Natural History

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Natural History L I B R A F^ Y AUG - G 1969 THE ONTARiO INSTITUTE FOR STUDiES IN EDUCATION THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOtTNDED BY JAME3 LOEB, LL.D. EDITED BY fT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. lE. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. tW. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d. L. A. POST, L.H.D, E. H. WARMINGTON, m.a., f.r.hist.soc. PLINY NATURAL HISTORY III LIBRl VIII-XI 353 PLINY NATURAL HISTORY WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION IN TEN VOLUMES VOLUME III LIBRI VIII-XI BY H. IIACKHAM, M.A. FELLOW OF CHRIST'a OOLLEdE, CAMBUIDQE CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD MOMLXVII First Printed 1940 Reprinted 1947, 1955, 1967 Printed inGreatBrUain CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE vi INTRODUCTION ix BOOK VIII 1 BOOK IX 163 BOOK X 291 BOOK XI 431 INDEX 613 PREFACE Translations are usually designed either to present the thought of a foreign writer in the EngHsh most appropriate to it, without regard to the pecuHarities of his style (so far as style and thought can be dis- tinguished), or, on the contrar}', to convey to the Enghsh reader, as far as is possible, the style as well as the thought of the foreign original. It would seem, however, that neither of these objects should be the primary aim of a translator constructing a version that is to be printed facing the original text. In these circumstances the purpose of the version is to assist the reader of the original to understand its meaning. This modest intention must guide the choice of a rendering for each phrase or sentence, and considerations of EngHsh style are of necessity secondarj^ A few biographical notes on persons mentioned by the author will be found in the index. VI NOTE ON NOMENCLATURE In idenlifying the zoological specics dcscribcd in this volume I am indehtid for aid to mi/ fricnd and collcague Mr. J. T. Sa^inders, who has gone through the xvhole and given me the modern equivalents of the Latin names ; although he warns me that in a good many cases the identijication is doublful. There are consequently some discrepancies between Ihe nomen- clature in the translation here and tkat used in Book 1, Ihe Table of Contents. Pliny presumably compiled it afler com- pleling the rest of the work ; biit as cdiiorial cxigencies precluded the postponement of Volume I of Ihis translalion till the olhers ivere finished, I had lo be conlent, for Book 1, ivilh the renderings given in Lewis and Short or in Bostock and Riley's translation. H. R. —; INTRODUCTION This volume contains Books VIII-XI of Pliny's Naturalis Hisioria ; their subject is Zoology. The detailed contents will be found in PHny's o\vn outHne of his work, which, with Hsts of the authorities used for each Book, constitutes Book I ; for Books VIII-XI see Volume I, pp. 40-64, of this edition. Book VIII deals with various mammals, wild and domesticated ; and among them are introduced snakes, crocodiles and Hzards. Book IX treats aquatic species, including Nereids, Tritons and the sea-serpent. There are considerable passages on their economic aspects—the use of fish as food, pearls, dyes obtained from fish, and on their physiology, sensory and reproductive. Book X. Ornithology : hawks trained for fowHng birds of evil omen ; domestication of birds for food talking birds ; reproduction. Appendix on other viviparous species, passing on to animals in general —their methods of reproduction, senses, nutrition, friendship and hostiHty between different species, sleep. Book XI. Insects, their physiology and habits especially bees, silk-worms, spiders. Classification of animals by varieties of bodily structure—animal and human physiology. : PLINY NATURAL HISTORY BOOK VIII PLINII: NATURALIS HISTORIA LIBER VIII I. Ad reliqua transeamus animalia et priniima terrestria. Maximum est elephans proximumque humanis sensibus, quippe intellectus illis sermonis patrii et imperiorum obedientia, officiorum quae didicere memoria, amoris et gloriae voluptas, immo vero quae etiam in homine rara, probitas, prudentia, aequitas, rehgio quoque siderum soHsque ac lunae 2 veneratio. auctores sunt in Mauretaniae saltibus ad quendam amnem cui nomen est Amilo nitescente luna nova greges eorum descendere ibique se puri- ficantes sollemniter aqua circumspergi atque ita salutato sidere in silvas reverti vitulorum fatigatos 3 prae se ferentes. alienae quoque reHgionis intel- lectu creduntur maria transituri non ante naves con- seendere quam invitati rectoris iureiurando de reditu. visique sunt fessi aegritudine (quando et illas moles infestant morbi) herbas supini in caelum iacientes, PLINY: NATURAL HISTORY BOOK VIII I. Let us pass to the rest of the animals, and first those that hve on land. ult^^ The largest land animal is the elephant, and it is ammais. the nearest to man in intelligence : it understands p^an^^rjj^ the lanffuasre of its countrv and obevs orders, remem- n^^riy bers duties