CEQA Historic Resource Assessment Letter Report: 10167 San Pablo Avenue, El Cerrito, CA 94530

LETTER REPORT November 14, 2017 To: Sean Moss, Senior Planner City of El Cerrito Planning Division 10890 San Pablo Avenue El Cerrito, CA 94530

John Cook, Director of Environmental Services Circlepoint 200 Webster Street, Suite 200 Oakland, CA 94607

From: Bryan Larson, Partner/Historian Samuel Skow, Research Assistant III JRP Historical Consulting, LLC 2850 Spafford Street Davis, CA 95618 Subject: California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Historical Resource Assessment for the Property at 10167 San Pablo Avenue, El Cerrito, Contra Costa County, California.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION The City of El Cerrito is authorizing a plan to demolish the existing building on the parcel at 10167 San Pablo Avenue (Assessor Parcel Number [APN] 510-034-003) and to construct a new 48,641-square-foot, six-story, multi-family residential building with a total of 62 dwelling units and 31 parking spaces.1 BACKGROUND In 2007, the City began a process to prepare a Specific Plan for San Pablo Avenue. The major goals of the Specific Plan were to articulate a vision for the future of San Pablo Avenue, identify improvements, and adopt context-sensitive regulations that could be applied along its length and to adjacent areas. In 2014, the City certified the Specific Plan Environmental Impact Report (EIR) (State Clearinghouse #2014042025) and adopted the San Pablo Avenue Specific Plan. The Specific Plan includes (1) a Form-Based Code (FBC) to provide clear signals to developers as to the type, location, and shape of desired developments; (2) multimodal transportation goals and policies including streetscape design improvements, and design standards as part of the Complete Streets Plan; and (3) infrastructure improvements to support new development.

1 Project description taken from City of El Cerrito, “10167 San Pablo Avenue: CEQA Environmental Checklist and Initial Study,” November 2017.

1 JRP Historical Consulting, LLC

CEQA Historic Resource Assessment Letter Report: 10167 San Pablo Avenue, El Cerrito, CA 94530

JRP Historical Consulting, LLC (JRP) evaluated the property at 10167 San Pablo Avenue for National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligibility and for California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) eligibility under Section 15064.5(a)(2)-(3) of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines, using the criteria outlined in Section 5024.1 of the California Public Resources Code. The results of JRP’s evaluation of the subject property for NRHP and CRHR eligibility is documented in this memorandum and the attached California Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) 523 form (Attachment A). QUALIFICATIONS JRP conducted this survey and evaluation of the property at 10167 San Pablo Avenue under subcontract to Circlepoint. This study was prepared under the general direction of JRP Partner Bryan Larson (MA, Public History, California State University, Sacramento). Mr. Larson has 19 years of professional experience working as a consulting historian on a wide variety of historical research and cultural resource management projects. He provided overall guidance for this project and edited the DPR 523 form. JRP Research Assistant III Samuel Skow has a Master of Arts in History–Public History from California State University, Sacramento, and three years of experience conducting historic architectural inventories and evaluations. Mr. Skow was the primary author of the DPR 523 form and conducted fieldwork and research. Based on their levels of experience and education, Mr. Larson and Mr. Skow both qualify as historian and architectural historian under the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards, as defined in 36 CFR Part 61. METHODOLOGY JRP conducted research to understand the historic context of the city of El Cerrito and resource- specific research on the history of this property. Developing the historic context consisted of research into the growth and development of the City of El Cerrito. Resource-specific research objectives included gathering information to determine the original date of construction of the former used car dealership, the dates of construction of its associated building and structures, and any alterations. JRP staff conducted research at City of El Cerrito Building Division, El Cerrito; Contra Costa County Public Library, El Cerrito and Pleasant Hill branch locations; and Contra Costa County Recorder, Martinez. Other important sources of information were historic newspaper articles, maps, various online sources, and materials in JRP’s inhouse library and archives. In addition to the historic documentary research, JRP conducted a field survey which documented the property in its entirety on November 9, 2017. JRP took photographs of the lot, the former office building, the pylon-type tower sign, the display platform, and the planter boxes, noting character defining-features and aspects of historic integrity. The recordation is documented on the attached DPR 523 form, which also includes a comprehensive evaluation of the resource’s potential for significance under NRHP and CRHR criteria.

2 JRP Historical Consulting, LLC

CEQA Historic Resource Assessment Letter Report: 10167 San Pablo Avenue, El Cerrito, CA 94530

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The former used car dealership at 10167 San Pablo Avenue does not meet the criteria for listing in the NRHP or the CRHR, and is not a historical resource for the purposes of CEQA. The rationale for this conclusion is summarized below. Please refer to the attached DPR 523 form for additional information about the property, including a physical description (with accompanying photographs), locational data and mapping, and a historic narrative and contextual discussion against which to analyze the potential historical significance of the resource under NRHP and CRHR (Attachment A). NRHP Criterion A / CRHR Criterion 1 Under NRHP Criterion A or CRHR Criterion 1, the subject property at 10167 San Pablo Avenue does not appear to be significant for associations with important historic events at the local, state, or national level. Although the property was initially developed as a used car dealership as early as 1953, the extant building and structures effectively date to 1963, well after the establishment and initial development of El Cerrito and about a decade after the post-World War II development boom. As such, the property did not make significant contributions to the local economy or to regional commercial development. By the time the Richmond Motor Company took possession of the used car lot in 1962, commercial patterns of development along San Pablo Avenue were well established. This property also lacks significance with the retail automotive industry. By the 1960s, used car dealerships had grown ubiquitous in urban areas throughout California and the United States. Within the El Cerrito area, the Richmond Motor Company appears to have been one of a growing number of used car dealerships when it was established on the subject property, and it does not individually represent an important event or trend in history at the local, state, or national level. NRHP Criterion B / CRHR Criterion 2 The property does not share significant associations with the lives of persons important to history (NRHP Criterion B or CRHR Criterion 2). Historical evidence does not indicate that Bill McNevin, the developer of the lot in the 1960s, or any other individual associated with the subject property made significant contributions to history at the local, state, or national level. While McNevin appears to have been a successful proprietor of used car dealerships in the East Bay region, his accomplishments in business do not elevate the property to the level of historically significant under these criteria. NRHP Criterion C / CRHR Criterion 3 The building and structures at 10167 San Pablo Avenue are not significant as important examples of a type, period, or method of construction, nor are they known to be the work of a master architect or builder (NRHP Criterion C or CRHR Criterion 3). The utilitarian, concrete- block office building is a common building type and a fairly typical example of midcentury utilitarian architecture. Moreover, the building has been altered by the construction of a wood-

