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Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W . N. DOAK, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS CHARLES E. BALDWIN, Acting Commissioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES! C79 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS/ # # * ’ H O. OIL WHOLESALE PRICES SERIES WHOLESALE PRICES 1 9 3 1 JANUARY, 1933 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1933 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. - - - - Price 10 cents Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Contents Page Movement of wholesale prices in 1931______________________________ 1 Index numbers of specified groups of commodities, January, 1926, to December, 1931---------- ------------------------------------------------------------- 11 Trend of wholesale prices, 1801 to 1931-------------------------------------------- 13 Purchasing power of the dollar, 1913 to 1931________________________ 14 Average wholesale prices of commodities, 1931_______________________ 16 Wholesale prices of commodities, 1926 to 1930_______________________ 84 Quantities used as weighting factors and estimated values in exchange__ 92 A p p e n d i x .—Wholesale prices, 1720 to 1899, inclusive, by G. F. Warren and F. A. Pearson_____________________________________ _____ 111 III Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis BULLETIN OF THE U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS NO. 572 WASHINGTON January, 1933 WHOLESALE PRICES IN 1931 Detailed information on wholesale prices in the United States for the year 1931, and a summary of the principal data for earlier years, are given in this bulletin. Persons desiring the detailed information prior to 1931 are referred to previous bulletins of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.1 Explanation of the method used in procuring the price data for inclusion in the bureau’s reports, and also the method followed in computing the index numbers for the various groups of commodities, will be found in Bulletin No. 493 (pp. 2 -6 ). In 1931 the index number of wholesale commodity prices, as compiled and issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, was expanded and revised to include 784 price series, instead of 550. The revision was extended back to and including January, 1926. The added price series were almost entirely for fully manufactured articles. The 10 maJor groups— farm products, foods, etc.— were retained, but a rearrangement of commodities within these groups was made in several instances as well as the addition of several subgroups. The former base period— the average price for the year 1926— was retained. In compiling the index numbers the individual items were weighted according to the importance of each article in the country’s markets. The weighting factors for 1930 and 1931 were based on the census of manufactures data as compiled by the Bureau of the Census for the years 1925 and 1927, and, in cases where the census of manufactures data, were not available, other official or dependable private sources were used. Beginning with January, 1932, weighting factors based upon the census years 1927 and 1929 were employed. However, in the case of farm products and for agricultural commodities included in the foods group, the 3-year average 1927-1929 was used in deter­ mining the weighting factors. Movement of Wholesale Prices in 1931 A marked decline in the general level of wholesale prices took place in 1931. Except for a slight steadying during the summer, the trend was steadily downward throughout the entire year, the net decrease in the 12 months being 12% per cent. The average for the year 1931 was 15% per cent below the average for the year 1930. i Bulletins Nos. 27, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69, 75, 81, 87, 93, 99, 114, 149, 181, 200, 226, 269, 296, 320, 335, 367, 390, 415,440, 473,493, and 521. Current information on wholesale prices is published monthly by the bureau in pamphlet form. 1 Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 2 WHOLESALE PRICES IN 1931 Radical price declines in grains, and in livestock and poultry, occurred during the year. Other farm products, including cotton and wool, also declined sharply. The decrease for the group as a whole within the year was 24 per