that it has been taught, is pleased by teUigence. affection and by marks of honour, nay more it possesses virtues rare even in man, honesty, wis- dom, justice, also respect for the stars and reverence for the sun and moon. Authorities state that in the forests of Mauretania, when the new moon is shining, herds of elephants go down to a river named Amilo and there perform a ritual of purification, sprinkHng themselves with water, and after thus paying their respects to the moon return to the woods carrying before them those of their calves who are tired. They are also beHeved to understand the obHgations of another's reHgion in so far as to refuse to embark on board ships when going overseas before they are lured on by the mahout's sworn promise in regard to their return. And they have been seen when exhausted by suffering (as even those vast frames are attacked by diseases) to He on their backs and throw grass up to the heaven, 3 : PLINY: NATURAL HISTORY veluti tellure precibus allegata. nam quod ad docilitatem attinet regem adorant, genua submittunt, coronas porrigunt. Indis arant minores, quos appel- lant nothos. 4 11. Romae iuncti primum subiere currum Pompei Magni Africano triumpho, quod prius India victa triumphante Libero patre memoratur. Procihus negat potuisse Pompei triumpho iunctos egredi porta. Germanici Caesaris munere gladiatorio quos- dam etiam inconditos meatus ^ edidere saltantium 5 modo. vulgare erat per auras arma iacere non auferentibus ventis atque inter se gladiatorios con- gressus edere aut Iasci\ienti pyrriche conludere. postea et per funes incessere, lecticis etiam ferentes quaterni singulos puerperas imitantes, plenisque homine tricliniis accubitum iere per lectos ita hbratis 6 vestigiis ne quis potantium attingeretur. III. Certum est unum tardioris ingenii in accipiendis quae tradebantur saepius castigatum verberibus eadem illa meditantem noctu repertum. mirum et adversis quidem funibus subire, sed maxime ^ regredi,^ utique pronis. Mucianue iii consul auctor est ahquem ex his et htterarum ductus Graecarum didicisse sohtumque perscribere eius hnguae verbis ^ v.l. motus. ^ maxime hic Mayhoff: posl mirum. * v.l. regredi magis. BOOK VIII. I. 3-ni. 6 as though deputing the earth to support their prayers. Indeed so far as concerns dociUty, they do homage to their king by kneeUng before him and proffering garlands. The Indians employ the smaUer breed, iisdomesH- which they caU the bastard elephant, for ploughing. ^'^ndia!^ II. At Rome they were first used in harness to ^'^^'""tf draw the chariot of Pompey the Great in his African for shows. triumph, as they are recorded to have been used before when Father Liber went in triimiph after his conquest of India. ProciUus states that at Pompey's triumph the team of elephants were unable to pass out through the gate. At the gladia- torial show given by Germanicus Caesar some even performed clumsy movements in figures, Uke dancers. It was a common display for them to hurl weapons through the air without the wind making them swerve, and to perform gladiatorial matches with one another or to play together in a sportive war-dance. Subsequently they even walked on tight-ropes, four at a time actuaUy carrying in a Utter one that pre- tended to be a lady lying-in ; and walked among the couches in dining-rooms fuU of people to take their places among the guests, planting their steps care- fuUy so as not to touch any of the drinking party. III. It is known that one elephant which was rather instancesoj slow-witted in instructions it understanding given to fj^JnlT^^' and had been punished with repeated beatings, was found in the night practising the same. It is sur- prising that they can even cUmb up ropes, but especi- aUy that they can come down them again, at aU events when they are stretched at a slope. Mucianus who was three times consul states that one elephant actuaUy learnt the shapes of the Greek letters, and ' used to write out in words of that language : I myself ; PLI^TY; NATURAL HISTORY * Ipse ego haec scripsi et spolia Celtica dica\T,' item- que se ndente Puteolis, cum advecti e nave egredi cogerentur, territos spatio pontis procul a continente porrecti, ut sese longinquitatis aestimatione fallerent, aversos retrorsus isse. 7 IV. Praedam ipsi in se expetendam sciunt solam esse in armis suis quae luba cornua appellat, Herodo- tus tanto antiquior et consuetudo melius dentes quamobrem deciduos casu aliquo vel senecta defodi- unt. hoc solum ebur est : cetero et in his quoque quae corpus intexit \ilitas ossea ; quamquam nuper ossa etiam in laminas secari coepere paenuria, etenim rara amplitudo iam dentium praeterquam ex India reperitur, cetera in nostro orbe cessere luxuriae. 8 dentium candore intellegitur iuventa. circa hos beluis summa cura : alterius mucroni parcunt ne sit proeliis hebes, alterius operario usu fodiunt radices. inpellunt moles ; circumventique a venantibus primos constituunt quibus sint minumi, ne tanti proelium putetur, postea fessi inpactos arbori franguut praeda- que se redimunt.
