, the budget review starts with (GAD) to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Administration only in informal meetings between the Hluttaw’s Public Finance 2017—have seen a large turnover of staff, with new staff Committee and the Minister of Finance and his/her budget being recruited only recently. Nonetheless, these new department. In the budget review process, Public Finance administrations have been making progress in delivering Committees rely on information that MPs have regarding basic services to MPs. Increasingly, development of the infrastructure needs in their townships. Where budget Hluttaws is guided by strategic visions, with strategic proposals are not based on policy, they cannot effectively development plans in place in seven of the 14 Region and be reviewed by the Hluttaws, and the focus of the Hluttaws’ State Hluttaws. The Hluttaw administrations now need budget review necessarily revolves around parochial intensive capacity-building
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sa Voix Monthly Newsletter Vol (3), Issue-20
    Collected and Presented by Enlightened Myanmar Research Foundation (EMReF) Sa Voix Vol (3), Issue - 20 Monthly Newsletter Wednesday, 13rd January, 2021 Adopting a ‘people-centered approach’ to the prevention of violence against women December 10, 2020 The union minister, Dr. Win Myat Aye, stated that the government is implementing a people-centered activity to prevent violence against women. The union minister made this statement at the 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence online conference on November 25, 2020. Dr. Win Myat Aye said that working towards the development of women, who account for more than half of Myanmar’s population, and protecting them from violence, would have impacts on the overall development and violence prevention process of all citizens. He said that a law on the prevention of violence against women has been drafted to provide more legal protection for women who have experienced violence. Further, he stated that efforts would be made to enact the law as soon as possible after discussions in parliament. This year's theme for the 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence To Page 2 2 Vol.3, Issue - 20 News Photo : Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief, and Resettlement Myanmar Facebook is: “Response to violence against women; let’s collect data to have a separate fund." He reminded people to support funding for the prevention of violence against women in various sectors, and that essential services were needed for victims of gender-based violence. Dr. Win Myat Aye said the empowerment of women is becoming more important, as the Union Treaty provides for the inclusion of at least 30% of women in all sectors for gender equality, and he urged all organizations working with the government to do more to ensure equal development for all women, including ethnic women, in the border areas.
    [Show full text]
  • June Lawyer Kyi Myint and Poet Saw Wai Held a Press JANUARY Chronologyconference Regarding the Arrest Warrant2020 Against
    June Lawyer Kyi Myint and Poet Saw Wai held a press JANUARY CHRONOLOGYconference regarding the arrest warrant2020 against them. Summary of the Current Situation: 647 individuals are oppressed in Burma due to political activity: 73 political prisoners are serving sentences, 141 are awaiting trial inside prison, 433 are awaiting trial outside Accessed January © Myanmar Times prison. WEBSITE | TWITTER | FACEBOOK January 2020 1 ACRONYMS ABFSU All Burma Federation of Student Unions CAT Conservation Alliance Tanawthari CNPC China National Petroleum Corporation EAO Ethnic Armed Organization GEF Global Environment Facility ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IDP Internally Displaced Person KHRG Karen Human Rights Group KIA Kachin Independence Army KNU Karen National Union MFU Myanmar Farmers’ Union MNHRC Myanmar National Human Rights Commission MOGE Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise NLD National League for Democracy NNC Naga National Council PAPPL Peaceful Assembly and Peaceful Procession Law RCSS Restoration Council of Shan State RCSS/SSA Restoration Council of Shan State/Shan State Army – South SHRF Shan Human Rights Foundation TNLA Ta’ang National Liberation Army YUSU Yangon University Students’ Union January 2020 2 POLITICAL PRISONERS Note - Changes have been made to the layout and content of the Chronology. AAPP will no longer cover landmine cases and conflict between ethnic armed groups (EAGs) due to resources; detentions and torture by EAGs will still be covered. Additionally, AAPP will not cover individual protests by land rights, but will provide updates on the arrests of land rights activists. Political Prisoners ARRESTS Two RCSS members arrested in Namhsan On January 6, the military arrested two members of the Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS) who attended a public meeting at Nar Bwe Village in Namhsan Township in southern Shan State.