cent, while the level of the group for the year was 26K per cent below the average of the preceding year. Foods declined steadily in price from January to June, reacting somewhat during July and August, and again declining during the latter months of the year. The December average for food as a whole was 17 per cent below the average for December, 1930, while the level for the year was 18 per cent below the level of the year 1 9 3 0 : Prices of hides and leather products fluctuated during the year until August, after which time a decided slump occurred, with the result that the December price was more than 10 per cent below the average for January. Textile products, including cotton, silk and rayon, and woolen and worsted goods, moved steadily downward throughout the entire year. When compared with the average for the year 1926, many of these commodities had decreased more than 50 per cent. Fuel and lighting materials moved downward the first half of the rear 1931, reacting strongly toward the latter part of the year, Jeaving average prices in December practically 7 per cent below the level for January. Crude and refined petroleum showed radical price decreases during the first few months, with sharp increases toward the end of the year. The fluctuations in the group of metals and metal products resulted in only a 5% per cent net decrease for December when compared with January. Prices of all building materials, as well as chemicals and drugs and house-furnishing goods, moved downward during the year. In the group of miscel­ laneous commodities, including crude rubber and automobile tires, cattle feed, and paper and pulp, prices moved steadily downward until September after which time they rose slightly. In all of the 10 maJor groups of commodities, average prices in 1931 were below those of 1930, the decreases ranging from 8 per cent for metals and metal products to practically 26K per cent in the case of farm products. In Table 1 index numbers for the subgroups and groups of com­ modities are shown by years and months for the period from January, 1926, to December, 1931, inclusive. The index numbers are derived from price quotations of 784 commodities and are based on the aver­ age prices for the year 1926 as 100. Detailed average prices for 1931 are given in Table 5. Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis MOVEMENT OF PRICES IN 1931 3 T a b l e 1.—Index numbers of wholesale prices, by groups and subgroups of com- modities, and by months, from January, 1926 > to December, 1981 [1928-100.0] Farm products Foods Year and month Live­ Other An Butter, Fruits stock fflT T p t a n Cereal and Other An Grains and prod­ prod­ and prod­ vege­ Meats foods foods poultry ucts ucts milk ucts tables 1926 Average for year. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 January_____ 112.6 98.8 111.6 107.4 102.3 106.8 107.7 100.3 100.4 102.6 February___ 108.2 100.4 107.3 105.1 101.6 105.1 106.3 97.8 97.5 100.6 March______ 101.8 99.8 103.0 101.7 99.6 103.5 105.7 98.0 94.6 99.3 April----------- 102.9 98.6 105.6 102.8 97.2 102.6 116.4 99.3 95.9 100.5 May.............. 100.3 103.8 102.2 102.4 96.0 100.2 108.3 100.2 99.1 100.1 June.............. 97.6 106.7 98.0 100.9 95.4 100.7 103.3 102.3 100.3 100.5 July.. 100.7 102.2 95.3 98.6 95.5 99.7 92.0 101.4 100.1 98.7 95.7 98.3 97.1 97.2 97.3 97.2 87.6 99.9 99.4 97.5 September. 95.3 103.7 97.7 99.3 101.1 96.0 92.9 101.6 102.1 99.8 October___ 97.4 102.2 95.1 97.9 102.9 97.1 98.1 101.3 102.2 100.7 November.. 93.6 93.3 96.2 94.7 104.4 95.8 94.9 99.0 105.2 100.4 December- 96.9 93.5 95.2 94.9 107.3 95.1 92.2 98.4 106.2 100.6 1927 Average for year. 100.9 99.2 99.4 94.4 96.7 92.7 98.0 96.7 January......... 95.9 98.5 95.4 96.5 105.3 94.5 95.8 89.4 103.4 97.1 February____ 95.3 99.4 92.6 95.4 107.0 94.4 94.8 89.6 98.0 96.1 March______ 93.0 100.6 90.2 94.2 106.0 93.6 90.3 89.9 95.3 94.7 April_______ 93.2 101.2 89.8 94.3 105.1 93.3 92.3 90.9 94.7 94.9 May________ 104.3 93.9 95.1 96.3 98.9 96.6 104.3 89.8 94.6 95.3 June________ 109.7 90.6 95.9 96.5 97.6 97.4 104.8 88.6 94.2 94.8 July------------- 107.0 95.3 95.9 97.6 97.8 96.6 95.9 90.5 94.1 94.3 August______ 108.3 98.2 103.0 102.3 98.7 95.6 97.9 90.3 94.4 94.5 September__ 102.9 104.9 107.6 105.9 105.5 93.1 93.1 92.2 99.7 96.6 October........
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