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Nikon D2hs Brochure
Nikon Digital SLR Camera D2Hs Specifi cations Type of Camera Lens-interchangeable digital SLR camera Exposure Metering TTL full-aperture exposure metering system; Effective Pixels 4.1 million System 1) D-/G-type Nikkor lenses support 3D-Color Matrix Metering II using the Image Sensor JFET image sensor LBCAST, 23.3 x 15.5mm size, 4.26 million total pixels 1,005-pixel RGB Sensor while other AF Nikkor lenses with built-in CPUs Recording Pixels [L] 2,464 x 1,632-pixel / [M] 1,840 x 1,224-pixel support Matrix Metering (Non-CPU lenses require manual input of lens data) Sensitivity ISO equivalency 200 to 1600 (Hi-1 and Hi-2 available) 2) Center-Weighted Metering (75% of the meter’s sensitivity concentrated on the Storage System NEF (12-bit uncompressed or compressed RAW), 8mm dia. circle) given to 6, 10 or 13mm dia. circle in center of frame, or weighting Exif 2.21, DCF 2.0 and DPOF compliant based on average of entire frame (uncompressed TIFF-RGB or compressed JPEG) 3) Spot Metering (3mm dia. circle, approx. 2% of entire frame); metering position Storage Media CompactFlash™ (CF) Card (Type I / II) and Microdrive™ can be linked to the focus area when using Nikkor lenses with built-in CPU Shooting Modes 1) Single frame shooting [S] mode: advances one frame for each shutter release Exposure Metering 1) 3D-Color Matrix Metering II: EV 0 to 20 2) Continuous high shooting [CH ] mode: 8 frames per second (fps) Range 2) Center-Weighted Metering: EV 0 to 20 [up to 50 (JPEG)/40 (TIFF)/40 (RAW:NEF) consecutive shots] 3) Spot Metering: EV 2 to 20 [at normal -
CMOS Active Pixel Sensor for Fault Tolerance and Background Illumination Subtraction
CMOS ACTIVE PIXEL SENSOR DESIGNS FOR FAULT TOLERANCE AND BACKGROUND ILLUMINATION SUBTRACTION Desmond Yu Hin Cheung B.A.Sc. Simon Fraser University 2002 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF APPLIED SCIENCE in the School of Engineering Science O Desmond Yu Hin Cheung 2005 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2005 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Desmond Yu Hin Cheung Degree: Master of Applied Science Title of Thesis: CMOS Active Pixel Sensor for Fault Tolerance and Background Illumination Subtraction Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Faisal Beg Assistant Professor Dr. Glenn Chapman Senior Supervisor Professor Dr. Ash Parameswaran Supervisor Professor Dr. Karim Karim Examiner Assistant Professor Date Approved: J,,,,p 13 zoos SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENCE The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University L~brary, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its OWTI behalf or for one of its users. The author has hrther granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection. The author has further agreed that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author or the Dean of Graduate Studies. -
Photography Techniques Intermediate Skills
Photography Techniques Intermediate Skills PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Wed, 21 Aug 2013 16:20:56 UTC Contents Articles Bokeh 1 Macro photography 5 Fill flash 12 Light painting 12 Panning (camera) 15 Star trail 17 Time-lapse photography 19 Panoramic photography 27 Cross processing 33 Tilted plane focus 34 Harris shutter 37 References Article Sources and Contributors 38 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 39 Article Licenses License 41 Bokeh 1 Bokeh In photography, bokeh (Originally /ˈboʊkɛ/,[1] /ˈboʊkeɪ/ BOH-kay — [] also sometimes heard as /ˈboʊkə/ BOH-kə, Japanese: [boke]) is the blur,[2][3] or the aesthetic quality of the blur,[][4][5] in out-of-focus areas of an image. Bokeh has been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".[6] However, differences in lens aberrations and aperture shape cause some lens designs to blur the image in a way that is pleasing to the eye, while others produce blurring that is unpleasant or distracting—"good" and "bad" bokeh, respectively.[2] Bokeh occurs for parts of the scene that lie outside the Coarse bokeh on a photo shot with an 85 mm lens and 70 mm entrance pupil diameter, which depth of field. Photographers sometimes deliberately use a shallow corresponds to f/1.2 focus technique to create images with prominent out-of-focus regions. Bokeh is often most visible around small background highlights, such as specular reflections and light sources, which is why it is often associated with such areas.[2] However, bokeh is not limited to highlights; blur occurs in all out-of-focus regions of the image. -
D200 24P.Pdf