3 JRP Historical Consulting, LLC

CEQA Historic Resource Assessment Letter Report: 10167 San Pablo Avenue, El Cerrito, CA 94530

frame, plywood addition. Likewise, the pylon-type sign tower is a common and unremarkable example of its type, and it has also been substantially altered by the regular addition and removal of double-face plexiglass signage over the course of the property’s history as a used car dealership. These alterations and additions have diminished the property’s integrity of design, materials, workmanship, and feeling. Additionally, while historic evidence indicates that Elmer J. Freethy and Nelson Neon were a moderately successful general and electrical contractors, respectively, their accomplishments in their respective fields do not elevate them to the status of master designers or builders. Neither the building nor the structures possess architectural merits that would render them eligible under these criteria, and neither the building nor the associated structures are significant as important works of a master designer or builder. NRHP Criterion D / CRHR Criterion 4 The property is not significant as a source (or likely source) of important information regarding history (NRHP Criterion D or CRHR Criterion 4). The property types present have been thoroughly documented in the historical record; therefore, the property does not appear to have any likelihood of yielding important information about historic construction materials or technology.

4 JRP Historical Consulting, LLC

ATTACHMENT A: Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) 523 Form for 10167 San Pablo Avenue, El Cerrito, California

State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # ______DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ______PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial ______NRHP Status Code 6Z Other Listings ______Review Code ______Reviewer ______Date ______

Page 1 of 11 *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 10167 San Pablo Avenue

P1. Other Identifier: 10125 San Pablo Avenue *P2. Location:  Not for Publication  Unrestricted *a. County Contra Costa and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5’ Quad Richmond Date 1995 T 1N R 4W; ___ ¼ of Sec ___; Mount Diablo B.M. c. Address 10167 San Pablo Avenue City El Cerrito Zip 94530 d. UTM: (give more than one for large and/or linear resources) Zone _____; ______mE/ ______mN e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate) APN: 510-034-001-6, 510-034-002-4, and 510-034-003-2 *P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) This form records three conjoined parcels, whose combined area totals 0.66 acres and contains a former used car lot located on San Pablo Avenue between Central Avenue and Avila Street in the City of El Cerrito (Photograph 1). The property consists of a small utilitarian office building, an illuminated plastic pylon-type sign tower, a concrete-block display platform, and three concrete-block planter boxes, all surrounded by an asphalt-paved lot. Regularly spaced metal poles, metal guard railing, vertical wood board fencing, and wrought-iron fencing line the eastern, southern, western, and northern property boundaries, respectively. A number of modern metal lampposts are also distributed throughout the lot (see Continuation Sheet).

*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP6 – 1-3 Story Commercial Building *P4. Resources Present:  Building  Structure  Object  Site  District  Element of District  Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date, P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) accession #) Photograph 1. Former used car dealership at 10167 San Pablo Avenue, showing office building (right) and showcase platform (left); camera facing southeast, November 9, 2017. *P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources:  Historic  Prehistoric  Both 1962-1963 (City of El Cerrito) *P7. Owner and Address: See Continuation Sheet

*P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, address) Samuel Skow JRP Historical Consulting, LLC 2850 Spafford Street Davis, CA 95618

*P9. Date Recorded: November 9, 2017

*P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive

Photograph 1

*P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter “none.”) JRP Historical Consulting, LLC, “Letter Report for CEQA Historical Resource Assessment for 10167 San Pablo Avenue in El Cerrito, Contra Costa County, California,” November 2017. *Attachments:  None  Location Map  Sketch Map  Continuation Sheet  Building, Structure, and Object Record  Archaeological Record  District Record  Linear Feature Record  Milling Station Record  Rock Art Record  Artifact Record  Photograph Record  Other (list) ______DPR 523A (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # ______DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ______BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD

Page 2 of 11 *NRHP Status Code 6Z *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 10167 San Pablo Avenue B1. Historic Name: Claar Chevrolet Co.; Richmond Motor Co. Used Cars; McNevin Cadillac Used Cars; Auto Depot; 515 San Pablo Avenue; 10125 San Pablo Avenue B2. Common Name: 10167 San Pablo Avenue B3. Original Use: Used car dealership B4. Present Use: Vacant *B5. Architectural Style: Utilitarian *B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alteration, and date of alterations) Lot paved and used car dealership established on APN 510-034-003 in 1953; extant office building constructed, replacing previous portable building in 1962; sign, display platform, and planter boxes constructed in 1963; buildings on adjacent parcel (510-034-002) demolished, area paved and added to dealership 1963-1965; sign altered to include McNevin Cadillac logo and “V-shaped” top plexiglass additions in 1967; plywood addition to office building constructed in 1976; adjacent parcel (510-034-001) added to used car lot property in 1978; “V-shaped” plexiglass additions removed ca. 1998; windows boarded over with plywood 2011-2014. *B7. Moved?  No  Yes  Unknown Date: ______Original Location: ______*B8. Related Features: None B9. Architect: Elmer J. Freethy; Nelson Neon b. Builder: Elmer J. Freethy; Nelson Neon *B10. Significance: Theme n/a Area n/a Period of Significance n/a Property Type n/a Applicable Criteria n/a (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.) The former used car dealership at 10167 San Pablo Avenue does not meet the criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR). It is not a historic property under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), nor is it a historical resource for the purposes of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The property does not meet any of the significance criteria necessary for listing in either register because it does not have an important association with significant events at the national, state, or local levels. This property has been evaluated in accordance with Section 15064.5(a)(2)-(3) of the CEQA Guidelines, using the criteria outlined in Section 5024.1 of the California Public Resources Code (see Continuation Sheet).