Recommended publications
  • The Iliad Homer
    The Iliad Homer BOOK I. How Agamemnon and Achilles fell out at the siege of Troy; and Achilles withdrew himself from battle, and won from Zeus a pledge that his wrong should be avenged on Agamemnon and the Achaians. Sing, goddess, the wrath of Achilles Peleus’ son, the ruinous wrath that brought on the Achaians woes innumerable, and hurled down into Hades many strong souls of heroes, and gave their bodies to be a prey to dogs and all winged fowls; and so the counsel of Zeus wrought out its accomplishment from the day when first strife parted Atreides king of men and noble Achilles. Who among the gods set the twain at strife and variance? Apollo, the son of Leto and of Zeus; for he in anger at the king sent a sore plague upon the host, so that the folk began to perish, because Atreides had done dishonour to Chryses the priest. For the priest had come to the Achaians’ fleet ships to win his daughter’s freedom, and brought a ransom beyond telling; and bare in his hands the fillet of Apollo the Far- darter upon a golden staff; and made his prayer unto all the Achaians, and most of all to the two sons of Atreus, orderers of the host; “Ye sons of Atreus and all ye well-greaved Achaians, now may the gods that dwell in the mansions of Olympus grant you to lay waste the city of Priam, and to fare happily homeward; only set ye my dear child free, and accept the ransom in reverence to the son of Zeus, far-darting Apollo.” The Iliad Homer Then all the other Achaians cried assent, to reverence the priest and accept his goodly ransom; yet the thing pleased not the heart of Agamemnon son of Atreus, but he roughly sent him away, and laid stern charge upon him, saying: “Let me not find thee, old man, amid the hollow ships, whether tarrying now or returning again hereafter, lest the staff and fillet of the god avail thee naught.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Achaemenid Persia on Fourth-Century and Early Hellenistic Greek Tyranny
    THE INFLUENCE OF ACHAEMENID PERSIA ON FOURTH-CENTURY AND EARLY HELLENISTIC GREEK TYRANNY Miles Lester-Pearson A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2015 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11826 This item is protected by original copyright The influence of Achaemenid Persia on fourth-century and early Hellenistic Greek tyranny Miles Lester-Pearson This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of St Andrews Submitted February 2015 1. Candidate’s declarations: I, Miles Lester-Pearson, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 88,000 words in length, has been written by me, and that it is the record of work carried out by me, or principally by myself in collaboration with others as acknowledged, and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2010 and as a candidate for the degree of PhD in September 2011; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2010 and 2015. Date: Signature of Candidate: 2. Supervisor’s declaration: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of PhD in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree.
    [Show full text]
  • The Herodotos Project (OSU-Ugent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography
    Faculty of Literature and Philosophy Julie Boeten The Herodotos Project (OSU-UGent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography Barbarians in Strabo’s ‘Geography’ (Abii-Ionians) With a case-study: the Cappadocians Master thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Linguistics and Literature, Greek and Latin. 2015 Promotor: Prof. Dr. Mark Janse UGent Department of Greek Linguistics Co-Promotores: Prof. Brian Joseph Ohio State University Dr. Christopher Brown Ohio State University ACKNOWLEDGMENT In this acknowledgment I would like to thank everybody who has in some way been a part of this master thesis. First and foremost I want to thank my promotor Prof. Janse for giving me the opportunity to write my thesis in the context of the Herodotos Project, and for giving me suggestions and answering my questions. I am also grateful to Prof. Joseph and Dr. Brown, who have given Anke and me the chance to be a part of the Herodotos Project and who have consented into being our co- promotores. On a whole other level I wish to express my thanks to my parents, without whom I would not have been able to study at all. They have also supported me throughout the writing process and have read parts of the draft. Finally, I would also like to thank Kenneth, for being there for me and for correcting some passages of the thesis. Julie Boeten NEDERLANDSE SAMENVATTING Deze scriptie is geschreven in het kader van het Herodotos Project, een onderneming van de Ohio State University in samenwerking met UGent. De doelstelling van het project is het aanleggen van een databank met alle volkeren die gekend waren in de oudheid.