Picture a new generation of digital SLR camera, one that is uniquely enabled to tackle photographic challenges quickly and efficiently, while achieving beautiful results that faithfully reproduce the scene in remarkable detail. Crafted to combine the best of newly developed technologies with Nikon’s decades of innovative engineering experience, this high-precision, high-performance digital SLR camera responds instantly to the will and needs of the photographer. It also delivers unrivalled handling efficiency, a large, bright optical viewfinder and 10.2 effective megapixels of extraordinarily sharp resolution. Tight integration with Nikon’s Total Imaging System ensures compatibility with the lineup of renowned Nikkor lenses, while full support for Nikon’s advanced Creative Lighting System adds further creative freedom. What’s more, all these capabilities are underscored by additional Nikon advantages. In fact, with the Nikon Electronic Format (NEF) file format for raw image data and powerful Nikon Capture software, image quality is enhanced and workflow made more efficient, from camera to NEF, to Capture, and on to display and output. Fast forward to new creative possibilities – with the D200. • 10.2 effective megapixel high-performance Nikon DX format CCD image sensor • Advanced high-speed, precision image processing engine • NEF (RAW) and JPEG file versatility • 5fps; 0.15 second power-up; instant response • New selectable 11-area AF or 7 wide-area AF • Magnesium alloy (Mg) body • Large, bright 0.94x viewfinder • 2.5-inch LCD and industry’s largest top control panel • Full integration with Nikon’s Total Imaging System Precision crafted, for the ultimate digital SLR experience. Sharp resolution with pure color fidelity, delivered by instant response from high-precision subsystems CAPTURE RESPONSE 10.2 megapixel DX Format CCD moiré, color fringing and shifting, while Fast SLR response that’s always ready to image sensor also complementing the sensor’s improved capture the moment The D200 employs a newly developed 10.2 resolving power. -
CMOS Active Pixel Sensor for Digital Cameras: Current State-Of- The-Art
CMOS ACTIVE PIXEL SENSORS FOR DIGITAL CAMERAS: CURRENT STATE-OF-THE-ART Atmaram Palakodety Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2007 APPROVED: Saraju P. Mohanty, Major Professor Elias Kougianos, Co-Major Professor Armin R. Mikler, Committee Member and Graduate Coordinator Krishna Kavi, Chair of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering Oscar Garcia, Dean of College of Engineering Sandra L. Terrell, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Palakodety, Atmaram. CMOS Active Pixel Sensor for Digital Cameras: Current State-of- the-Art. Master of Science (Computer Engineering), May 2007, 62 pp., 11 tables, 22 figures, references, 79 titles. Image sensors play a vital role in many image sensing and capture applications. Among the various types of image sensors, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based active pixel sensors (APS), which are characterized by reduced pixel size, give fast readouts and reduced noise. APS are used in many applications such as mobile cameras, digital cameras, Webcams, and many consumer, commercial and scientific applications. With these developments and applications, CMOS APS designs are challenging the old and mature technology of charged couple device (CCD) sensors. With the continuous improvements of APS architecture, pixel designs, along with the development of nanometer CMOS fabrications technologies, APS are optimized for optical sensing. In addition, APS offers very low-power and low-voltage operations and is suitable for monolithic integration, thus allowing manufacturers to integrate more functionality on the array and building low-cost camera-on-a-chip. In this thesis, I explore the current state-of-the-art of CMOS APS by examining various types of APS. -
How Digital Cameras Capture Light
1 Open Your Shutters How Digital Cameras Capture Light Avery CirincioneLynch Eighth Grade Project Paper Hilltown Cooperative Charter School June 2014 2 Cover image courtesy of tumblr.com How Can I Develop This: Introduction Imagine you are walking into a dark room; at first you can't see anything, but as your pupils begin to dilate, you can start to see the details and colors of the room. Now imagine you are holding a film camera in a field of flowers on a sunny day; you focus on a beautiful flower and snap a picture. Once you develop it, it comes out just how you wanted it to so you hang it on your wall. Lastly, imagine you are standing over that same flower, but, this time after snapping the photograph, instead of having to developing it, you can just download it to a computer and print it out. All three of these scenarios are examples of capturing light. Our eyes use an optic nerve in the back of the eye that converts the image it senses into a set of electric signals and transmits it to the brain (Wikipedia, Eye). Film cameras use film; once the image is projected through the lens and on to the film, a chemical reaction occurs recording the light. Digital cameras use electronic sensors in the back of the camera to capture the light. Currently, there are two main types of sensors used for digital photography: the chargecoupled device (CCD) and complementary metaloxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors. Both of these methods convert the intensity of the light at each pixel into binary form, so the picture can be displayed and saved as a digital file (Wikipedia, Image Sensor). -
Seasons Greetings from Beau Photo