    [Show full text]
  • President U Htin Kyaw and First Lady Return from Japan
    STRENGTH OF THE NATION LIES WITHIN P-7 (NATIONAL) N ATIONAL BUSINEss NATIONAL NATIONAL Amyotha Hluttaw Speaker Antivenom to place China donates 813 jade lots sold at 2017 attends Pre Christmas on export market in USD 0.5m for Mid-Year Myanma Jade Celebration early 2018 peace process and Gems Emporium PAGE-3 PAGE-5 PAGE-3 PAGE-2 Vol. IV, No. 245, 1st Waxing of Pyatho 1379 ME www.globalnewlightofmyanmar.com Monday, 18 December 2017 Field survey for Maungtaw restoration PAWKI Taung Village, Mingyi Village, Myawaddy Village and Thit Tone Nar Kwasone Village in Rakhine State all held an event to promote restoration of their villages. Attending the Pawki Taung Village first were Dr. Ket Aung, Chief Minister of Kachin State, U Nyi Pu, Chief Minister of Rakhine State, ministers of respective states and donors. Attending the event at Mingyi village were Dr. My- int Naing, Chief Minister of Sagaing Region who greeted the villagers warmly. The new village will be established close to the Kamaung Seik-Taungpyo road and will contain 45 houses. Attending the event at Myawaddy Village were Dr. Lin Htut, Chief Minister of Shan President U Htin Kyaw and wife Daw Su Su Lwin being welcomed back at the Yangon International airport by officials. PHOTO: MNA State and Dr. Aung Moe Nyo, Chief Minister of Magway Re- gion. The villagers performed traditional songs for the offi- President U Htin Kyaw and cials and were given cash cer- tificates. The village will include First Lady return from Japan housing for Mro, Khami, Dainet and Chin ethnic people.
    [Show full text]
  • Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and Import Law Dekkhina and President U Win Myint Were and S: 25 of the District Detained
    Current No. Name Sex /Age Father's Name Position Date of Arrest Section of Law Plaintiff Address Remark Condition Superintendent Myanmar Military Seizes Power Kyi Lin of and Senior NLD leaders S: 8 of the Export Special Branch, including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and Import Law Dekkhina and President U Win Myint were and S: 25 of the District detained. The NLD’s chief Natural Disaster Administrator ministers and ministers in the Management law, (S: 8 and 67), states and regions were also 1 (Daw) Aung San Suu Kyi F General Aung San State Counsellor (Chairman of NLD) 1-Feb-21 Penal Code - Superintendent House Arrest Naypyitaw detained. 505(B), S: 67 of Myint Naing Arrested State Counselor Aung the (S: 25), U Soe San Suu Kyi has been charged in Telecommunicatio Soe Shwe (S: Rangoon on March 25 under ns Law, Official 505 –b), Section 3 of the Official Secrets Secret Act S:3 Superintendent Act. Aung Myo Lwin (S: 3) Myanmar Military Seizes Power S: 25 of the and Senior NLD leaders Natural Disaster including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi Superintendent Management law, and President U Win Myint were Myint Naing, Penal Code - detained. The NLD’s chief 2 (U) Win Myint M U Tun Kyin President (Vice Chairman-1 of NLD) 1-Feb-21 Dekkhina House Arrest Naypyitaw 505(B), S: 67 of ministers and ministers in the District the states and regions were also Administrator Telecommunicatio detained. ns Law Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD leaders including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and President U Win Myint were detained.
    [Show full text]
  • Total Detention, Charge and Fatality Lists
    ARRESTS No. Name Sex /Age Father's Name Position Date of Arrest Section of Law Plaintiff Current Condition Address Remark S: 8 of the Export and Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD Import Law and S: 25 leaders including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and of the Natural Superintendent Kyi President U Win Myint were detained. The NLD’s Disaster Management Lin of Special Branch, 1 (Daw) Aung San Suu Kyi F General Aung San State Counsellor (Chairman of NLD) 1-Feb-21 House Arrest Naypyitaw chief ministers and ministers in the states and law, Penal Code - Dekkhina District regions were also detained. 505(B), S: 67 of the Administrator Telecommunications Law Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD S: 25 of the Natural leaders including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and Disaster Management Superintendent President U Win Myint were detained. The NLD’s law, Penal Code - Myint Naing, 2 (U) Win Myint M U Tun Kyin President (Vice Chairman-1 of NLD) 1-Feb-21 House Arrest Naypyitaw chief ministers and ministers in the states and 505(B), S: 67 of the Dekkhina District regions were also detained. Telecommunications Administrator Law Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD leaders including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and President U Win Myint were detained. The NLD’s 3 (U) Henry Van Thio M Vice President 1-Feb-21 House Arrest Naypyitaw chief ministers and ministers in the states and regions were also detained. Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD leaders including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and Speaker of the Union Assembly, the President U Win Myint were detained.