    [Show full text]
  • Plinius Senior Naturalis Historia Liber V
    PLINIUS SENIOR NATURALIS HISTORIA LIBER V 1 Africam Graeci Libyam appellavere et mare ante eam Libycum; Aegyptio finitur, nec alia pars terrarum pauciores recipit sinus, longe ab occidente litorum obliquo spatio. populorum eius oppidorumque nomina vel maxime sunt ineffabilia praeterquam ipsorum linguis, et alias castella ferme inhabitant. 2 Principio terrarum Mauretaniae appellantur, usque ad C. Caesarem Germanici filium regna, saevitia eius in duas divisae provincias. promunturium oceani extumum Ampelusia nominatur a Graecis. oppida fuere Lissa et Cottae ultra columnas Herculis, nunc est Tingi, quondam ab Antaeo conditum, postea a Claudio Caesare, cum coloniam faceret, appellatum Traducta Iulia. abest a Baelone oppido Baeticae proximo traiectu XXX. ab eo XXV in ora oceani colonia Augusti Iulia Constantia Zulil, regum dicioni exempta et iura in Baeticam petere iussa. ab ea XXXV colonia a Claudio Caesare facta Lixos, vel fabulosissime antiquis narrata: 3 ibi regia Antaei certamenque cum Hercule et Hesperidum horti. adfunditur autem aestuarium e mari flexuoso meatu, in quo dracones custodiae instar fuisse nunc interpretantur. amplectitur intra se insulam, quam solam e vicino tractu aliquanto excelsiore non tamen aestus maris inundant. exstat in ea et ara Herculis nec praeter oleastros aliud ex narrato illo aurifero nemore. 4 minus profecto mirentur portentosa Graeciae mendacia de his et amne Lixo prodita qui cogitent nostros nuperque paulo minus monstrifica quaedam de iisdem tradidisse, praevalidam hanc urbem maioremque Magna Carthagine, praeterea ex adverso eius sitam et prope inmenso tractu ab Tingi, quaeque alia Cornelius Nepos avidissime credidit. 5 ab Lixo XL in mediterraneo altera Augusta colonia est Babba, Iulia Campestris appellata, et tertia Banasa LXXV p., Valentia cognominata.
    [Show full text]
  • ROUTES and COMMUNICATIONS in LATE ROMAN and BYZANTINE ANATOLIA (Ca
    ROUTES AND COMMUNICATIONS IN LATE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE ANATOLIA (ca. 4TH-9TH CENTURIES A.D.) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY TÜLİN KAYA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF SETTLEMENT ARCHAEOLOGY JULY 2020 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Yaşar KONDAKÇI Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. D. Burcu ERCİYAS Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lale ÖZGENEL Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Suna GÜVEN (METU, ARCH) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lale ÖZGENEL (METU, ARCH) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ufuk SERİN (METU, ARCH) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayşe F. EROL (Hacı Bayram Veli Uni., Arkeoloji) Assist. Prof. Dr. Emine SÖKMEN (Hitit Uni., Arkeoloji) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Tülin Kaya Signature : iii ABSTRACT ROUTES AND COMMUNICATIONS IN LATE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE ANATOLIA (ca. 4TH-9TH CENTURIES A.D.) Kaya, Tülin Ph.D., Department of Settlement Archaeology Supervisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Little Metropolis at Athens 15
    Bucknell University Bucknell Digital Commons Honors Theses Student Theses 2011 The Littleetr M opolis: Religion, Politics, & Spolia Paul Brazinski Bucknell University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses Part of the Classics Commons Recommended Citation Brazinski, Paul, "The Little eM tropolis: Religion, Politics, & Spolia" (2011). Honors Theses. 12. https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses/12 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses at Bucknell Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Bucknell Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Paul A. Brazinski iv Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge and thank Professor Larson for her patience and thoughtful insight throughout the writing process. She was a tremendous help in editing as well, however, all errors are mine alone. This endeavor could not have been done without you. I would also like to thank Professor Sanders for showing me the fruitful possibilities in the field of Frankish archaeology. I wish to thank Professor Daly for lighting the initial spark for my classical and byzantine interests as well as serving as my archaeological role model. Lastly, I would also like to thank Professor Ulmer, Professor Jones, and all the other Professors who have influenced me and made my stay at Bucknell University one that I will never forget. This thesis is dedicated to my Mom, Dad, Brian, Mark, and yes, even Andrea. Paul A. Brazinski v Table of Contents Abstract viii Introduction 1 History 3 Byzantine Architecture 4 The Little Metropolis at Athens 15 Merbaka 24 Agioi Theodoroi 27 Hagiography: The Saints Theodores 29 Iconography & Cultural Perspectives 35 Conclusions 57 Work Cited 60 Appendix & Figures 65 Paul A.
