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Quick-Witted Women Quick-witted Women Literary studies of female characters in the Latin post-Nicene passions of the martyrs Annelies Bossu Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de letterkunde Promotor: Prof. dr. Danny Praet || Copromotor Prof. dr. Koen De Temmerman voor mijn ouders Promotor Prof. dr. Danny Praet Vakgroep Wijsbegeerte en Moraalwetenschap Copromotor Prof. dr. Koen De Temmerman Vakgroep Letterkunde Decaan Prof. dr. Marc Boone Rector Prof. dr. Anne De Paepe Nederlandse vertaling: Pientere vrouwen. Literaire studies van vrouwelijke personages in de Latijnse post-Niceense passiones van de martelaren Cover: mosaic 'corteo delle vergini', Sant'Appolinare Nuovo, Ravenna Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Annelies Bossu Quick-witted Women Literary studies of female characters in the Latin post-Nicene passions of the martyrs Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de letterkunde 2014 Acknowledgements I would like to express my thanks to the many people who contributed to the completion of this dissertation. I am grateful to my supervisor, Prof. Danny Praet, and my co-supervisor, Prof. Koen De Temmerman, who gave me the opportunity to conduct this research and closely supervised its different stages. Their critical and expert comments and generous advice guided me past obstacles, encouraged me to rethink or reformulate my theses and improved my work in many ways. I would also like to thank them as co-authors of respectively three and two of the articles which are included in this dissertation. I am grateful to the members of my doctoral guidance committee, prof. Marc De Groote and prof. John Morgan, as well as to prof. Kristoffel Demoen, for their interest in my work and for valuable advice and encouragement. I would like to thank prof. Walter Geerts and prof. Wouter Bracke, the directors of the Academia Belgica, and the Academia’s staff members, for hospitality and support during my research stay in Rome. I am grateful to my contemporaries at the Academia for many pleasant discussions and helpful suggestions and remarks. I would like to thank Gitte Callaert for the design of the cover of this dissertation, and for her help with the final lay-out. I could not have completed this dissertation without the support of my colleagues, family and friends. I would like to thank my colleagues Aagje, Annelies, Dimitrios, Eline, Maria, Matthias, Rachele, Steff, Thierry and Tine for the cordial atmosphere which made working on this dissertation so much more enjoyable. A special word of thanks goes to Berenice, for practical support and warm encouragement during this last busy weeks. To none of my colleagues I am more indebted than to Maarten, with whom I shared the martyrs and the ups and downs of my research. I offer him my profound thanks for the many convivial discussions, his insightful comments and suggestions and the unfailing encouragement. I thank my friends, new and old, for welcome distraction and for support. A special word of thanks goes to Astrid, Eline, Lise and Veerle. And last but by no means least, I would like to thank my family: my grandparents, my cousin Emma, and my aunt Isabelle, who kindly corrected the English of one of the articles of this dissertation. I am grateful to my sister, Julie, for many reasons and not in the least for putting things in perspective, and to Bruno, for his invaluable support and v understanding and for helping me finish this dissertation by talking about other things. The last profound word of thanks goes to my parents, Chris and Carine, who have helped, supported and encouraged me in so many ways that I lost count. It is to them that I affectionately dedicate this dissertation. vi List of Abbreviations ASS = Bollandisti (eds.) 1643 ss. Acta Sanctorum (Antverpiae - Tongerlo – Bruxellis – Parisiis) BHG = Halkin, F. (ed.) 19573. Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca, with a supplement by F. Halkin 1984 (Bruxelles) BHL = Socii Bollandiani (eds.) 19492. Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina antiquae et mediae aetatis, with a supplement by H. Fros 1986 (Bruxelles) CPL = Dekkers, E., Gaar, A. (eds.) 19953. Clavis Patrum Latinorum (Turnhout) GF = Gryson, R., Frede, H. (eds.) 2007. Répertoire général des auteurs ecclésiastiques latins de l'Antiquité et du Haut Moyen Âge (Freiburg) Mombritius = Monachi Solesmenses (eds.) 19102. Mombritius, B. Sanctuarium seu vitae sanctorum (1480) (Paris) (reprinted Hildesheim, Olms, 1978) ODE = Stevenson, A. (ed.) 2010. The Oxford Dictionary of English (Oxford) OLD = Glare, P.G.W. (ed.) 1968. The Oxford Latin Dictionary (Oxford) vii Table of Contents Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The corpus ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Previous research on the post-Nicene passions from a literary point of view ................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Research questions, further delimitation of the corpus and methodologies ........ 5 1.4 Structure of the disseration .......................................................................................... 8 Chapter 1 The post-Nicene passions and the fictional traditions of antiquity: interconnections ........................................................................................... 11 1.1 The starting point: Hippolyte Delehaye and the epic passions ............................. 13 1.2 The post-Nicene passions and the dramatic tradition ............................................ 15 1.3 The post-Nicene passions and the novelistic tradition .......................................... 17 1.3.1 Starting from the novels ................................................................................. 17 1.3.2 Starting from the passions .............................................................................. 23 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 25 Bibliographical information on the articles in the following chapters ............................. 31 Chapter 2 Steadfast and shrewd heroines: the defence of chastity in the Latin post-Nicene passions and the Greek novels ............................................... 33 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 33 2.1 The defence of chastity in the Latin post-Nicene passions and the Greek novels .............................................................................................................................. 37 2.2 Avoiding marriage in the Latin post-Nicene passions and the Greek novel ....... 41 2.2.1 Willingness to suffer for the beloved ............................................................ 41 2.2.2 The employment of ruse ................................................................................. 46 2.3 Defending chastity in the event of rape in the Latin post-Nicene passions and the Greek novel ..................................................................................................... 51 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 55 Chapter 3 The saint as an astute heroine: rhetoric and characterization in the passio Caeciliae ................................................................................................ 63 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 63 3.1 Previous research and new approach ........................................................................ 64 ix Quick-witted Women 3.2 Caecilia: an astute hagiographical heroine ............................................................... 67 3.3 Caecilia and Valerianus: unequal partners in proselytism .................................... 71 3.4 Caecilia: a teacher of rhetoric? ................................................................................... 75 3.5 Caecilia: a successful orator ........................................................................................ 76 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 78 Chapter 4 Erotic persuasion and characterization in late antique hagiography: the passio Caeciliae and passio Susannae ........................................................ 81 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 81 4.1 Previous Research on the Passio Caeciliae and Passio Susannae ............................... 82 4.2 Rhetorical Manipulation and Characterization in the Passio Caeciliae .................. 87 4.3 The Christian Kiss and Conversion in the Passio Susannae ...................................... 90 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 94 Chapter 5 A marriage of equals? Characterization in the passio Chrysanthi et Dariae ............................................................................................................. 97 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................
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