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O'reilly Pub Date: June 2001 Click here to show toolbars of the Web Online Help System: show toolbars AppleScript in a Nutshell By Bruce W. Perry Publisher: O'Reilly Pub Date: June 2001 ISBN: 1-56592-841-5 Table of Pages: 526 • Contents Slots: 1 • Index • Reviews AppleScript in a Nutshell is the first complete reference to AppleScript, the • Examples popular programming language that gives both power users and sophisticated enterprise customers the important ability to automate repetitive tasks and Reader • customize applications. AppleScript in a Nutshell is a high-end handbook at a Reviews low-end price--an essential desktop reference that puts the full power of this • Errata user-friendly programming language into every AppleScript user's hands. This HTML Help has been published using the chm2web software. Click here to show toolbars of the Web Online Help System: show toolbars AppleScript in a Nutshell By Bruce W. Perry Publisher: O'Reilly Pub Date: June 2001 ISBN: 1-56592-841-5 Table of Pages: 526 • Contents Slots: 1 • Index • Reviews • Examples Reader • Reviews • Errata Copyright Preface Organization of This Book Conventions Used in This Book How to Contact Us Acknowledgments Part I: Introduction to AppleScript Chapter 1. AppleScript: An Introduction Section 1.1. How Is AppleScript Used? Section 1.2. Apple Events Section 1.3. Using Script Runner with OS X Section 1.4. Using OSA Menu with OS 9 Section 1.5. Checking Your AppleScript Version Section 1.6. Diving In Chapter 2. Using Script Editor with OS 9 and OS X Section 2.1. Script Editor Controls/Commands Section 2.2. Scripting the Script Editor Part II: AppleScript Language Reference Chapter 3. Data Types alias boolean class constant data date file specification integer international text list number real record reference RGB color string Styled Clipboard Text Styled Text text Unicode Text Unit of Measurement Classes Chapter 4. Operators & ( ) * + - / ÷ div < <= = > >= ^ [a] reference to and as begin[s] with contains does not contain does not equal ends with is contained by is not contained by m od not or Chapter 5. Reference Forms after back before beginning first, second, third, fourth, etc. every every ... from ... to ... id last middle name some whose Chapter 6. Variables and Constants Section 6.1. Variables Section 6.2. Constants and Predefined Variables Chapter 7. Flow-Control Statements considering [but ignoring] end [considering] continue error exit [repeat] if simple statement if [then] [else if] [else] end [if] ignoring [but considering] end [ignoring] repeat end [repeat] repeat until end [repeat] repeat while end [repeat] repeat with {loop variable} from {integer} to {integer}[by stepVal] end [repeat] repeat with {loop variable} in {list} end [repeat] repeat {integer} times end [repeat] return [return value] tell simple statement tell end [tell] try [on error] [number | from | partial result | to] end[error | try] using terms from end [using terms from] with timeout [of] {integer} second[s] end [timeout] with transaction [session object] end [transaction] Chapter 8. Subroutines Section 8.1. Subroutines with Positional Parameters Section 8.2. Subroutines with Labeled Parameters Chapter 9. Script Objects and Libraries Script Objects Libraries Part III: Scripting Mac OS 9 Applications Chapter 10. Apple Guide and Help Viewer Apple Guide Help Viewer Chapter 11. Apple System Profiler Apple System Profiler Chapter 12. Keychain Scripting and Apple Verifier Keychain Scripting Apple Verifier Chapter 13. Desktop Printer Manager Desktop Print Manager Chapter 14. Mac OS 9 Finder Commands Section 14.1. Example Finder Scripts Chapter 15. Mac OS 9 Finder Classes Finder Classes Chapter 16. Network Setup Scripting Network Setup Scripting Chapter 17. Scripting Sherlock 2 Sherlock 2 Chapter 18. URL Access Scripting URL Access Scripting Part IV: Scripting Mac OS 9 Control Panels and Extensions Chapter 19. Appearance Control Panel Appearance Control Panel Chapter 20. Apple Data Detectors Extension Apple Data Detectors Chapter 21. Apple Menu Options Control Panel Apple Menu Options Chapter 22. Application Switcher Extension Application Switcher Chapter 23. ColorSync Extension ColorSync Chapter 24. File Exchange Control Panel File Exchange Chapter 25. File Sharing Control Panel File Sharing Chapter 26. Folder Actions Extension Folder Actions Chapter 27. FontSync Control Panel and Extension FontSync Control Panel FontSync Extension Chapter 28. Location Manager Control Panel Location Manager Chapter 29. Memory and Mouse Control Panels Memory Control Panel Mouse Control Panel Chapter 30. Speech Listener and SpeakableItems Extension Speech Listener Application SpeakableItems Extension Embedded Speech Commands Chapter 31. Web Sharing Control Panel Part V: Scripting the Mac OS X System Chapter 32. Scripting the OS X Desktop Section 