(Sketch Map with north arrow required.)

B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) *B12. References: See Continuation Sheet.

B13. Remarks:

*B14. Evaluator: Samuel Skow

*Date of Evaluation: November 2017

(This space reserved for official comments.)

DPR 523B (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # ______DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ______CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ______

Page 3 of 11 *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 10167 San Pablo Avenue *Recorded by S. Skow *Date November 9, 2017  Continuation  Update

P3a. Description (continued): The roughly 730-square-foot office building is constructed out of concrete block with a wood-frame, plywood-clad southeast addition (built in 1976) forming an L-shaped footprint (Photograph 2). Since 2014, the plywood addition has been vandalized with increasing amounts of spray-painted graffiti. The building features an extremely low-pitched gable roof with wood fascia trim, wide overhanging eaves, and rolled asphalt sheathing. A wood bench lines the base of the southeast and northeast sides. Located in the building’s interior elbow, an elevated porch with a shed-roof awning supported by square wood posts is accessible via wood staircase with wood handrails. The exposed wood brackets once supported corrugated- metal roof sheathing, which was removed in 2014. Also contained in the porch is the former entrance, which has recently been boarded over with plywood. The windows on the southeast and northeast sides have also been boarded over with plywood. Aluminum-frame, horizontal-sliding windows with concrete sills and metal security bars are located near the former entrance and on the northwest side (Photograph 3). The northwest side also has a square vent at the base, and a square, pop-out, concrete-block projection with a shed roof is located on the southwest side adjacent to the porch (Photograph 2). Along the eastern boundary of the property is an approximately 20-foot-tall metal pylon sign tower with three double-face plexiglass signs associated with the former used car lot, with the uppermost sign attached to a metal rotating mechanism (Photograph 4). Adjacent to the pylon is a roughly two-foot-tall, rectangular display platform constructed out of concrete block. The sign and platform are flanked on the north and south sides by 16-inch-tall, rectangular, concrete-block planter boxes.

P7. Owner and Address (continued): Assessor Parcel Number(s) Owner and Address 510-034-001-6 and 510-034-002-4 San Pablo 888, LLC 1290 24th Avenue San Francisco, CA 94122 510-034-003-2 10167 San Pablo Avenue, LLC 175 Admiral Cochrane Drive #201 Annapolis, MD 21401 B10. Significance (continued): Historic Context This former used car dealership was originally established in 1953 in the Richmond Annex area of the City of El Cerrito. Present-day El Cerrito was originally contained within the 17,939-acre Rancho San Pablo, which also encompassed the present-day cities of Richmond, San Pablo, and Kensington in western Contra Costa County, one of California’s original 27 counties established in 1850. Rancho San Pablo was among the secularized land holdings of nearby Mission Dolores in San Francisco, and it was bequeathed as a land grant to Francisco Castro by Governor Luís Arguello in 1823. A former soldier at the San Francisco Presidio and one-time alcalde (mayor) of the Pueblo of San José, Castro built an adobe residence and established cattle ranches, vineyards, and orchards on the rancho. After Castro’s death in 1831, the rancho was divided between Castro’s widow Gabriella Berryessa Castro and their eleven children, with all parties owning undivided interest in the property. This joint ownership scheme, with Gabriella Castro owning an 11/22 share, and each of her children owning 1/22 shares, soon produced extreme confusion and delayed intensive subdivision of the area until the 1890s. Uncoordinated land sales, with multiple sales and conflicting claims for identical pieces of property, yielded numerous law suits and counter suits regarding legal ownership over disputed land parcels. A final resolution was ultimately reached in 1894, when Judge J. C. B. Hebbard issued the Final Decree in Partition following the closure of the 39-year Emeric v. Alvarado case. Hebbard’s Final Decree listed every landowner within the boundaries of the San Pablo Rancho and included a map illustrating each

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # ______DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ______CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ______

Page 4 of 11 *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 10167 San Pablo Avenue *Recorded by S. Skow *Date November 9, 2017  Continuation  Update holding. According to the map, most of the property in the vicinity of El Cerrito was retained in several large landholdings, with tenant farmers reportedly leasing parcels for grazing cattle or growing crops (Plate 1).1

Plate 1. Portion of 1893 Rancho San Pablo partition map, with original El Cerrito city limits highlighted in yellow and approximate location of subject property outlined in red.2 Although land disputes delayed intensive subdivision in the area containing present-day El Cerrito until the 1890s, some development did occur in the interim period. In 1852, the Contra Costa County Court of Sessions ordered construction of an improved road along the present-day San Pablo Avenue alignment, which had existed since the Spanish colonial era as El Camino de la Contra Costa, a meandering dirt road between Rancho San Antonio in the vicinity of modern-day Oakland and

1 City of El Cerrito, Application for Building Permit: Permit No. 2721, March 9, 1953, City of El Cerrito, Community Development Department, Building Division, El Cerrito, California; P. A. Haviland, “Sheet No. 3: Richmond Annex, Contra Costa County, California,” 1912, Map Book 6, Page 144, Contra Costa County Recorder, Martinez, California; F. J. Hulaniski, The History of Contra Costa County, California (Berkeley, California: The Elms Publishing Co., Inc., 1917), 11 and 19; J. P. Munro-Fraser, History of Contra Costa County, California (San Francisco, California: W. A. Slocum & Co., 1882), 293-294; J. Whitman, A History of Richmond, California (Richmond, California: Richmond Chamber of Commerce, 1944), 19-26. 2 G. F. Allardt, “Map of the San Pablo Rancho Accompanying and Forming a Part of the Final Report of the Referees in Partition,” September 1, 1893, reprinted in El Cerrito Historical Society, Draft Historic Context Statement, 38. Annotations by El Cerrito Historical Society (highlight) and JRP (outline). DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # ______DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ______CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ______