    [Show full text]
  • Greece--Selected Problems
    REPORT RESUMES ED 013 992 24 AA 000 260 GREECE -- SELECTED PROBLEMS. BY- MARTONFFY, ANDREA PONTECORVO AND OTHERS CHICAGO UNIV., ILL. REPORT NUMBER BR-62445...1 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.50HC-$4.60 113F. DESCRIPTORS- *CURRICULUM GUIDES, *GREEK CIVILIZATION, *CULTURE, CULTURAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS,*PROBLEM SETS, *SOCIAL STUDIES, ANCIENT HISTORY, HIGH SCHOOL CURRICULUM A CURRICULUM GUIDE IS PRESENTED FOR A 10-WEEK STUDYOF ANCIENT GREEK CIVILIZATION AT THE 10TH -GRADE LEVEL.TEACHING MATERIALS FOR THE UNIT INCLUDE (1) PRIMARY ANDSECONDARY SOURCES DEALING WITH THE PERIOD FROM THE BRONZE AGETHROUGH THE HELLENISTIC PERIOD,(2) GEOGRAPHY PROBLEMS, AND (3) CULTURAL MODEL PROBLEM EXERCISES. THOSE CONCEPTSWITH WHICH THE STUDENT SHOULD GAIN MOST FAMILIARITY INCLUDETHE EXISTENCE OF THE UNIVERSAL CATEGORIES OF CULTURE(ECONOMICS, SOCIAL ORGANIZATION, POLITICAL ORGANIZATION,RELIGION, KNOWLEDGE, AND ARTS), THE INTERRELATEDNESS OF THESE CATEGORIES AT ANY GIVEN POINT IN TIME, AND THEINFLUENCE WHICH CHANGES IN ONE OF THESE MAY FLAY INPRECIPITATING LARGE -SCALE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CHANGE. ANINTRODUCTION TO THE BIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS (INDIVIDUAL GENETICCOMPOSITIONS) AND GEOGRAPHICAL DETERMINANTS (TOPOGRAPHY, CLIMATE,LOCATION, AND RESOURCES) OF GREEK CIVILIZATION IS PROVIDED.THE STUDENT IS ALSO INTRODUCED TO THE IDEA OF CULTURALDIFFUSION OR CULTURE BORROWING. (TC) .....Siiiir.i.......0.161,...4iliaalla.lilliW116,6".."`""_ GREECE:, SELEcT DPRO-BLES . Andrea POcorvoMartonffy& JOISApt, I. g ... EdgarBerwein, Geral Edi rs 4 CHICAGO SOCIALSTU i OJECT TRIAL EDITION Materials
    [Show full text]
  • A Glossary of Greek Birds
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MEDICAL CENTER LIBRARY SAN FRANCISCO FROM THBJLreWTRY OF THE LATE PAN S. CODELLAS, M.D. rr^r s*~ - GLOSSARY OF GREEK BIRDS Bonbon HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE AMEN CORNER, E.G. MACMILLAN & CO., 66 FIFTH AVENUE Fro. I. FIG. 2. FIG. 3. FIG. FIG. 5. FIG. 6. FRONTISPIECE. ILLUSTRATIONS. i. PARTHIAN FIG. AN ARCHAIC GEM, PROBABLY (Paris Coll., 1264,2 ; cf. Imhoof-Blumer und Keller, PI. xxi, 14). FIG. 2. TETRADRACHM OF ERETRIA (B. M. Cat., Central Or., PI. xxiii, i). Both these subjects represent a bird on a bull's (or cow's) back, in my opinion the pleiad in relation to the sign Taurus (vide infra, p. 31). In 2 is to the in r it is in Fig. the bull turning round, symbolize tropic ; Fig. the conventional kneeling attitude of the constellation Taurus, as Aratus describes it (Ph. 517) Tavpov 5f ateeXfcov oaarj irepityaiveTai oK\a, or in Cicero's translation ' Atque genu flexo Taurus connititur ingens.' Compare also, among other kindred types, the coins of Paphos, showing a bull with the winged solar disc on or over his back {Rev. Num., 1883, p. 355; Head, H. Numorum, p. 624, &c.). FIGS. 3, 4. A COIN OF AGRIGENTUM, WITH EAGLE AND CRAB (Head, H. Niimorum, p. 105). Aquila, which is closely associated with i. as Cancer rises : it Capricorn (cf. Manil. 624), sets may figure, therefore, as a solstitial sign. FIG. 5. COIN OF HlMERA, BEFORE B.C. 842, WITH THE COCK (Head, cf. H. Numorum, p. 125 ; infra, p. 26). FIG.