32.1. Working with Files, Folders, Disks, and Windows in OS X Chapter 33. Scripting Mail Section 33.1. Setting Up an Email Message Section 33.2. Exploring the Mail Application Object Section 33.3. Getting Information about an Email Account Chapter 34. Executing Scripts with the Terminal App osacompile osalang osascript Chapter 35. Scripting TextEdit TextEdit Part VI: Appendixes Appendix A. Standard Scripting Additions Standard Additions Standard Additions Appendix B. AppleScript Resources Section B.1. Apple Computer AppleScript URLs Section B.2. AppleScript FAQs, Mailing Lists, and Tutorials Section B.3. Macintosh Scripting Sites Section B.4. Commercial AppleScript Development Environments Section B.5. Freeware AppleScript Development Environments Colophon Index This HTML Help has been published using the chm2web software. Click here to show toolbars of the Web Online Help System: show toolbars Copyright © 2002 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 101 Morris Street, Sebastopol, CA 95472. Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O'Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. The association of the image of a Boston terrier and the topic of AppleScript is a trademark of O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. Apple Computer, Inc. boldly combined open source technologies with its own programming efforts to create Mac OS X, one of the most versatile and stable operating systems now available. In the same spirit, Apple has joined forces with O'Reilly & Associates to bring you an indispensable collection of technical publications. The ADC logo indicates that the book has been technically reviewed by Apple engineers and is recommended by the Apple Developer Connection. Apple, Macintosh, AppleScript, Mac OS, and Mac OS X are registered trademarks of Apple, Inc. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. This HTML Help has been published using the chm2web software. Click here to show toolbars of the Web Online Help System: show toolbars [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] This HTML Help has been published using the chm2web software. Click here to show toolbars of the Web Online Help System: show toolbars Preface AppleScript continues to evolve on Mac OS 9 and Mac OS X as the ultimate scripting tool for the Macintosh. AppleScript's power to automate the operating system and complex applications such as graphics, desktop-publishing, and database programs, as well as a friendly English language dialect that helps ambitious scripters get up to speed quickly with their own applets, is not matched by any other platform's programming language. Yet, only a small percentage of Macintosh users are even aware that AppleScript is installed with their operating system. Those who are aware of AppleScript's presence on their machine often do not take full advantage of this tool to automate their daily computing activities, both on their local machine and over the Internet. Who should and can use AppleScript? The following users come to mind right away: system administrators who are automating tasks with networks and applications; web and graphics professionals who want to control the development of web sites and publications; scientists, mathematicians, and engineers who require applets to make calculations and automate their own software tools, as well as day-to-day programmers and students who are designing and prototyping new programs. Not to mention everday users who want to automate their own computing tasks, such as file and folder backups. If you are on a Macintosh, then you should be putting AppleScript to work for you. The purpose of this book is primarily three-fold: 1. Describe AppleScript and its tools (Part I) and provide a core language reference (Part II) that all users can keep next to their computers as they write new scripts. 2. Provide detailed descriptions, examples, and reference information on how to script the numerous system-level programs on Mac OS 9 ( Part III and Part IV) and Mac OS X (Part V), such as the Finder on both OS versions, Sherlock, and Network Setup Scripting. 3. Give scripters general insight on how to approach the scripting of several programs that can be automated by AppleScript, such as Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop, FileMaker Pro, QuarkXPress, SoundJam MP, and OutLook Express. The mantra is, study the "application class" in the program's AppleScript dictionary and you'll be up and running with scripting that program before you know it. (Chapter 1 discusses the application class in general terms; while the application classes of all the various system components are described in detail throughout the book.) Hopefully, this book will help reveal AppleScript to more Macintosh users, thus providing them with another outlet for creativity and productivity.
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