BEAU PHOTO SUPPLIES INC. DECEMBER 2005 NEWSLETTER Guaranteed smiles on Christmas morning! Ken’s 12 days of Christmas, or what to buy for the photgrapher(s) on your list ! As Christmas quickly approaches, some people are transformed into incoherent frantic heaps because they are overwhelmed by the need to buy the perfect gift for the photographer on their list. Well they need not be, because when they ask you what you want for Christmas, instead of saying “I don’t know” or “I have you honey, what more could I want?”, you can read off “Ken’s 12 days of Christmas” list and give them a Seasons Greetings wide range of $uggestion$ to meet every budget. And for those who have friends, family or from significant others who want to surprise you with the “perfect gift”, just casually leave this newsletter Beau Photo where said gift buyers can easily find and read it. Then hopefully it will be a return-free Christmas Holiday Hours for you. OK without further ado .... Beau Photo will be closed from On the first day of Christmas my true love gave to December 23rd at 5:00 pm till me..... A Canon 5D (or a Nikon D200). OK not for every budget but hey, iťs what I want for January 3rd at 8:30 am. At Christmas, so doesn’t everyone? $4299 ($2149). this time The Management and On the 2nd day of Christmas my true love gave to the staff would like to thank you me... An Apple 15” Powerbook laptop. Again for your patronage over the last not for every budget but, well.. -
Nikon D200 Brochure
Picture a new generation of digital SLR camera, one that is uniquely enabled to tackle photographic challenges quickly and efficiently, while achieving beautiful results that faithfully reproduce the scene in remarkable detail. Crafted to combine the best of newly developed technologies with Nikon’s decades of innovative engineering experience, this high-precision, high-performance digital SLR camera responds instantly to the will and needs of the photographer. It also delivers unrivalled handling efficiency, a large, bright optical viewfinder and 10.2 effective megapixels of extraordinarily sharp resolution. Tight integration with Nikon’s Total Imaging System ensures compatibility with the lineup of renowned Nikkor lenses, while full support for Nikon’s advanced Creative Lighting System adds further creative freedom. What’s more, all these capabilities are underscored by additional Nikon advantages. In fact, with the Nikon Electronic Format (NEF) file format for raw image data and powerful Nikon Capture software, image quality is enhanced and workflow made more efficient, from camera to NEF, to Capture, and on to display and output. Fast forward to new creative possibilities – with the D200. • 10.2 effective megapixel high-performance Nikon DX format CCD image sensor • Advanced high-speed, precision image processing engine • NEF (RAW) and JPEG file versatility • 5fps; 0.15 second power-up; instant response • New selectable 11-area AF or 7 wide-area AF • Magnesium alloy (Mg) body • Large, bright 0.94x viewfinder • 2.5-inch LCD and industry’s largest top control panel • Full integration with Nikon’s Total Imaging System TM Precision crafted, for the ultimate digital SLR experience. Sharp resolution with pure color fidelity, delivered by instant response from high-precision subsystems CAPTURE RESPONSE 10.2 megapixel DX Format CCD moiré, color fringing and shifting, while Fast SLR response that’s always ready to image sensor also complementing the sensor’s improved capture the moment The D200 employs a newly developed 10.2 resolving power. -
The New Foveon Sensors the Current Color Filter Array Sensors Active
Sensors By Vincent Bockaert The New Foveon Sensors The Current Color Filter Array Sensors The cone-shaped cells inside our eyes are sensitive to red, green, and blue—the "primary colors". All other digital camera sensors only measure the brightness of each pixel. As shown in thisdiagram, a We perceive all other colors as combinations of these primary colors. In conventional photography, "color filter array" is positioned on top of the sensor to capture the red, green, and blue components of the red, green, and blue components of light expose the corresponding chemical layers of color film. light falling onto it. As a result, each pixel measures only one primary color, while the other two colors The new Foveon sensors are based on the same principle, and have three sensor layers that are "estimated" based on the surrounding pixels via software. These approximations reduce image measure the primary colors, as shown in this diagram. Combining these color layers results in a digital sharpness, which is not the case with Foveon sensors. However, as the number o fpixels in current image, basically a mosaic of square tiles or "pixels" of uniform color which are so tiny that it appears sensors increases, the sharpness reduction becomes less visible. Also, the technology is in a more uniform and smooth. As a relatively new technology, Foveon sensors are currently only available in the mature stage and many refinements have been made to increase image quality. Sigma SD9 and SD10 digital SLRs and have drawbacks such as relatively low-light sensitivity. Light Light 35 mm Color Film Color Filter Array Sensor Active Pixel Sensors (CMOS, JFET LBCAST) versus CCD Sensors Fovean Sensor Similar to an array of buckets collecting rain water, digital camera sensors consist of an array of "pixels" collecting photons, the minute energy packets of which light consists. -
Digital SLR Comparison Guide Winter 2008
