Professionelle Fotografie Mit Dem Nikon-System

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Professionelle Fotografie Mit Dem Nikon-System mitp Edition Profifoto Professionelle Fotografie mit dem Nikon-System von Armin Strauch 1. Auflage Professionelle Fotografie mit dem Nikon-System – Strauch schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei beck-shop.de DIE FACHBUCHHANDLUNG Thematische Gliederung: Digitale Fotographie, Video, TV mitp/bhv 2012 Verlag C.H. Beck im Internet: www.beck.de ISBN 978 3 8266 5076 5 Inhaltsverzeichnis: Professionelle Fotografie mit dem Nikon-System – Strauch © des Titels »Professionelle Fotografie mit dem Nikon-System« (ISBN 978-3-8266-5076-5) 2012 by Verlagsgruppe Hüthig Jehle Rehm GmbH, Heidelberg. Nähere Informationen unter: http://www.mitp.de/5076 KAPITEL 1 Die Kamera 1.1 Kleine Nikon-Historie . 16 1.2 Aktuelle Spiegelreflex-Kameramodelle . 25 1.3 Kameraspezifisches Zubehör . 57 PROFESSIONELLE FOTOGRAFIE MIT DEM NIKON-SYSTEM 15 © des Titels »Professionelle Fotografie mit dem Nikon-System« (ISBN 978-3-8266-5076-5) 2012 by Verlagsgruppe Hüthig Jehle Rehm GmbH, Heidelberg. Nähere Informationen unter: http://www.mitp.de/5076 Kapitel 1 Die Kamera 1.1 KLEINE NIKON-HISTORIE Die frühen Jahre Die Nikon-Geschichte beginnt im Jahre 1917 mit dem Zusammenschluss dreier Firmen der optischen Industrie. Die Tokyo Keiki Seisaku Sho, Iwaki Glass Manufacturing und Fuji Lens Seizo Sho fusionieren zur Nippon Ko- gaku K.K. Aus Nippon Kogaku, was soviel heißt wie Japanische Optische Gesellschaft, wird schließlich der Markenname Nikon gebildet. 1918 beginnt die Produktion von optischen Geräten im Werk Ohi in Tokio. Die frühen Jahre sind bestimmt durch die Produktion von Zielfernrohren, Ferngläsern und Periskopen, die an die japanische Armee geliefert werden. Die ersten nichtmilitärischen Produkte sind 1921 drei Teleskope mit unter- schiedlichem Durchmesser. Zwei Jahre später entschließt man sich zur Ein- richtung eines eigenen Glasforschungslabors, um selbstständig entwickeln zu können und technologisch unabhängig zu sein. 1925 entsteht das erste Mikroskop. Die ersten Objektive, zu dieser Zeit für Plattenkameras, erschei- nen 1932. Sie tragen die Bezeichnung Nikkor. Die ersten Objektive für das Kleinbildformat werden 1937 im Auftrag der Firma Seiki Kogaku Precision Optical Research Institute entwickelt, eine Reihe von 50 mm-Objektiven mit Lichtstärken zwischen 4,5 und beachtli- chen 2,0. Diese ebenfalls aufstrebende Firma sucht erstklassige Objektive für ihre Hansa-Kwanon-Kamera, heute ist sie unter dem Namen Canon ebenfalls weltweit bekannt für ihre Kamerasysteme. Während des zweiten Weltkrieges wird die gesamte Produktion auf die Belange der Rüstungsindustrie abgestimmt; nach Ende des Krieges werden von annähernd 20 Produktionsstätten alle bis auf das Stammwerk in Ohi geschlossen. Es reifen Überlegungen, neben Objektiven auch Kameras her- zustellen. Zur Diskussion stehen eine zweiäugige 6x6 Kamera oder das Kleinbildformat. Die Entscheidung ist bekannt, es fällt der Startschuss für eine Legende mit nicht unerheblichem Einfluss auf Entwicklung und Popula- rität eines Kameraformats. Info Die Messsucherkameras Die frühen Kameras sind Messsucherkameras. Die Nikon I hat noch ein von 1948 – 1959 Format von 