    [Show full text]
  • Arrian's Voyage Round the Euxine
    — T.('vn.l,r fuipf ARRIAN'S VOYAGE ROUND THE EUXINE SEA TRANSLATED $ AND ACCOMPANIED WITH A GEOGRAPHICAL DISSERTATION, AND MAPS. TO WHICH ARE ADDED THREE DISCOURSES, Euxine Sea. I. On the Trade to the Eqft Indies by means of the failed II. On the Di/lance which the Ships ofAntiquity ufually in twenty-four Hours. TIL On the Meafure of the Olympic Stadium. OXFORD: DAVIES SOLD BY J. COOKE; AND BY MESSRS. CADELL AND r STRAND, LONDON. 1805. S.. Collingwood, Printer, Oxford, TO THE EMPEROR CAESAR ADRIAN AUGUSTUS, ARRIAN WISHETH HEALTH AND PROSPERITY. We came in the courfe of our voyage to Trapezus, a Greek city in a maritime fituation, a colony from Sinope, as we are in- formed by Xenophon, the celebrated Hiftorian. We furveyed the Euxine fea with the greater pleafure, as we viewed it from the lame fpot, whence both Xenophon and Yourfelf had formerly ob- ferved it. Two altars of rough Hone are ftill landing there ; but, from the coarfenefs of the materials, the letters infcribed upon them are indiftincliy engraven, and the Infcription itfelf is incor- rectly written, as is common among barbarous people. I deter- mined therefore to erect altars of marble, and to engrave the In- fcription in well marked and diftinct characters. Your Statue, which Hands there, has merit in the idea of the figure, and of the defign, as it reprefents You pointing towards the fea; but it bears no refemblance to the Original, and the execution is in other re- fpects but indifferent. Send therefore a Statue worthy to be called Yours, and of a fimilar delign to the one which is there at prefent, b as 2 ARYAN'S PERIPLUS as the fituation is well calculated for perpetuating, by thefe means, the memory of any illuftrious perfon.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural History
    THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BT JAMES LOEB, LL.U. EDITED BY E. H. WAEMINGTON, M.A., F.R.mST.SOC. PKEVIOTJS EDITORS tT. E. PAGE, c.H.,LiTT.D. tE. CAPPS, ph.d.,ll.d. tW. H. D. ROUSE, UTT.D. L. A. POST. L h.d. PLINY NATURAL HISTORY 1 PRAEFATIO, LIBRI, I, H 330 PLINY NATURAL HISTORY IN TEN VOLUMES I PRAEFATIO, LIBRI I, II WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION H. RACKHAM, M.A. FELLOW OF CBRIST'S COLLEOE, OAUBRIDOB CAMBRIDOE, MASSACHU9ETT9 HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD IIOULXVU FntST PRrs-TED . 1938 Repri>-ted .... 1944 Revised and reprinted . 1949 EEPRiirrED .... 1958 Reprinted .... 1967 fRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND CO. LTD THE UNIVERSITV PRESS, GLASGOW CONTENTS PAQB PREFATOET NOTE vi INTRODTTCTION Vii PLINY's rREFACE 1 BOOK I 23 BOOE n 169 PREFATORY NOTE The need for a new edition of this volume allows me to correct some misprints and mistakes in the text and translation. I am gratified to reviewers for pointing out a few that I had not noticed myself. Some of the mistakes of nomenclature were due to the plan of publication, which prechided postponing Book I, PUny's Table of Contents, till the whole of the treatise had been worked through and the objects mentioned had been so far as possible identified by his descriptions. H. R. October, 1943. V» INTRODUCTION Gaius Plinius Secundus—usually called Pliny the Elder to distinguish him from his nephew and ward, Gaius Phnius Caecihus Secundus, whose coUected correspondence has preserved such a vivid picture of Roman life in the time of Trajan—belonged to a family of wealth and position in the North of Italy.