    [Show full text]
  • The Union Report the Union Report : Census Report Volume 2 Census Report Volume 2
    THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census The Union Report The Union Report : Census Report Volume 2 Volume Report : Census The Union Report Census Report Volume 2 Department of Population Ministry of Immigration and Population May 2015 The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census The Union Report Census Report Volume 2 For more information contact: Department of Population Ministry of Immigration and Population Office No. 48 Nay Pyi Taw Tel: +95 67 431 062 www.dop.gov.mm May, 2015 Figure 1: Map of Myanmar by State, Region and District Census Report Volume 2 (Union) i Foreword The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census (2014 MPHC) was conducted from 29th March to 10th April 2014 on a de facto basis. The successful planning and implementation of the census activities, followed by the timely release of the provisional results in August 2014 and now the main results in May 2015, is a clear testimony of the Government’s resolve to publish all information collected from respondents in accordance with the Population and Housing Census Law No. 19 of 2013. It is my hope that the main census results will be interpreted correctly and will effectively inform the planning and decision-making processes in our quest for national development. The census structures put in place, including the Central Census Commission, Census Committees and Offices at all administrative levels and the International Technical Advisory Board (ITAB), a group of 15 experts from different countries and institutions involved in censuses and statistics internationally, provided the requisite administrative and technical inputs for the implementation of the census.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Discovery of the Proterozoic Metasediments in the Shwepahto
    Dagon University Research Journal 2020, Vol. 11 247 Recent Discovery of the Proterozoic Metasediments in the Shwepahto Area, Pindaya Township, Southern Shan State, Myanmar Mi Paik1, Kyi Kyi Maw2, Aye Ko Aung3, Yu War Chaw4, Aung Zaw Set5 1 [email protected] Abstract The Shwepahto area is located at the southeastern part of the Pindaya range, Pindaya Township, Southern Shan State. The present study mainly deals with the lithology and petrography of the Chaung Magyi Group and also discusses on their paleotectonic environment. This is first to report the occurrence of the Chaung Magyi metasediments in eastern part of the Pindaya range. It is well exposed along the road between Panzit and Kyangyinbyaung villages. On the lithology basis, it can be correlated with the Chaung Magyi Group of the other areas such as northeastern part of Mandalay- north of Sedawgyi, Yeywa, the area between Myogyi-Sakangyi, on the Hanmyinmo-Ywangan road, Yechanpyin, and western part of Hsinmango hill in Ywangan Township. In the present area, the Chaung Magyi Group consists of slate (pyritiferous), sandy phyllite, talc-chlorite phyllite, metadolomite and slightly metamorphosed greywacke. Under the microscope, the two units, slate and sandy phyllite show fairly deformed characters. The Chaung Magyi rocks, being very old, must have undergone more than one major episode of deformation. These rocks have been subjected to mainly low grade metamorphism (greenschist facies) as indicated by the development of mostly slates and phyllites. The rocks in the area are running nearly N-S in direction and giving southwest dipping. The quartzofeldspathic veins occur frequently. The unit co-occurs with the volcanic ash, which is presumably the same age of the Chaung Magyi Group.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Arrests List
    ƒ ARRESTS No. Name Sex Position Date of Arrest Section of Law Plaintiff Current Condition Address Remark Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD S: 8 of the Export and Superintendent Kyi 1 (Daw) Aung San Suu Kyi F State Counsellor (Chairman of NLD) 1-Feb-21 House Arrest Nay Pyi Taw leaders including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and Import Law Lin of Special Branch President U Win Myint were detained. The NLD’s S: 25 of the Natural Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD Superintendent Myint 2 (U) Win Myint M President (Vice Chairman-1 of NLD) 1-Feb-21 Disaster Management House Arrest Nay Pyi Taw leaders including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and Naing law President U Win Myint were detained. The NLD’s Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD 3 (U) Henry Van Thio M Vice President 1-Feb-21 House Arrest Nay Pyi Taw leaders including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and President U Win Myint were detained. The NLD’s Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw, the Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD 4 (U) Mann Win Khaing Than M upper house of the Myanmar 1-Feb-21 House Arrest Nay Pyi Taw leaders including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and parliament President U Win Myint were detained. The NLD’s Speaker of the Union Assembly, the Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD 5 (U) T Khun Myat M Joint House and Pyithu Hluttaw, the 1-Feb-21 House Arrest Nay Pyi Taw leaders including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and lower house of the Myanmar President U Win Myint were detained.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnic Politics and the 2015 Elections in Myanmar
    MYANMAR POLICY BRIEFING | 16 | September 2015 Ethnic Politics and the 2015 Elections in Myanmar RECOMMENDATIONS • The 2015 general election presents an important opportunity to give political voice to Myanmar’s diverse ethnic nationality communities and empower them to pursue their aspirations, provided that it is genuinely free and fair. • If successfully held, the general election is likely to mark another key step in the process of national transition from decades of military rule. However the achievement of nationwide peace and further constitutional reform are still needed to guarantee the democratic rights, representation and participation of all peoples in determining the country’s future. • Although nationality parties are likely to win many seats in the polls, the impact of identity politics and vote-splitting along ethnic and party lines may see electoral success falling short of expectations. This can be addressed through political cooperation and reform. It is essential for peace and stability that the democratic process offers real hope to nationality communities that they can have greater control over their destiny. • Inequitable distribution of political and economic rights has long driven mistrust and conflict in Myanmar. The 2015 general election must mark a new era of political inclusion, not division, in national politics. After the elections, it is vital that an inclusive political dialogue moves forward at the national level to unite parliamentary processes and ethnic ceasefire talks as a political roadmap for all citizens. ideas into movement Introduction Myanmar/Burma1 is heading to the polls in November 2015, in what will be a closely watched election. Provided that they are free and fair, the polls are likely to have a major influence over the future political direction of the country, with an expected shift in power from the old elite to the opposition National League for Democracy (NLD).