Page 5 of 11 *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 10167 San Pablo Avenue *Recorded by S. Skow *Date November 9, 2017  Continuation  Update the Carquinez Strait. The construction of San Pablo Avenue thus facilitated transportation between the burgeoning port city of Oakland in neighboring Alameda County and the City of Martinez, the seat of Contra Costa County (the thoroughfare was ultimately incorporated into the state highway system as California State Route 123 in the 1960s). Traffic and commerce were further bolstered in the 1880s with the arrival of the California & Nevada Railroad, a narrow-gauge line that ran through the East Bay parallel to San Pablo Avenue (near the modern-day Bay Area Regional Transit alignment between Berkeley and El Cerrito) before turning east towards Modesto. The line was later purchased by the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Company in 1902 and converted to standard gauge. The presence of the railroad led to the establishment of multiple stations in the area and spurred the development of local industry. Local quarries and cattle ranchers alike used their new access to the rail network to ship their respective products to local and distant markets. Around this time, several small settlements also developed in the area, most notably the communities of Pullman, Stege, Schmidt, and Rust. The community of Rust, named after founder and German-born blacksmith William F. Rust, was established on the west side of San Pablo Avenue between present-day Central and Fairmount avenues, immediately south of the subject property, on land leased from the Castro family. These communities, in whole or in part, would ultimately comprise the City of El Cerrito.3 The region saw a pronounced spike in development and population after the 1894 Rancho San Pablo partition decree. Individual speculators began purchasing large tracts for subdivision as early as 1898, with lots ranging in size from small 25- foot by 100-foot residential house lots to five-acre small-hold ranches and farms (Plate 2). Development and population growth were further boosted across the East Bay after 1906, when cities and unincorporated communities throughout Contra Costa and Alameda counties absorbed thousands of refugees fleeing the devastation of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and conflagration. The area filled with a steadily growing community of quarry workers, railroad employees, ranch hands, nurserymen, and other tradesmen, many having emigrated from various parts of Europe and Japan as well as the United States. Commercial development in present-day El Cerrito – still known as Rust at the time – ran along San Pablo Avenue, which featured a streetcar line between Oakland and Richmond, and was concentrated around the Contra Costa-Alameda County line near the Rust Post Office. This commercial core soon filled with restaurants, saloons, gambling halls, brothels, and a dog-racing track, and the community retained a reputation for vice well into the 1930s.4 El Cerrito was officially incorporated as a city in August 1917. One year earlier, the residents of Rust elected to rename the unincorporated community in honor of Cerrito Creek and El Cerrito Hill (present-day Albany Hill). After unsuccessfully lobbying Contra Costa County for services, such as paved streets, utilities, and schools, residents understood that their community must either incorporate or be annexed by an existing city, with most proponents of annexation eying the fast- growing industrial city of Richmond to the immediate northwest. The move to incorporate triggered conflict between supporters, mainly comprised of commercial proprietors and industrial laborers with a vested interest in a strong urban center, and local ranchers and dairy farmers, who were wary of encroachment by developers onto their properties, and of paying city taxes to finance urban facilities. Proponents ultimately won out, and city leaders launched a massive improvement and development program to transform the rural enclave into a functioning city. One of the earliest initiatives was the city street building program, which cut lanes into straightened thoroughfares and surfacing the main avenues; by 1940, virtually all the city’s roads were paved. Sewer lines had been laid down Schmidt Lane as early as 1913, the same year that the Stege Sanitation District was formed. When the State of California prohibited untreated sewage discharge in 1933, the district constructed a processing plant at nearby Point Isabel. By 1925, the Pacific Gas & Electric Company brought electricity and gas lines to El Cerrito, and the Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Company installed telephone service in the town. As the city’s infrastructure developed, a growing number of restaurants, motels, gas stations, and auto shops began to

3 Munro-Fraser, History of Contra Costa County, 205; John Hall, “California & Nevada Railroad,” no date, Pacific Coast Narrow Gauge, available at http://www.pacificng.com/ (accessed November 2017); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), San Francisco, California Quadrangle, 1: 62,500 (Washington, D.C.: USGS, 1915); Mae Fisher Purcell, History of Contra Costa County (Berkeley, California: The Gillick Press, 1940), 701; El Cerrito Historical Society, Draft Historic Context, 32-36; Edward Staniford, El Cerrito: Historical Evolution (El Cerrito, California: El Cerrito-Kensington Bicentennial Committee and the El Cerrito Historical Society, 1977), 50. 4 Staniford, El Cerrito, 31. DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # ______DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ______CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ______

Page 6 of 11 *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 10167 San Pablo Avenue *Recorded by S. Skow *Date November 9, 2017  Continuation  Update appear along San Pablo Avenue. However, El Cerrito’s population and subsequent residential development would not expand in earnest until the advent of World War II.5

Plate 2. Portion of 1908 Contra Costa County map showing subdivision of the area comprising present-day El Cerrito, with approximate location of subject property outlined in red.6 As with other Bay Area cities, El Cerrito grew substantially and rapidly during the years leading up to the United States’ entry into World War II in 1941. With neighboring Richmond transformed into a regional hub of wartime industry, El Cerrito’s population also surged with a growing number of defense workers. Between 1930 and 1940, the population almost doubled. During the war, the city’s undeveloped parcels soon filled with temporary trailer camps and government labor camps. After the end of hostilities in 1945, the fast-growing City of El Cerrito was absorbed into the greater San Francisco economic orbit, with a growing proportion of residents commuting to the metropolis for work. With Richmond, Oakland, and Berkeley largely built up by this point, El Cerrito appealed to real estate developers after the war because of its relatively large tracts of undeveloped land and vast potential for growth. As postwar residential development expanded, businesses likewise grew up to meet their needs. With no shoreline access to the San Francisco or San Pablo bays, the city never developed large industrial areas like nearby Richmond, thus the land was ultimately dedicated primarily to residential and commercial purposes. El Cerrito also extended its boundaries during this period through a series of annexations, culminating in 1955 when it incorporated the 24-block Bay View No. 1 into its city limits. Prior to annexation, Bay View No. 1 had deteriorated as an unincorporated community near the county line, an area where vice and criminality continued to thrive. After annexation, the City extended public services and expanded its development program into the newly