    [Show full text]
  • Über Dendrolagus Dorianus. Albertina Carlsson
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere Jahr/Year: 1914 Band/Volume: 36 Autor(en)/Author(s): Carlsson Albertina Artikel/Article: Über Dendrolagus dorianus. 547-617 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at Nachdruck verboten. Übersetzungsrecht vorbehalten. Über Dendrolagus dorianus. Von Albertina Carlsson. (Aus dem Zootomischen Institut der Universität zu Stockholm.) Mit Tafel 20-22. Nach HuxLEY (29), Dollo (18) und Bensley (6) waren die Beuteltiere ursprünglich Baumtiere ; verschiedene aber haben sich später einem Leben auf dem Boden angepaßt, einige vor dem Auftreten des Syndactylismus, womit eine Reduktion des opponierbaren Hallux zusammenhängt, andere nach dem Auftreten desselben ; letztere Fuß- form repräsentiert eine vollständigere Adaption an die arboricole Lebens- weise (19, p. 168). Neuerdings iiat Matthew darzulegen versucht (37), daß alle bekannten Mammalia, von den Prototheria abgesehen, von Tieren abstammen, welche auf Bäumen gelebt haben; also kann die von Dollo und Bensley ausgesprochene Behauptung auch auf die Monodelphia ausgedehnt w^erden. Unter den dem terrestrischen Leben besonders angepaßten Macro- podidae gibt es eine Gattung, Dendrolagus, die im Äußeren deutlich mit den Känguruhs übereinstimmt, die aber durch geringere Ver- schiedenheit in der Länge der vorderen und der hinteren Extremität von denselben abweicht. Teils hüpft das Tier auf dem Boden, wobei es denselben mit den Vorderbeinen berührt oder bei langsamem Hüpfen nur die eine Hand auf den Boden setzt und die andere erhoben hält (1, p. 409), teils klettert es auf den Bäumen, wobei der Stamm mit den Vorderfüßen umfaßt wird (8, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Transendocardial Delivery of Autologous Bone Marrow
    ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION ONLINE FIRST Effect of Transendocardial Delivery of Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells on Functional Capacity, Left Ventricular Function, and Perfusion in Chronic Heart Failure The FOCUS-CCTRN Trial Emerson C. Perin, MD, PhD, James T. Context Previous studies using autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) in Willerson, MD, Carl J. Pepine, MD, Timothy D. patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy have demonstrated safety and suggested efficacy. Henry, MD, Stephen G. Ellis, MD, David X. M. Objective To determine if administration of BMCs through transendocardial injec- Zhao, MD, Guilherme V. Silva, MD, Dejian Lai, tions improves myocardial perfusion, reduces left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), or enhances maximal oxygen consumption in patients with coronary artery disease or PhD, James D. Thomas, MD, Marvin W. LV dysfunction, and limiting heart failure or angina. Kronenberg, MD, A. Daniel Martin, PhD, PT, Design, Setting, and Patients A phase 2 randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled R. David Anderson, MD, MS, Jay H. Traverse, trial of symptomatic patients (New York Heart Association classification II-III or Canadian MD, Marc S. Penn, MD, PhD, Saif Cardiovascular Society classification II-IV) with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 45% Anwaruddin, MD, Antonis K. Hatzopoulos, or less, a perfusion defect by single-photon emission tomography (SPECT), and coronary artery disease not amenable to revascularization who were receiving maximal medical therapy PhD, Adrian P. Gee, PhD, Doris A. Taylor, at 5 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute–sponsored Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Re- PhD, Christopher R. Cogle, MD, Deirdre search Network (CCTRN) sites between April 29, 2009, and April 18, 2011.
    [Show full text]