    [Show full text]
  • List of Contents
    List of Contents A. Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Pyithu Hlluttaw Election Results 2015, with historical Comparison Amyotha Hluttaw Election Results 2015, with historical Comparison Pyithu Hlluttaw Election Results 2015, with MP Information Amyotha Hluttaw Election Results 2015, with MP Information Political Party Representation in the Pyithu Hluttaw (December 2014) Pyithu Hluttaw Election Results 2015 Political Party Representation in the Amyotha Hluttaw (December 2014) Amyotha Hluttaw Election Results 2015 Pyithu Hluttaw Constituency Boundaries, 2015 Elections Amyotha Hluttaw Constituency Boundaries, 2015 Elections Eligible Voters per Pyithu Hluttaw Constituency, 2015 Elections Eligible Voters per Amyotha Hluttaw Constituency, 2015 Elections Candidates per Pyithu Hluttaw Constituency, 2015 Elections Candidates per Amyotha Hluttaw Constituency, 2015 Elections Turnout in the 2015 Elections Invalid Votes in the 2015 Elections Advance Votes in the 2015 Elections Transferred Votes in the 2015 Elections Areas where elections did not take place in 2010 / 2012 Election Cancellations 2010 – 2015 Sequence of 2015 Election Cancellations 2015 Election Cancellations & Vacant Seats B. State and Region Hluttaws State and Region Hluttaw Election Results 2015 (on Union level) State and Region Hluttaw Election Results 2015, with MP Information Political Party Representation Before Elections 2015, Ayeyarwady Region Hluttaw Election Results 2015, Ayeyarwady Region Hluttaw Political Party Representation Before Elections 2015, Bago Region Hluttaw Election Results 2015,
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Arrests List
    ARRESTS No. Name Sex Position Date of Arrest Section of Law Plaintiff Current Condition Address Remark Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD S: 8 of the Export and Superintendent Kyi 1 (Daw) Aung San Suu Kyi F State Counsellor (Chairman of NLD) 1-Feb-21 House Arrest Nay Pyi Taw leaders including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and Import Law Lin of Special Branch President U Win Myint were detained. The NLD’s S: 25 of the Natural Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD Superintendent Myint 2 (U) Win Myint M President (Vice Chairman-1 of NLD) 1-Feb-21 Disaster Management House Arrest Nay Pyi Taw leaders including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and Naing law President U Win Myint were detained. The NLD’s Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD 3 (U) Henry Van Thio M Vice President 1-Feb-21 House Arrest Nay Pyi Taw leaders including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and President U Win Myint were detained. The NLD’s Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw, the Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD 4 (U) Mann Win Khaing Than M upper house of the Myanmar 1-Feb-21 House Arrest Nay Pyi Taw leaders including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and parliament President U Win Myint were detained. The NLD’s Speaker of the Union Assembly, the Myanmar Military Seizes Power and Senior NLD 5 (U) T Khun Myat M Joint House and Pyithu Hluttaw, the 1-Feb-21 House Arrest Nay Pyi Taw leaders including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and lower house of the Myanmar President U Win Myint were detained.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Shan State and Strategic Options to Address Them
    Final Report Analysis of Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Shan State and Strategic Options to Address them FOREST MONREC M i n n is o t ti ry va of ser Natu l Con ral Re enta sourc ironm es nv & E 2 Final Report Analysis of Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Shan State and Strategic Options to Address them Authors Aung Aung Myint, National Consultant on analysis of drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Shan State, ICIMOD-GIZ REDD+ project [email protected]: +95 9420705116. December 2018 i Copyright © 2018 International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial, No Derivatives 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Published by International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) GP Box 3226, Kathmandu, Nepal Production team Bill Wolfe (Consultant editor) Rachana Chettri (Editor) Dharma R Maharjan (Graphic designer) Asha Kaji Thaku (Editorial assistance) Cover photo: On the way from MongPyin to KyaingTong, eastern Shan State. Most of the photos used in the report were taken by the consultant on the eld survey of the Illicit Crop Monitoring in Myanmar-Opium Survey (ICMP) project (TD/MYA/G43 & TD/MYA/G44) under UNODC in 2014 and 2015. Reproduction This publication may be produced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-prot purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. ICIMOD would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source.
    [Show full text]