24x32 mm, ihre Form ähnelt äußerlich der Contax II, von ihr Nikon I (1948) Diese erste hat die Nikon auch das Bajonett übernommen. Das Innenleben, insbeson- Kamera ist Namenspatron dere die Verschlussrollos, erinnern hingegen mehr an eine Leica IIIa. Der für die digitale System- Mischbild-Entfernungsmesser ist in den Sucher integriert, keineswegs kamera Nikon 1 (one) üblich zu dieser Zeit. Schon diese erste Kamera zeigt sich außerordentlich Nikon M (1949) Nikon S (1951) hochwertig, in Verbindung mit den erstklassigen Objektiven stellt sie eine Nikon S2 (1954) echte Konkurrenz zu den deutschen Spitzenherstellern dar, die wegwei- Nikon SP (1957 send in Sachen Qualität sind. Da sich das Format bei den Fotografen nicht Nikon S3 (1958) durchsetzt, erscheint ein Jahr später ein Modell mit 24x34 mm, die Nikon Nikon S4 (1959) M, wobei das M für medium, also die Mitte zwischen dem ursprünglichen 16 PROFESSIONELLE FOTOGRAFIE MIT DEM NIKON-SYSTEM © des Titels »Professionelle Fotografie mit dem Nikon-System« (ISBN 978-3-8266-5076-5) 2012 by Verlagsgruppe Hüthig Jehle Rehm GmbH, Heidelberg. Nähere Informationen unter: http://www.mitp.de/5076 Kleine Nikon-Historie= 1.1 und dem Kleinbildformat steht. Jedoch ist auch diese Nikon nur auf dem asiatischen Markt bekannt. Abbildung 1.1 Im Jahr 2000 legt Nikon die S3 als Sondermodell neu auf. Die Replik stimmt mit dem Original von 1959 überein, lediglich beim Objektiv 1:1,4/50 mm wurden die Linsen mit einer modernen Mehrschicht- vergütung versehen. Wäh- rend von der abgebildeten Ausführung in Chrome etwa 8.000 Stück verkauft wur- den, blieb die schwarze Vari- Die Life-Story ante auf 2.000 Sammler- Exemplare limitiert. Dies ändert sich im Zuge des Wiederaufbaus in Japan nach dem zweiten Foto: Nikon Weltkrieg, zu dem tausende Amerikaner im Land sind. Zahlreiche Nachrich- tenagenturen und Zeitschriften eröffnen ihre Büros, Redakteure und Bild- journalisten berichten vom Geschehen. Unter ihnen ist der bekannte Foto- journalist David Douglas Duncan vom Life-Magazin. Sein Kollege Jun Miki, der einzige japanische Vertragsfotograf von Life, nimmt ihn mit zu einem Besuch des Nikon-Werks in Ohi. Sie werden begleitet von Horace Bristol vom Wirtschaftsmagazin Fortune. Die Amerikaner sind überrascht und begeistert von den Objektiven, die ihnen die Nikon-Ingenieure zeigen. Dun- can ist besonders angetan vom 85 mm f/2,0, dessen Qualität mit den bes- ten deutschen Objektiven mithalten kann. Der Vergleich fällt leicht, stehen doch Spitzenoptiken von Leitz und Zeiss als Referenzgeräte auf den Quali- tätsprüfständen für die Nikon-Objektive. Duncan und Bristol bestellen sofort einige Objektive, und bereits wenige Wochen später erhält Duncan die Gelegenheit, die Geräte unter härtesten Bedingungen zu testen. Während des Koreakrieges erstellt er Aufnahmen mit einem 50 mm f/1,5 und einem 135 mm f/4 an einer Leica IIIC, die er an die heimische Redaktion schickt. Seine Bilder wie auch seine persönlich an Kollegen weitergetragene Begeisterung für Nikkore überzeugen viele Foto- grafen, Nikon ebenfalls zu testen. Neben den Objektiven kommt nun auch die Nikon-Kamera zum Einsatz. Der Life Fotograf Hank Walker, der aus dem Norden Koreas berichtet, erklärt später, dass die Nikon M die Kamera war, mit der er auch bei Temperaturen