5 Staniford, El Cerrito, 34 and 56. 6 T. A. McMahon, Official Map of Contra Costa County, California, 1908, Historic Map Collection, Pleasant Hill Library, Pleasant Hill, California. DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # ______DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ______CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ______

Page 7 of 11 *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 10167 San Pablo Avenue *Recorded by S. Skow *Date November 9, 2017  Continuation  Update incorporated tract (the study parcel is located nearby, but not within, this area). By the late 1960s, residential development in the area had achieved parity with the rest of El Cerrito, whose development boom had subsided by this point. With virtually all of El Cerrito’s buildable land built out, developers began appealing to the City to permit the construction of high-rise apartment buildings and other multi-unit residential properties.7 The subject property at 10167 San Pablo Avenue was developed as a used car dealership during the postwar development boom in El Cerrito, though the existing sales office dates to a later period. The business was contained within the Richmond Annex subdivision, surveyed by P. A. Haviland in 1912. Initially planned for residential development, the majority of the subdivision was absorbed by the neighboring city of Richmond in the 1910s, while a small southern portion containing the subject property was annexed by El Cerrito in January 1924. By 1930, however, the El Cerrito portion of the subdivision remained mostly vacant, save for a few businesses along San Pablo Avenue. Lot 28 of Block 103, contained within the subject property’s current boundaries, originally housed a single-family residence with two ancillary buildings, constructed sometime before 1926. By 1950, Block 103 in El Cerrito gradually began to fill with commercial properties, with single- family residences disappearing by the 1960s when the entire residential area of the Bay View neighborhood was ultimately zoned for multi-family dwellings.8 In 1953, the Claar Chevrolet used car dealership purchased Lots 25, 26, and 27 of Block 103 (APN 510-034-003), establishing the earliest business on the property (the original street address, “515 San Pablo Avenue,” changed to “10125 San Pablo Avenue” by 1954). The Claar Chevrolet franchise was founded and owned by C. C. Claar, a longtime Chevrolet dealer in the East Bay dating back to at least the 1920s when he partnered with J. M. Eddy to form Eddy-Claar Chevrolet in the City of Alameda. By 1935, Claar appears to have split from the partnership and established a location in Richmond. Claar Chevrolet remained at the subject property until 1962. During its tenure at the location, the original business paved over the lot with asphalt, erected a pylon-type sign, and constructed a portable office building; neither the office building nor the sign remain on the property. In 1962, the property was purchased by the Richmond Motor Company, another used car dealership based in the East Bay region. The Richmond Motor Company commissioned El Cerrito-based general contractor Elmer J. Freethy to construct the current concrete-block office building in 1962. Freethy also designed and built the concrete-block display platform and planter boxes the following year. The original Claar Chevrolet sign was demolished in 1963, and the Richmond Motor Company commissioned the Richmond-based electrical contractor Nelson Neon with erecting a 16-foot-tall, freestanding pylon-type sign tower with a single, double-face, plexiglass sign; a second double-face sign was added a few months later. That same year, the Richmond Motor Company leased the north-adjacent parcel containing Lots 28, 29, and 30 (APN 510-034-002), then owned by John Hampton, and commissioned the demolition of the existing residence and paved the area for the expansion of the lot. In 1967, the lot again changed hands when the property was purchased by McNevin Cadillac, which operated another dealership in Berkeley. McNevin Cadillac was founded and owned by former Richmond Motor Company salesman and president, Bill McNevin. The new dealership soon altered the sign to include a V-shaped addition to the top (from the McNevin Cadillac logo; Plate 3). In 1976, McNevin Cadillac constructed the wood-frame, plywood-clad addition onto the concrete-block sales office. Two years later, the auto dealership acquired Lots 31, 32, and 33 (APN 510-034-001) from the Shelden A. Sundgren Trust, which expanded the used car lot to its current boundaries. McNevin Cadillac remained at the lot through 1990, and began leasing the property to Val Strough Albany Ford, another used car dealership, the following year. The lot was then leased to Auto Depot in 1997, and the McNevin signage and the V-shaped top addition were removed from the sign tower the following year. The lot was closed

7 Purcell, History of Contra Costa County, 689; Staniford, El Cerrito, 81-84; Jean Travis Smith, “Residential Analysis, El Cerrito, California: An Information Report for the Revision of the General Plan, 1973-1974,” October 1973, 19, prepared for the El Cerrito Planning Department. 8 Haviland, “Sheet No. 3;” “El Cerrito and Vicinity, Contra Costa County, California [city annexation map],” no date, Contra Costa County Cities and Towns: El Cerrito, 1934-1988, El Cerrito Library, El Cerrito, California; Sanborn Fire Insurance Company, Richmond, California, Vol. 2 (New York, New York: Sanborn Fire Insurance Co., 1930 and 1950), 228; Sanborn Fire Insurance Company, El Cerrito, California (New York, New York: Sanborn Fire Insurance Co., 1926), 14; Smith, “Residential Analysis,” 75. DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # ______DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ______CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ______

Page 8 of 11 *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 10167 San Pablo Avenue *Recorded by S. Skow *Date November 9, 2017  Continuation  Update

sometime between 2008 and 2011, and the current property owners came into possession of the parcels in 2015 (APNs 510-034-001 and -002) and 2017 (510-034- 003).9

Plate 3. Portion of advertisement for McNevin Cadillac dealership at subject property, showing existing pylon-type sign tower with single McNevin Cadillac signage and V-shaped McNevin logo on top, 1967.10

