viruses Review Exosomes and Other Extracellular Vesicles in HPV Transmission and Carcinogenesis David Guenat 1,2,3, François Hermetet 4, Jean-Luc Prétet 1,2 and Christiane Mougin 1,2,* 1 EA3181, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France;
[email protected] (D.G.);
[email protected] (J.-L.P.) 2 CNR Papillomavirus, CHRU, Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France 3 Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 4 INSERM LNC-UMR1231, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Fondation de Coopération Scientifique Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +33-3-70-63-20-53 Academic Editors: Alison A. McBride and Karl Munger Received: 7 July 2017; Accepted: 31 July 2017; Published: 7 August 2017 Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes (Exos), microvesicles (MVs) and apoptotic bodies (ABs) are released in biofluids by virtually all living cells. Tumor-derived Exos and MVs are garnering increasing attention because of their ability to participate in cellular communication or transfer of bioactive molecules (mRNAs, microRNAs, DNA and proteins) between neighboring cancerous or normal cells, and to contribute to human cancer progression. Malignant traits can also be transferred from apoptotic cancer cells to phagocytizing cells, either professional or non-professional. In this review, we focus on Exos and ABs and their relationship with human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated tumor development. The potential implication of EVs as theranostic biomarkers is also addressed.