DIGITAL SLR COMPARISON GUIDE WINTER 2008 All products indicated by trademark symbols are trademarked and/or registered by their respective companies. Specifications and equipment are subject to change without any notice or obligation on the part of the manufacturer. © 2008 Nikon Inc. NIK0053 2008 Comparison Guide DR3 3 1/15/08 1:14:23 PM Nikon DIGITAL SLR CAMERAS THE POWER OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY DEFINED The sheer power, speed, control, and versatility to match the creative demands and the D200 offers demanding photographers the quality and performance they of the world’s award-winning professional photographers. The ease of use that expect. The innovative D60 captures great pictures and the fun of photography allows beginners to faithfully preserve unforgettable family moments. Whatever for everyone, and the D40 and D40X enable anyone to catch incredible moments. your priorities, Nikon digital SLRs offer the innovative technology, precision engineering, and reliably superior performance to produce breathtaking images Every model offers the distinct advantage of compatibility with legendary that make you proud. autofocus NIKKOR lenses. All the featured Nikon digital SLRs allow you to take advantage of Nikons cutting-edge SB-800, SB-600 and SB-400 Speedlights with Nikon offers a comprehensive and exciting lineup of next-generation digital SLR i-TTL flash-control technology. In addition, all are fully compatible with one of cameras whose exclusive technologies deliver extraordinary image quality. Our the amazing Wireless Close-Up Speedlight Systems. new flagship D3, featuring an FX-format imaging sensor and other innovations, redefines the power and versatility of digital photography for professionals. The Whatever Nikon digital SLR you choose, you will possess the power and perfor- new D300, our most advanced DX-format digital SLR, will inspire enthusiasts and mance you need to create outstanding images that reflect your unique vision. -
Digital Camera Sensor Noise Estimation from Different Illuminations of Identical Subject Matter
Digital Camera Sensor Noise Estimation from Different Illuminations of Identical Subject Matter Corey Manders Steve Mann University of Toronto University of Toronto Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering 10 King’s College Rd. 10 King’s College Rd. Toronto, Canada. Toronto, Canada [email protected] [email protected] Abstract— A noise model that is generated from pictures taken by differently illuminating the same subject matter is presented. The superposigram, a three dimensional structure based on three different illuminations of the subject matter is used to directly calculate the noise present in the images which is attributable to the noise originating in the sensor array. Though a similar method has been used to determine the dynamic range Fig. 1: One of the many datasets used in the computation of the superposigram. Leftmost: Picture of Deconism Gallery with only the upper lights turned on. Middle: Picture with compression present in a particular camera, this paper focuses only the lower lights turned on. Rightmost: Picture with both the upper and lower lights on using data in which no dynamic range compression has taken turned on. place (raw files from a Nikon D2h were used). The paper shows through a mathematical proof that the noise in the camera is well estimated by the superposigram and then shows empirically that with identical illumination is used. The new work is largely this is true. Finally, the method is applied to four commercially available cameras, to evaluate the noise in each. based on the concept of lightspace presented in [6]. -
Exploring the Nikon D200 13
06_037482 ch01.qxp 9/18/06 1:37 PM Page 11 Exploring the CHAPTER Nikon D200 11 ✦✦✦✦ f you’ve gone through the Quick Tour and gained some In This Chapter basic familiarity with the layout and controls of the Nikon I Up front D200, you’ve probably gone out and taken some initial pic- tures with your camera. Even a few hours’ of work with this On top advanced tool has probably whetted your appetite to learn more about the D200’s features and how to use them. On the back For many of you, some of the information in this chapter will Viewfinder display be a bit of a review. The D200 is a more sophisticated camera than Nikon’s entry-level models, like the D70s and D50, so a LCD display hefty number of purchasers will be veteran photographers with extensive experience with digital single lens reflexes (dSLRs). Viewing and playing It’s likely that you’ve accumulated a year or two working with back images another Nikon digital SLR, perhaps even one of the pro mod- els. (The D200 makes a great adjunct to the Nikon D2X!) Activating the onboard flash However, I think you’ll still find the roadmap features of this chapter useful for helping you locate the key controls amidst Metering modes the bewildering array of dials and buttons that cover just about every surface of the D200. Semiautomatic and Manual exposure On the other hand, many new D200 owners are not old modes hands when it comes to digital SLR photography. Learning to use a D200 as a first dSLR poses a bit more of a challenge, ISO sensitivity but you won’t have to upgrade in a short time as your needs outgrow the capabilitiesCOPYRIGHTED of your camera.