9 El Cerrito, Application for Building Permit: Permit No. 2721; “New Dealer for Alameda,” Oakland Tribune, September 8, 1929, 6 (col. 6-8); [advertisement], Oakland Tribune, October 17, 1935, D31 (col. 3); City of El Cerrito, Application for Building Permit: Permit No. 2764, March 27, 1953, City of El Cerrito, Community Development Department, Building Division, El Cerrito, California; R. L. Polk & Co., Polk’s Richmond City Directory (Los Angeles, California: R. L. Polk & Co., 1954), 926; City of El Cerrito, Application for Building Permit: Permit No. 374, May 11, 1962, City of El Cerrito, Community Development Department, Building Division, El Cerrito, California; R. L. Polk & Co., Polk’s Richmond City Directory (Los Angeles, California: R. L. Polk & Co., 1958), 194; City of El Cerrito, Application for Building Permit: Permit No. 2596, June 10, 1963, City of El Cerrito, Community Development Department, Building Division, El Cerrito, California; City of El Cerrito, Planning Commission, Application Under El Cerrito Ordinance Code: Application no. 1864, July 26, 1963, City of El Cerrito, Community Development Department, Building Division, El Cerrito, California; City of El Cerrito, Planning Commission, Application Under El Cerrito Ordinance Code: Application no. 1871, September 4, 1963, City of El Cerrito, Community Development Department, Building Division, El Cerrito, California; City of El Cerrito, Application for Building Permit: Permit No. A-822, June 2, 1967, City of El Cerrito, Community Development Department, Building Division, El Cerrito, California; [advertisement], Oakland Tribune, June 9, 1967, S1 (col. 6-7); City of El Cerrito, Building Division, Application for Building Permit: Permit No. B-4975, July 21, 1976, City of El Cerrito, Community Development Department, Building Division, El Cerrito, California; Shelden A. Sundgren, Trustee of the Shelden A. Sundgren Trust, to McNevin Cadillac, Inc., Grant Deed, Book 8764, Page 461, March 27, 1978, Contra Costa County Recorder, Martinez, California; Pacific Bell Directory, Pacific Bell Smart Yellow Pages: Contra Costa County West (Tucker, Georgia: Pacific Bell Directory, 1989-1990), 93; Bao Truc, General Manager, Val Srough Albany Ford, to Noel M. Ibalio, Associate Planner, City of El Cerrito Planning Division, re: Ownership Changed of property 10125 San Pablo Ave., El Cerrito, CA, May 1, 1991, City of El Cerrito, Community Development Department, Building Division, El Cerrito, California; JRP field survey, November 9, 2017; City of El Cerrito, Building Division, Application for Building Permit: Permit No. 98-0465, June 22, 1998, City of El Cerrito, Community Development Department, Building Division, El Cerrito, California; Google Street View, 10167 San Pablo Avenue, El Cerrito, California, 2008 and 2011; Contra Costa County Recorder, Deed, Document No. 0228333, October 30, 2015; Contra Costa County Recorder, Deed, Document No. 0024946, February 8, 2017. 10 “Bill McNevin Tells His Used Car Customers,” Oakland Tribune, October 27, 1967, 14E (col. 4-8). DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # ______DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ______CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ______

Page 9 of 11 *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 10167 San Pablo Avenue *Recorded by S. Skow *Date November 9, 2017  Continuation  Update

Evaluation Under NRHP Criterion A or CRHR Criterion 1, the subject property at 10167 San Pablo Avenue does not appear to be significant for associations with important historic events at the local, state, or national level. Although the property was initially developed as a used car dealership as early as 1953, the extant building and associated structures date to 1963 and later, well after the establishment and initial development of El Cerrito and about a decade after the post-World War II development boom. As such, the property did not make significant contributions to the establishment and growth of the local economy or to regional commercial development. By the time the Richmond Motor Company took possession of the used car lot in 1962, commercial patterns of development along San Pablo Avenue were well established. This property also lacks significance with the retail automotive industry. By the 1960s, used car dealerships had grown ubiquitous in urban areas throughout California and the United States. Within the El Cerrito area, when established in the early 1960s the Richmond Motor Company property joined the ranks of several existing used car dealerships. For these reasons, it does not individually represent an important event or trend in history at the local, state, or national level. The property does not share significant associations with the lives of persons important to history (NRHP Criterion B or CRHR Criterion 2). Historical evidence does not indicate that Bill McNevin, the developer of the lot in the 1960s, or any other individual associated with the subject property made significant contributions to history at the local, state, or national level. While McNevin appears to have been a successful proprietor of used car dealerships in the East Bay region, his accomplishments in business do not elevate the property to the level of historically significant under these criteria. The building and associated structures at 10167 San Pablo Avenue are not significant as important examples of a type, period, or method of construction, nor are they known to be the work of a master architect or builder (NRHP Criterion C or CRHR Criterion 3). The concrete-block office building is a common building type and a typical example of utilitarian mid- century utilitarian architecture. Moreover, the building has been altered by the construction of a wood-frame, plywood addition. Likewise, the pylon-type sign tower is a common and unremarkable example of its type, and it has also been substantially altered by the regular addition and removal of double-face plexiglass signage over the course of the property’s history as a used car dealership. Additionally, while historic evidence indicates that Elmer J. Freethy and Nelson Neon were a moderately successful general and electrical contractors, respectively, their accomplishments in their respective fields do not elevate them to the status of master designers or builders. Neither the building nor the structures possess architectural merits that would render them eligible under these criteria, and the building and structures are not significant as important works of a master designer or builder. The property is not significant as a source (or likely source) of important information regarding history (NRHP Criterion D or CRHR Criterion 4). The property types present have been thoroughly documented in the historical record; therefore, the property does not appear to have any likelihood of yielding important information about historic construction materials or technology. B12. References (continued): Contra Costa County Cities and Towns: El Cerrito, 1934-1988. El Cerrito Library, El Cerrito, California. Contra Costa County Recorder. Miscellaneous documents, 1912-2017. Contra Costa County Recorder, Martinez, California. El Cerrito, City of. Miscellaneous building permits, 1953-1998. City of El Cerrito, Community Development Department, Building Division, El Cerrito, California. El Cerrito Historical Society. Draft Historic Context Statement: City of El Cerrito. Unpublished manuscript, 2011. El Cerrito Historical Society, El Cerrito, California. Google Street View. 10167 San Pablo Avenue, El Cerrito, California. 2008 and 2011. Hall, John. “California & Nevada Railroad.” No date. Pacific Coast Narrow Gauge. Available at http://www.pacificng.com/. Accessed November 2017. Historic Map Collection. Pleasant Hill Library, Pleasant Hill, California. DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # ______DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ______CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ______