von - 20° keine Probleme hatte. Die F-Serie Der Nikon M folgen noch einige Sucherkameras im Kleinbildformat, die letzte ist 1959 die Nikon S4. Die wichtigere Neuerscheinung jenen Jahres und der Beginn der eigentlichen Erfolgsgeschichte von Nikon ist die Nikon F, PROFESSIONELLE FOTOGRAFIE MIT DEM NIKON-SYSTEM 17 © des Titels »Professionelle Fotografie mit dem Nikon-System« (ISBN 978-3-8266-5076-5) 2012 by Verlagsgruppe Hüthig Jehle Rehm GmbH, Heidelberg. Nähere Informationen unter: http://www.mitp.de/5076 Kapitel 1 Die Kamera die erste Spiegelreflexkamera. Äußerlich erinnert sie noch stark an die Nikon S, nur mit Prismensucher oben auf der Mitte der Kamera. Die Nikon F bringt noch eine zweite Premiere, das F-Bajonett als Anschluss für die Objektive. Während anderenorts noch mit M 42 geschraubt wird, genügt der Nikon eine Drehung von 60° zur Fixierung der Optik. Das sensationelle am F-Bajo- nett ist aber, dass es bis heute praktisch unverändert geblieben ist und eine Kompatibilität ermöglicht, die bei keinem anderen Kamerahersteller zu fin- den ist. Die folgende Auflistung gibt einen knappen Überblick über Nikons Profi-Kameras, ohne Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit der Beschreibung aller Leistungsmerkmale. Hinweis Schon die erste Nikon F ist eine Kamera mit vielen Ausbaumöglichkeiten. Neben dem Standard-Prismensucher gibt es einen Sportsucher, einen Ausführliche Informationen Lichtschachtsucher und den Photomic-Sucher. Der Photomic-Sucher ver- zum F-Bajonett finden Sie im 3. Kapitel über Objektive. fügt über einen eingebauten Belichtungsmesser, der mit dem Verschlusszei- tenrad und dem Blendenring verbunden ist, Änderungen in der Belichtungs- einstellung können sofort umgesetzt werden. Der Messsucher wird permanent weiterentwickelt und verbessert, ab 1965 wird die Belichtung TTL, also durch das Objektiv auf der Mattscheibe gemessen, so dass Ver- längerungsfaktoren durch Filter oder Auszüge ohne manuelle Korrektur berücksichtigt werden. Zum Sucherzubehör gehören noch zahlreiche Wechsel-Einstellscheiben. Es gibt einen Motorantrieb für bis zu vier Bilder/ Sekunde sowie ein Langfilmmagazin für 250 Aufnahmen, dazu einen sepa- raten Motorantrieb. Um 1970 reicht die Objektivpalette von 7,5 bis 600 mm Brennweite, einschließlich zweier Zoomobjektive. Die Nikon F entwickelt sich im Laufe der 60er Jahre vom Geheimtipp zur Nummer-eins-Profika- mera in den USA. In Europa ist Nikon nach wie vor eher unbekannt. Abbildung 1.2 Nikons erste Spiegel- reflexkamera kann ihre Verwandtschaft zu den Messsucherkameras kaum leugnen, sieht sie doch aus wie eine S3 mit Prismensucher. Foto: Nikon Das ändert sich mit dem Erscheinen der Nikon F2, 1971. Die F2 ist eine Weiterentwicklung der F, ihr Gehäuse ist ergonomischer durch abgerundete Kanten, optimierte Lage von Auslöser und Schnellspannhebel und erleich- 18 PROFESSIONELLE FOTOGRAFIE MIT DEM NIKON-SYSTEM © des Titels »Professionelle Fotografie mit dem Nikon-System« (ISBN 978-3-8266-5076-5) 2012 by Verlagsgruppe Hüthig Jehle Rehm GmbH, Heidelberg. Nähere Informationen unter: http://www.mitp.de/5076 Kleine Nikon-Historie= 1.1 terte Rückspulung. Mechanisch besonders beanspruchte Teile wie das Bajonett sind aus Edelstahl gefertigt.
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