Page 10 of 11 *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 10167 San Pablo Avenue *Recorded by S. Skow *Date November 9, 2017  Continuation  Update

Hulaniski, F. J. The History of Contra Costa County, California. Berkeley, California: The Elms Publishing Co., Inc., 1917. Munro-Fraser, J. P. History of Contra Costa County, California. San Francisco, California: W. A. Slocum & Co., 1882. Oakland Tribune. Various articles, 1929-1967. Pacific Bell Directory. Pacific Bell Smart Yellow Pages: Contra Costa County West. Tucker, Georgia: Pacific Bell Directory, 1989-1990. Purcell, Mae Fisher. History of Contra Costa County. Berkeley, California: The Gillick Press, 1940. R. L. Polk & Co. Polk’s Richmond City Directory. Los Angeles, California: R. L. Polk & Co., 1954 and 1958. Sanborn Fire Insurance Company. El Cerrito, California. New York, New York: Sanborn Fire Insurance Co., 1926. ——. Richmond, California, Vol. 2. New York, New York: Sanborn Fire Insurance Co., 1930 and 1950. Smith, Jean Travis. “Residential Analysis, El Cerrito, California: An Information Report for the Revision of the General Plan, 1973-1974.” October 1973. Prepared for the El Cerrito Planning Department. Staniford, Edward. El Cerrito: Historical Evolution. El Cerrito, California: El Cerrito-Kensington Bicentennial Committee and the El Cerrito Historical Society, 1977. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). San Francisco, California Quadrangle. 1: 62,500. Washington, D.C.: USGS, 1915.

Photographs (continued):

Photograph 2. Southeast and southwest sides of former office building; camera facing north, November 9, 2017.

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information State of California – The Resources Agency Primary # ______DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # ______CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial ______

Page 11 of 11 *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 10167 San Pablo Avenue *Recorded by S. Skow *Date November 9, 2017  Continuation  Update

Photograph 3. Northeast and northwest sides of former office building; camera facing south / southeast, November 9, 2017.

Photograph 4. Tower-type sign, with concrete-block display platform and planter boxes; camera facing northwest, November 9, 2017.

DPR 523L (1/95) *Required Information November 21, 2017 NWIC File No.: 17-1324

Nicole Cuevas, Assistant Environmental Planner Circlepoint 200 Webster Street, Suite 200 Oakland, CA 94607

Re: Record search results for the proposed 10167 San Pablo Avenue Project in El Cerrito.

Project Description: The project site is located at 10167 San Pablo Avenue within the City of El Cerrito (APN 510-034-003-2). The site contains an existing vacant outbuilding constructed in 1968, asphalt paving, and perimeter landscaping. The project would include demolition of the one existing structure on site and construction of a new 48,641 square foot, six story, 65-foot tall multi-family residential building with a total of 62 dwelling units. The project would entail excavation for an underground parking garage. Please perform a records search for the project site plus a 50-ft buffer around the project site limits.

Dear Ms. Nicole Cuevas,

Per your request received by our office on November 3, 2017, a records search was conducted for the above referenced project by reviewing pertinent Northwest Information Center (NWIC) base maps that reference cultural resources records and reports, historic-period maps, and literature for Contra Costa County. Please note that use of the term cultural resources includes both archaeological resources and historical buildings and/or structures.

Review of this information indicates that there have been no cultural resource studies within the 10167 San Pablo Avenue project area. This project area contains no recorded archaeological resources. The State Office of Historic Preservation Historic Property Directory (OHP HPD) (which includes listings of the California Register of Historical Resources, California State Historical Landmarks, California State Points of Historical Interest, and the National Register of Historic Places) lists no recorded buildings or structures within or adjacent to the proposed project area. In addition to these inventories, the NWIC base maps show no recorded buildings or structures within the proposed project area. At the time of Euroamerican contact the Native Americans that lived in the area were speakers of the Chochenyo language, part of the Costanoan language family (Levy 1978: 485). There are no Native American resources in or adjacent to the proposed project area referenced in the ethnographic literature (Kroeber 1925; Cook 1957; Levy 1976; Milliken 1995).

Based on an evaluation of the environmental setting and features associated with known sites, Native American resources in this part of Contra Costa County have been found near rivers and marginal to the bay, on mid-slope terraces, and within upland or sloped environments. The proposed project area is located about 500 meters north of El Cerrito Creek and 1,000 meters east of the San Francisco Bay. In addition, the 1895 and 1899 San Francisco USGS 15-minute topographic quadrangles indicate that a creek runs through or adjacent to the proposed project area. Given the similarity of one or more of these environmental factors, there is a high potential for unrecorded Native American resources in the proposed project area.

Review of historical literature and maps indicated the possibility of historic-period activity within the proposed project area. For instance, there were formerly three adobes that once stood within the area encompassing El Cerrito, which were built by Victor Castro in the late 1830’s and late 1840’s, when he established his own home on rancho San Pablo (Bowman 1951: 60 and 63). In addition, the 1899 and 1915 USGS 15-minute topographic quadrangles indicate that there was a building that was located within or adjacent to the proposed project area. With this in mind, there is a high potential for unrecorded historic- period archaeological resources in the proposed project area.

The 1949 Richmond USGS 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle depicts an urban environment within the 10167 San Pablo Avenue project area, indicating the presence of one or more buildings. These unrecorded buildings/structures meet the Office of Historic Preservation’s minimum age standard that buildings, structures, and objects 45 years or older may be of historical value.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

1) There is a high potential of identifying Native American archaeological resources and a high potential of identifying historic-period archaeological resources in the project area. We recommend a qualified archaeologist conduct further archival and field study to identify cultural resources. Field study may include, but is not limited to, pedestrian survey, hand auger sampling, shovel test units, or geoarchaeological analyses as well as other common methods used to identify the presence of archaeological resources. Please refer to the list of consultants who meet the Secretary of Interior’s Standards at http://www.chrisinfo.org.

2) We recommend the lead agency contact the local Native American tribe(s) regarding traditional, cultural, and religious heritage values. For a complete listing of tribes in the vicinity of the project, please contact the Native American Heritage Commission at 916/373-3710.

3) If the proposed project area contains buildings or structures that meet the minimum age requirement, prior to commencement of project activities, it is recommended that this resource be assessed by a professional familiar with the architecture and history of Contra Costa County. Please refer to the list of consultants who meet the Secretary of Interior’s Standards at http://www.chrisinfo.org.

4) Review for possible historic-period buildings or structures has included only those sources listed in the attached bibliography and should not be considered comprehensive.

5) If archaeological resources are encountered during construction, work should be temporarily halted in the vicinity of the discovered materials and workers should avoid altering the materials and their context until a qualified professional archaeologist has evaluated the situation and provided appropriate recommendations. Project personnel should not collect cultural resources. Native American resources include chert or obsidian flakes, projectile points, mortars, and pestles; and dark friable soil containing shell and bone dietary debris, heat-affected rock, or human burials. Historic-period resources include stone or adobe foundations or walls; structures and remains with square nails; and refuse deposits or bottle dumps, often located in old wells or privies.

6) It is recommended that any identified cultural resources be recorded on DPR 523 historic resource recordation forms, available online from the Office of Historic Preservation’s website: http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=1069

Due to processing delays and other factors, not all of the historical resource reports and resource records that have been submitted to the Office of Historic Preservation are available via this records search. Additional information may be available through the federal, state, and local agencies that produced or paid for historical resource management work in the search area. Additionally, Native American tribes have historical resource information not in the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS) Inventory, and you should contact the California Native American Heritage Commission for information on local/regional tribal contacts.

The California Office of Historic Preservation (OHP) contracts with the California Historical Resources Information System’s (CHRIS) regional Information Centers (ICs) to maintain information in the CHRIS inventory and make it available to local, state, and federal agencies, cultural resource professionals, Native American tribes, researchers, and the public. Recommendations made by IC coordinators or their staff regarding the interpretation and application of this information are advisory only. Such recommendations do not necessarily represent the evaluation or opinion of the State Historic Preservation Officer in carrying out the OHP’s regulatory authority under federal and state law.

Thank you for using our services. Please contact this office if you have any questions, (707) 588-8455.

Sincerely,

Andrew Von Pinnon Researcher

LITERATURE REVIEWED

In addition to archaeological maps and site records on file at the Northwest Information Center of the Historical Resources Information System, the following literature was reviewed:

Bowman, J.N.

1951 Adobe Houses in the San Francisco Bay Region. Geologic Guidebook of the San Francisco Bay Counties, Bulletin 154. California Division of Mines, Ferry Building, San Francisco, CA.

Cook, S.F.

1957 The Aboriginal Population of Alameda and Contra Costa Counties. University of California Anthropological Records 16(4):131-156. Berkeley and Los Angeles.

Gudde, Erwin G.

1969 California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names. Third Edition. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.

Hart, James D.

1987 A Companion to California. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.

Heizer, Robert F., editor

1974 Local History Studies, Vol. 18., “The Costanoan Indians.” California History Center, DeAnza College, Cupertino, CA.

Hoover, Mildred Brooke, Hero Eugene Rensch, and Ethel Rensch, revised by William N. Abeloe

1966 Historic Spots in California. Third Edition. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.

Hoover, Mildred Brooke, Hero Eugene Rensch, and Ethel Rensch, William N. Abeloe, revised by Douglas E. Kyle

1990 Historic Spots in California. Fourth Edition. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.

Kroeber, A.L.

1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 78, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (Reprint by Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1976)

Levy, Richard L.

1976 Costanoan Internal Relationships. Non-serial Publications, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley.

1978 Costanoan. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 485-495. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 8, William C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Milliken, Randall

1995 A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area 1769-1810. Ballena Press Anthropological Papers No. 43, Menlo Park, CA.

Nelson, N.C.

1909 Shellmounds of the San Francisco Bay Region. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7(4):309-356. Berkeley. (Reprint by Kraus Reprint Corporation, New York, 1964)

Roberts, George, and Jan Roberts

1988 Discover Historic California. Gem Guides Book Co., Pico Rivera, CA.

State of California Department of Parks and Recreation

1976 California Inventory of Historic Resources. State of California Department of Parks and Recreation, Sacramento.

State of California Department of Parks and Recreation and Office of Historic Preservation

1988 Five Views: An Ethnic Sites Survey for California. State of California Department of Parks and Recreation and Office of Historic Preservation, Sacramento.

State of California Office of Historic Preservation **

2012 Historic Properties Directory. Listing by City (through April 2012). State of California Office of Historic Preservation, Sacramento.

Woodbridge, Sally B.

1988 California Architecture: Historic American Buildings Survey. Chronicle Books, San Francisco.

**Note that the Office of Historic Preservation’s Historic Properties Directory includes National Register, State Registered Landmarks, California Points of Historical Interest, and the California Register of Historical Resources as well as Certified Local Government surveys that have undergone Section 106 review.